洋中脊玄武岩的Ba同位素组成及其应用（英文）

Ba同位素是一种新兴的示踪地壳物质俯冲再循环的工具。确定地幔的Ba同位素组成是Ba同位素地质应用的前提。然而,目前幔源岩浆岩Ba同位素的数据仍然很少。本文报道了30个海洋玄武岩的高精度的Ba同位素数据,包括25个大洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)和5个弧后盆地玄武岩(BABB)。这些玄武岩的δ¹³⁸/¹³⁴Ba变化范围为-0.06‰～+0.11‰,没有跨区域性的系统差异。结合已发表的数据,全球MORB的平均δ¹³⁸/¹³⁴Ba为+0.05‰±0.09‰(2SD,n=51)。基于具有(La/Sm)_N <0.8,低⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (<0.70263)和Ba/Th (<71.3)的D-MORB样品,我们估算出亏损MORB地幔(DMM)的平均δ¹³⁸/¹³⁴Ba为+0.05‰±0.05‰(2SD, n=16),显著低于先前报道的DMM组成(≈0.14‰)。如果应用新估计的DMM平均δ<...     

峨眉山玄武岩地幔源成分及其变化的微量元素标志

根据峨眉山玄武岩系岩石的稀土元素、不相容元素特征，估计了产生其母岩浆的地幔源成分，在讨论了地幔平衡部分熔融和岩浆分离结晶过程中强不相容元素与一般不相容元素的比值变化后，提出用双对数图解来判别地幔成分、元素总分配系数及母岩浆形成时地幔熔融度的原理。根据Ｌａ，Ｃｅ和Ｓｃ，Ｙｂ在地幔－岩浆过程中地球化学特征，运用上述原理，讨论了峨眉山玄武岩系母岩浆的地幔成分及其变化，计算了地幔矿物相组成和部分熔融度。     

洋底动力学——从洋脊增生系统到俯冲消减系统

目的 建立洋底动力学.方法 对相关国际前缘研究成果进行综合研究.结果 洋底动力学旨在研究洋底固态圈层的结构构造、物质组成和时空演化规律,研究洋底固态圈层与其他相关圈层.如软流圈、水圈、大气圈和生物圈之间相互作用和耦合机理,以及由此产生的资源、灾害和环境效应.结论 洋底动力学以传统地质学理论和板块构造理论为基础,在地球系统科学思想的指导下,以海洋科学、海洋地质、海洋地球化学与海洋地球物理、数值模拟等高新探测和处理技术为依托,侧重研究洋脊增生系统、深海盆地系统和俯冲消减系统的动力学过程,以及不同圈层界面和圈层之间的物质和能量交换、传输、转变、循环等相互作用的过程,为探索海底起源和演化、保障人类开发海底资源等各种海洋活动、维护海洋权益和保护海洋环境服务的学科.     

雷克雅内斯洋中脊及其邻区的地壳厚度特征

雷克雅内斯洋中脊是北大西洋洋中脊的重要组成部分,在演化过程中受到其北部冰岛热点的影响,而地壳厚度是评价热点对洋中脊影响程度的重要参数.为更好地理解热点对洋中脊扩张过程的影响,利用雷克雅内斯洋中脊及其邻区的空间重力异常和地形等数据反演了研究区的地壳厚度,通过与地震确定的地壳厚度对比,得到研究区地壳厚度模型.模型显示雷克雅...     

西太平洋洋底高原内部结构与形成演化

洋底高原是在深海盆地中最显著的大火成岩省,记录着海洋大规模的岩浆活动,对研究地壳结构、板块构造、地幔动力学乃至地球演化历史都具有重要意义。西太平洋是洋底高原分布最密集的区域,是研究洋底高原内部结构与形成演化的最佳场所。选取西太平洋中最具代表性的6座洋底高原——沙茨基海隆、赫斯海隆、麦哲伦海隆、翁通爪哇高原、马尼希基高原以及希古朗基高原,通过对这6座洋底高原地质概况的简要描述,归纳近年来获得的地球物理与地球化学重要观测结果,揭示其内部结构的共性,包括大面积地形隆起、异常厚的地壳、异常负的地幔重力异常以及形成于洋中脊之上或者附近的位置特征;探索了其形成机制,即地幔柱与洋中脊的相互作用可能是洋底高原的主要成因。     

