拟南芥逆境胁迫诱导转录因子DREB1A基因的克隆和序列分析

以拟南芥基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增得到逆境胁迫诱导转录因子DREB1A基因,将其克隆到pUC19质粒中.序列分析表明获得的基因序列与已报道的该基因的序列完全相同.     

Characterization of Arabidopsis calreticulin mutants in response to calcium and salinity stresses

As an important calcium-binding protein, calreticulin plays an important role in regulating calcium homeostasis in endoplasmic reticulum （ER） of plants. Here, we identified three loss-of-function mutants of calreticulin genes in Arabidopsis to demonstrate the function of calreticulin in response to calcium and salinity stresses. There are three genes encoding calreticulin in Arabidopsis, and they are named AtCRT1, 2, and 3, respectively. We found that both single mutant of crt3 and double mutant of crtl crt2 were more sensitive to low calcium environment than wild-type Arabidopsis. Moreover, crt3 mutant showed more sensitivity to salt treatment at germination stage, but tolerance to salt stress at later stage compared with wild-type plant. However, there was no obvious growth difference in the mutant crtl and crt2 compared with wild-type Arabidopsis under calcium and salt stresses. These results suggest that calreticulin functions in plant responses to calcium and salt stresses.     

H-ATPase in the plasma membrane of Arabidopsis pollen cells is involved in extracellular calmodulin-promoted pollen germination

In this paper, the role of the plasma membrane (PM) H⁺-ATPase in extracellular calmodulin (CaM)-promoted pollen germination and in tube growth of Arabidopsis thaliana was investigated. Pollen germination, pollen tube growth rate, free cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]_cyt) and Ca²⁺ channel activity in the PM of pollen cells were measured. In response to fusicoccin or CaM treatment, in vitro pollen germination and pollen tube growth rate, [Ca²⁺]_cyt and activity of a hyperpolarization-activated Ca²⁺-permeable channel increased. Sodium vanadate inhibited the promotion of these parameters by extracellular CaM. The results suggest that H⁺-ATPase may be involved in extracellular CaM-regulated pollen germination and in tube growth by modulation of the hyperpolarization-activated Ca²⁺ channel in the PM of A. thaliana pollen cells.     

Overexpression of OsRAA1 promotes flowering and hypocotyls elongation in Arabidopsis

Previously, OsRAA1, an AtFPF1 homologue gene, was found to play an important role in modulating rice root development. In the current study, OsRAA1 was overexpressed in Arabidopsis, and the transgenic plants showed early flowering and elongated hypocotyl phenotypes as compared with the wild-type under white-light conditions. The hypocotyls of transgenic lines were twice as long as those of wild-type plants under red-light conditions but were indistinguishable from those of the wild-type under blue and far-red light and darkness. In addition, the phenotypes of AtFPF1 transgenic lines were similar to those of OsRAA1 transgenic lines. These results suggested that OsRAAI/AtFPF1 protein is involved in regulating flowering time and plays an important role in the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation under continuous red light. The functions were preserved during the evolution.     

拟南芥雄性不育突变体opw(only pollen wall)候选突变基因的克隆

在T-DNA插入突变体Salk_059463株系的群体中,筛选到两株雄性不育突变体,对TDNA序列上的一对引物进行PCR鉴定,结果表明:其基因组中没有T-DNA插入.遗传分析表明这两株雄性不育突变体由同一单个隐性基因控制,引起不育的主要原因是从花药发育的第8期开始,小孢子细胞质内容物逐渐减少直至消失,到花药发育的第12期,药室内的小孢子只剩下一个花粉壁空壳,故该突变体命名为opw(only pollen wall).利用图位克隆的方法对OPW基因进行了定位,结果表明OPW基因位于第二条染色体上分子标记T28M21和T3G21之间的12 kb区间内,该区间内一共有21个基因注释.通过克隆区间内的基因并测序发现opw-1突变体基因组中At2g40140基因编码序列的外显子在第289和第290个碱基之间插入了一个A碱基,而opw-2突变体基因组中At2g40140基因编码序列的外显子在第412和第413个碱基之间插入了一个T碱基,造成的编码序列移码使第424至第426碱基成为终止密码子,故At2g40140是编码OPW的候选基因.     