EMI型皖东上第三系大陆碱性玄武岩：Nd,Sr同位素证据

本文报导皖东地区上第三系大陆碱性玄武岩的地球化学特征和成因初探，其中８个样品的Ｎｄ、Ｓｒ同位素组成范围为．在大洋玄武岩的Ｎｄ－Ｓｒ同位素平面上，表现为从原始地幔向ＥＭＩ型地幔端元展布趋势．皖东玄武岩具有轻稀土和高度不相容性元素相对富集的微量元素丰度模式，类似于洋岛玄武岩（ＯＩＢ）．皖东玄武岩的源区可能是Ｎｄ、Ｓｒ同位素组成不均一、且富化的大陆岩石圈地幔．     

南大西洋15°S热液区玄武岩中熔融包裹体组成及意义

熔融包裹体中的硅酸盐子矿物、金属相和流体相可以动态地反映岩浆演化过程中岩浆的成分变化和金属成矿物质从熔浆中出熔分离的过程.本文选取南大西洋中脊15°S(SMAR15°S)热液区玄武岩斜长石熔融包裹体作为研究对象,通过扫描电镜能谱分析和激光拉曼分析,揭示熔融包裹体中熔体相的成分和金属矿物的种类,探讨岩浆作用对成矿的贡献.研究表明,斜长石熔融包裹体中存在黄铜矿、黄铁矿、磁铁矿和铬铁矿等金属子矿物,它们随脱气作用从岩浆中分离并进入岩浆流体相中冷凝结晶.熔融包裹体中金属子矿物与母岩无明显蚀变,共同指示岩浆流体对SMAR15°S热液区块状硫化物的形成可能具有一定贡献.SMAR15°S热液区热液硫化物可能存在岩浆来源.     

南海成因：岩石圈破裂与俯冲带相互作用新认识

南海深部计划与国际大洋钻探航次取得了一系列创新进展与重大突破:1)发现南海陆缘岩石圈减薄之初未出现地幔蛇纹岩出露,且岩浆迅速出现;2)新提出南海不是"小大西洋",而是"板缘张裂"盆地,与经典的大西洋型"板内张裂"陆缘模式不同;3)揭示南海受到俯冲带的强烈控制,提出俯冲诱发地幔上涌并影响南海岩浆活动。     

南海北部天然气水合物气源系统与成藏模式

天然气水合物成矿成藏条件与油气成藏条件虽然存在差异,但亦存在共同之处,即均需要有充足烃源供给及烃源供给系统输送与有利聚集场所的时空耦合配置。为了深入研究天然气水合物与常规油气运聚成藏条件之差异,根据南海北部陆坡深水区构造沉积演化特点及油气地质条件与多年来油气及水合物勘探成果,综合剖析了油气及天然气水合物气源构成特点与流体运聚输导系统特征,同时根据地质地球物理及地球化学分析,初步研究了气源供给运聚通道系统类型与高压低温天然气水合物稳定带的时空耦合配置关系,并结合油气地质及天然气水合物成矿成藏基本地质条件,总结和建立了南海北部陆坡深水区“生物气源自生自储扩散运聚型”、“热解气源断层裂隙输导下生上储运移渗漏型”和“热解气源底辟及气烟囱输导下生上储运移渗漏型”等3种成因类型的天然气水合物成矿成藏模式,以期能为南海北部深水区天然气水合物资源预测及有利勘查目标评价优选等提供决策依据与指导。     

南海表面海温异常对南海季风影响的数值模拟

采用P-σ混合坐标系区域气候模式模拟了4－7月南海季风的爆发、演变过程，并进行了3组敏感性数值试验，研究南海表面海温异常对南海季风的影响，得到以下结论：（1）南海4月份海温异常对南海季风的爆发日期影响不大，但对季风爆发后的强度有所影响，异常增温造成南海季风增强，异常降温则南海季风减弱。（2）南海季风爆发和强度的变化与南海本身的海温变化情况有密切的关系，尤其是5月份南海海温异常。5月份南海异常增温可以使南海季风提前爆发，季风增强，南海海温异常降低时，南海季风爆发的时间推迟，季风减弱。（3）南海海温持续异常可以影响南海及中国大陆的高低空环流变化，海温持续异常增温可以使南海季风提前爆发，显地加强南海季风，并有利于南海季风向北推进，但当海温在6月份进一步持续增温时，则有利于季风维持在较南地区，阻碍季风向北发展；当海温持续异常降低时，南海季风推迟爆发，且明显减弱。     

南海深水海山上的新发现

在国家自然科学基金委重大研究计划"南海深部计划"指导下,于2013—2019年期间,分别运用载人或遥控深潜器,针对南海深海盆中的部分海山开展了4个科学探测航次,在南海首次发现了大面积的高丰度铁锰结核分布区、"南溟"古热液区和惊人的冷水珊瑚生态林。这些发现不仅为深入认识南海不同时空尺度演化的复杂过程及相互作用开辟了新的研究领域,还探索实践了中国海洋高新技术发展与前沿基础科学研究紧密结合并相互促进的高效创新研究模式。     

Long-range correlations in remotely sensed chlorophyll in the South China Sea

A 8-year time series of 8-day Seaviewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor （SeaWiFS） data, which spans from Oct 1997 to Oct 2005, was used to study the temporal correlations and scaling behaviour of ocean chlorophyll fluctuations in the South China Sea （SCS） by means of detrended fluctuation analysis （DFA）. Long-range correlations in chlorophyll fluctuations were detected in almost all the SCS. The scaling exponents vary over a wide range from 0.5 to 1.14, with an average value of 0.79. High values are found in the upwelling regions, such as the northwest of Luzon and the north of Sunda Shelf. Low values occur in the southwest of Luzon, the east of Hainan Island and a majority of the southern SCS. This spatial pattern is considerably different from that of the scaling exponents of the sea surface temperature （SST） time series. It is also demonstrated that SST exhibits more persistence than chlorophyll in almost all the SCS.     

Barrier layer in the northeastern South China Sea and its formation mechanism

A VERTICALLY UNIFORM LAYER OF TEMPERATURE(ISOTHERMAL LAYER),SALINITY(ISOHALINE LAYER)AND DENSITY(MIXED LAYER)IS USUALLY FORMED IN THE UPPER OCEAN DUE TO THE WIND STIRRING.UNDERNEATH IS THE LAYER WITH RELATIVELY STRONG VERTICAL GRADIENT AS THE THERMOCLINE,…     

Pleistocene precession forcing of the upper ocean structure variations of the southern South China Sea

The precession plays a dominant role in driving the tropical monsoon variations. Our high resolution, millennial scale marine isotope records from ODP Site 1143 in the southern South China Sea (SCS) present the detailed history of the upper ocean structure variations over the past 1.56 Ma on glacial/interglacial timescale. The cross spectral analyses between the Earth's orbital variations and the isotopic differences reveal a high coherency between the East-Asian-monsoon-related thermocline and nutricline variations of the SCS and the precession. The variations of monsoon-related isotopic difference between species also demonstrate periodicities of 11-, 12- and 14- thousand years near semi-precession which originates in the tropics, highlighting the importance of the precession in driving the east Asian monsoon changes.     

南海深海塑料垃圾污染

渔业捕捞及商业航运活动的塑料排放是南海深海塑料污染的主要来源。南海深海微塑料污染始于20世纪80年代,具有明显陆源输入的特征,陆架近岸区域微塑料污染严重。陆坡深海峡谷是塑料/微塑料向深海盆地输运的主要通道,近底浊流在输运中发挥了重要作用。综述了南海海底塑料垃圾深潜研究的最新进展,首次提出了深海塑料垃圾生态系统的概念。     