蓝猪耳的显微鉴定

目的对蓝猪耳的显微特征进行研究。方法采用石蜡切片、粉末制片对蓝猪耳的茎、叶横切面组织显微结构及粉末特征进行研究。结果茎横切面四方形,四棱处向外凸起呈三角形,皮层内侧为一层扁平排列紧密的细胞,韧皮部较窄,外侧有纤维散在,断续排列成行,木质部于四角处较发达,导管多径向排列,髓部宽广;叶上下表皮细胞垂周壁弯曲,气孔不等式,栅栏组织1列,主脉维管束外韧形,半月形。结论上述特征可作为蓝猪耳显微鉴定的依据。     

Tup1基因缺失对酿酒酵母耐高糖性状的影响

研究Tup1基因对酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）细胞耐高糖性状的影响。利用Cre/loxP系统对单倍体细胞中的转录因子Tup1基因进行敲除,单倍体细胞复倍后研究基因缺失菌株的性状变化。结果表明,Tup1基因缺失虽然减弱了菌株的呼吸能力,但却增强了菌株在高浓度葡萄糖培养基中的生长和发酵能力。Tup1基因可能通过调节酿酒酵母细胞呼吸强度来调控细胞的高糖应激反应。     

核桃JrEFM1转录因子响应逆境及激素的表达模式

MYB转录因子在调控植物生长发育和逆境响应方面发挥着重要的作用.通过克隆获得了核桃的1条R1-MYB类转录因子EFM基因(命名为JrEFM1),利用生物信息学和实时荧光定量RT-PCR(RT-qPCR)技术,分析在不同非生物及植物激素处理下JrEFM1的表达规律,探究了JrEFM1的基本生物学功能.结果显示,JrEFM1的编码区长为1 320 bp,编码蛋白含439个氨基酸,分子量为48.322 KDa,理论等电点为9.26.与葡萄、番薯等具有较近的进化关系.其启动子包含干旱胁迫(MBS)、热激响应(HSE)、水杨酸(SA)、玉米素(O2-site)和赤霉素响应(GARE-motif)等相关元件.对JrEFM1在干旱,冷害,热激,ABA,JA,SA处理下的表达情况进行分析,发现JrEFM1可被这些处理不同程度地诱导,同时根和叶表现出不同的转录水平.表明JrEFM1可响应逆境胁迫,并与激素信号通路相关;JrEFM1可作为核桃逆境响应机制研究及抗逆育种的优良候选基因.     

Overexpression of rice OsLOL2 gene confers disease resistance in tobacco to Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tabaci

LSD1-related proteins of Arabidopsis with LSDl-like zinc finger domains regulate disease resistance and programmed cell death （PCD）. We cloned a rice OsLOL2 gene, orthologous to LSD1 of Arabidopsis and expressed it in a tobacco plant. Transgenic tobacco lines displayed enhanced disease resistance to a virulent bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci （Pst）. RT-PCR analysis showed that overexpression of OsLOL2 in transgenic tobacco lines resulted in upregulation of two pathogenesis-related （PR） protein genes, PR2 and PR5. Our results suggest that overexpression of OsLOL2 in transgenic tobacco enhances the resistance through the induction of PR proteins and hypersensitive response-like reaction.     

Fine mapping of the red plant gene R1 in upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)

Sub 16 is a substitution line with G. hirsutum cv. TM-1 genetic background except that the 16th chromosome (Chr. 16) is replaced by the corresponding homozygous chromosome of G. barbadense cv. 3-79, and T586 is a G. hirsutum multiple gene marker line with 8 dominant mutation genes. The R ₁ gene for anthocyanin pigmentation was tagged in Chr. 16 in T586. The objective of this research was to screen SSR markers tightly linked with R ₁ by using the F₂ segregating population containing 1259 plants derived from the cross of Sub 16 and T586 and the backbone genetic linkage map from G. hirsutum×G. barbadense BC₁ newly updated by our laboratory. Genetic analysis suggested that the segregation ratio of red plants in the F₂ population fit Mendelian 1:2:1 inheritance, confirming that the red plant trait was controlled by an incomplete dominance gene. Preliminary mapping of R ₁ was conducted using 237 randomLy selected F₂ individuals and JoinMap v3.0 software. Then, a fine map of R1 was constructed using the F₂ segregating population containing 1259 plants, and R ₁ was located between NAU4956 and NAU6752, with only 0.49 cM to the nearest maker loci (NAU6752). These results provided a foundation for map-based cloning of R ₁ and further development of cotton cultivars with red fibers by transgenic technology. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30730067) and Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (Grant No. B08025)     