南海成因模式述评

南海的构造演化与其周边的板块构造运动有密切关系,一直是地学研究的热点问题。现对中外学者关于南海成因模式的观点、模式进行综述分析,讨论涉及主动成因10种,被动类成因7种,涉及代表性观点20个,每一观点都能合理解释一些宏观地质现象,也都与另一些地质现象相悖,还需要进一步修正、发展或用新的资料来验证。这是南海研究日趋成熟的表现,未来将会逐渐各个学说融合发展。从史学的角度讨论了"南海观点"之演变,认为未来主要趋向是研究方法多元化、精细化、定量化,认为南海与周围地块之间主被动关系研究、东南亚盆地群响应序列之间对比、岩石圈结构学、区域岩石发展史、不同学说的动力学定量对比与评价是未来的主要研究关注点,并充分考虑外围被动因素,融合南海的发育历史,并将中生代南海的岩石圈禀赋及历史融于其中是南海成因模式研究的重要方向。     

Opening and evolution of the South China Sea constrained by studies on volcanic rocks: Preliminary results and a research design

The South China Sea (SCS) is characterized by abundant seamounts, which provide important information about the evolution of the SCS and related deep processes. Cenozoic volcanism in the SCS and its surroundings comprises three stages relative to the spreading of the SCS:prespreading (>32 Ma), syn-spreading (32-16 Ma), and post-spreading (<16 Ma). The pre-spreading magmatism predominantly occurs on the northern margin of the SCS and in South China coastal areas and shows a bi-modal affinity. The syn-spreading magmatic activity was very limited on the periphery of the SCS, but may be concentrated in the SCS. However, seafloor samples of this stage are not available yet because of overlying thick sedimentary deposits. Post-spreading magmatism is widespread in the central and southwest sub-basins of the SCS, Hainan Island, Leizhou Peninsula, Thailand, and Vietnam. These are mainly alkali basalts with subordinate tholeiites, and display OIB-type geochemical characteristics. The Dupal isotope anomaly and presence of high-magnesian olivine phenocrysts suggests their possible derivation from the Hainan mantle plume. The temporal and spatial distribution of Cenozoic volcanism in the SCS and its surroundings may be accounted for either by plate stress re-organization before and after SCS spreading, or by ridge suction of plume flow during opening of the SCS. If the latter is the case, the volcanic rocks within the SCS basin may not be typical mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB). It remains puz-zling, however, that the transition between the South China continental margin and the SCS basin does not have features typical of a volcanic rifted margin. Clearly, the relationship between mantle plume and SCS opening needs further evaluation. A better un-derstanding of the link between deep processes and opening of the SCS not only requires enhanced studies on igneous petrogene-sis, but also is heavily dependent on systematic sampling of seafloor rocks.     

Diagnostic analysis on the northern South China Sea winter counter-wind current

The winter counter-wind current （also named the South China Sea Warm Current （SCSWC）） in the northern South China Sea （SCS） has been known well for decades, but its mass and momentum origination have not be quantitatively evaluated before. In this paper, the high resolution three-dimensional ocean circulation model is adopted to reproduce the circulation in the northern SCS. The diagnostic analyses are performed to investigate the momentum budget in the northern SCS continental shelf/slope and the momentum propulsion of the SCSWC. It is indicated that the across-shelf pressure gradient and the across-shelf transport are responsible for the formation of the SCSWC, while the along-shelf pressure gradient is balanced by the surface stress, bottom stress, and Coriolis force. The magnitude of the terms in the along-shelf momentum equation is smaller than that in the across-shelf one. The analysis on the momentum budget in the northem SCS will benefit the marine environmental prediction in the future.     

Upper pycnocline turbulence in the northern South China Sea

The first regional mapping of the averaged turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate <εp> in the upper pycnocline of the northern South China Sea is presented and discussed.At φ=20°N and to the north of this latitude,<εp> appears to be more than two times larger than that to the south of 20°N.It is suggested that this asymmetry is associated with the predominant northwestward propagation and dissipation of the internal waves originated in the Luzon Strait area.An approximately linear relationship between <εp> and the available potential energy of the waves P IW,suggests a characteristic time of the P IW dissipation of about 6 h.