车八岭自然保护区海南开鸟栖息地特征的初步研究

2001年4月在车八岭国家级自然保护区内，通过实地观察并结合保护区有关工作人员近几年的观察，确这海南Jian（Gorsachius magnificus）栖息活动和觅食活动比较频繁的6个主要地点（包括当地村民曾经捕获该鸟的砌切地点），用全球卫星定位系统（GPS）确定各地点的方位，并对各地点的海拔高度，坡度，坡向和植被等进行考察。结果表明，车八岭保护区内海南Jian主要选择水源丰富，鱼虾充足的小溪流作为觅食地点，栖息地主要分布在海拔600m以下，栖息地类型主要有常绿落叶混交林，针阔混交林，灌草丛及竹林等。     

江南星蕨化学成分的分离与鉴定

采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、中压、半制备高效液相和其他色谱技术对江南星蕨（Lepisorus fortunei）的化学成分进行分离,通过理化性质和核磁共振（NMR）数据鉴定化合物的结构.从90%（体积分数）乙醇提取物中分离得到15个化合物,分别鉴定为反式咖啡酸（1）、反式乌毛蕨酸（2）、迷迭香酸（3）、5-O-咖啡酰莽草酸（4）、（R）-3-（3,4-dihydroxyphenyl）-2R-lactic acid （5）、polybotrin（6）、苏铁蕨酸（7）、羊齿烯（8）、羊齿烯酸（9）、β-谷甾醇（10）、胡萝卜苷（11）、尿嘧啶（12）、豆甾-4-烯-3,6-二酮（13）、麦角甾-4,6,8,22-四烯-3-酮（14）和牡荆素（15）.其中,化合物2、4、5、7、9、13、14和15为首次从江南星蕨植物中分离得到. 本研究为阐明江南星蕨药用价值提供了化学基础.     

枯草芽孢杆菌麦芽糖诱导型启动子Pglv-M1的改造

通过定点突变对麦芽糖诱导型启动子Pglv-M1进行改造,提高启动子启动能力。分析Pglv-M1的Sextama-35区与Pri-bmow-10区,通过对这些区域模拟随机突变,软件打分后获得最高分的新片段。将新启动子与载体p HCMC04-sva连接,并在枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis 1A857中诱导表达,每12 h取粗酶液进行酶活测定。研究结果表明:除突变启动子Pglv-35以外,其余突变体启动效果均有所下降,有突变体构成的表达载体Pglv-35-pHCMC04-sva诱导表达后,得到的单位粗酶活力最高点出现在36 h处,较突变前提高1.31倍。PglvM1作为诱导型启动子Pglv的改造产物,其各个区域的相互影响较为紧密。通过对启动子关键区域单独或同时突变,仅获得一组启动能力有所提高的启动子Pglv-35,这为今后针对启动子的思考、研究方向提供参考。     

青岩油杉种群密度的GM(1,1)组合模型

探讨了植物种群ＧＭ（１，１）组合模型手理论和方法。以种群密度为时间数据序列，建立了青岩油杉种群密度的ＧＭ（１，１）组合模型，并对其精度进行了分析，结果表明，ＧＭ（１，１），组合模型是一种较为理想的处群动态模型。     

黑曲霉木聚糖酶基因xynB的克隆及在酿酒酵母中的表达

从黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)克隆木聚糖酶基因xynB,利用重叠延伸PCR法去除其中的内含子.将该基因与质粒pYES2连接,构建真核表达载体,用醋酸锂化转法导人酿酒酵母(Sacharom yces cerevisiae)INVSC1菌株表达.利用α信号肽替换基因原信号肽,以考察信号肽对表达蛋白分泌的影响.结果获得2株重组菌株,分别为xynB连接原信号肽的pYES2-xynB菌株和xynB连接α信号肽的pYES2-xynB-α菌株.木聚糖酶B成功表达,SDS-PAGE检测到约24kDa目的蛋白质条带.木聚糖酶B最适催化温度为50℃,最适催化pH值为5.0,Mn2+对酶活具有强烈的抑制作用.将α信号肽取代原信号肽使酶活达到最高的诱导时间由72h缩短为48h,但是置换信号肽使最高酶活由7.59U降低为3.97U.