W-Ni-Fe复合氧化物粉末的还原工艺

利用两阶段还原法对W-Ni-Fe复合氧化物粉末进行还原,控制还原工艺的参数制得纳米级W-Ni-Fe复合粉末.采用XRD对粉末进行物相分析,并计算晶粒尺寸;采用高倍SEM观察粉末形貌;对复合粉末的费氏粒度、比表面面积、氧含量等进行测定与分析,研究还原温度和还原时间对粉末性能的影响.研究结果表明:当还原温度高于600℃时制得的复合粉末由W和(Ni,Fe)两相组成;粉末颗粒呈球形或近球形;还原温度和还原时间都对W-Ni-Fe复合粉末的性能有显著影响,当还原温度为700℃,还原时间为90 min时,制备的颗粒为平均费氏粒度低于0.65μm,平均BET粒度小于100nm,晶粒粒径小于30 nm,粉末氧含量小于0.23%的纳米级W-Ni-Fe复合粉末.     

La对氢还原(W,Ni,Fe)复合氧化物粉末特性的影响

以喷雾干燥法制备的(W,Ni,Fe)复合氧化物粉末为原料,采用700℃、保温90 min的条件进行氢还原,研究稀土La不同含量对还原(W,Ni,Fe)复合氧化物粉末的影响;采用X射线衍射及高倍扫描电镜分别对还原后的复合粉末进行物相分析、晶粒尺寸测试和形貌观察,并对还原复合粉末的粒度、比表面进行测定与分析.研究结果表明:不加稀土La时还原粉末由W和γ-(Ni,Fe)两相组成,添加一定量的稀土La后还原粉末由W,γ-(Ni,Fe)和La(Nio75W0.25)O3三相组成;当La含量在0～0.8%范围内,随着La含量的增加,还原粉末粒度由96.6 nm降到60 nm,粉末Fsss粒度由0.64 μm降到0.36μm,粉末晶粒尺寸由26.1 nm降到22 rm未添加稀土La时还原粉末颗粒呈球形,添加一定量的稀土La,粉末颗粒呈球形或近球形;添加一定量的稀土La不仅可以有效地抑制晶粒的长大,还可以在一定程度上提高粉末的分散性.     

超细/纳米W-10%Cu复合粉末制备与烧结工艺

采用溶胶-喷雾干燥-共还原法制备超细/纳米W-10%Cu(质量分数)复合粉末,将该粉末压制成形后进行一步烧结,研究粉末制备过程中的工艺参数对粉末晶粒尺寸、比表面积、粒度、氧含量、相组成和形貌的影响以及烧结参数对烧结体密度的影响.研究结果表明:复合氧化物粉末可在较低温度下还原较完全,还原后的W-10Cu复合粉末粒度细小,团聚体粒度为100 nm左右,单颗粒晶粒粒度约为22.6 nm,W-10%Cu复合粉末在1 350～1 400 ℃烧结可达近全致密,其显微组织主要是细小的球形钨晶粒均匀弥散分布在铜相中,其中钨晶粒粒度约为1.0 μm.     

纳米晶WC-6Co复合粉的制备

采用W,C和Co粉为原料,经机械活化—反应热处理工艺制备纳米晶WC-6Co(质量分数)复合粉末。研究结果表明:机械活化可使混合粉末化学反应活性增大,扩散能力增强,体系能量增高;反应热处理阶段活化粉末的反应具有反应温度低,反应速度快的特点;在900℃热处理保温35 min制备出粒度为33.3 nm的纳米晶WC-6Co复合粉末。复合粉末晶粒粒度随热处理温度的升高和保温时间的延长而缓慢增大,所制得复合粉末的热稳定性较好。     

前驱体溶液对(W, Ni, Fe)复合氧化物粉末制备的影响

研究前驱体溶液状态对喷雾干燥法制备（W, Ni, Fe）复合氧化物粉末特性的影响. 采用高倍扫描电镜对所制备的复合粉末进行形貌观察, 并对所制得复合氧化物粉末的Fsss粒度, 比表面, W、 Ni和Fe含量等进行了测定与分析. 研究结果表明： 在质量分数为20%的（W, Ni, Fe）混合盐溶液中添加0.6 g/L 聚乙二醇-1000所配制的溶胶作为前驱体溶液制备的粉末特性最好, 制得一次颗粒粒度细小（为40～50 nm）、分布均匀、分散性好、非晶化显著且大部分为球形的纳米级（W, Ni, Fe）复合氧化物粉末.     

机械球磨法合成Fe-18Cr-9W纳米合金粉末

采用机械球磨法制备Fe-18Cr-9w（质量分数）合金粉末，并用DTA、XRD、BET和SEM等分析手段对不同球磨时间所得的合金粉末进行表征。结果表明粉末球磨35h后，粉末粒度在40．80砌之间，平均粒径为50nm。XRD结合DTA的分析结果表明通过机械球磨可以得到Fe-Cr-w纳米合金粉末。高性能球磨能使晶粒内部产生较大的晶格畸变和缺陷，使粉末扩散加速加快。扩大Cr和W在铁相中的固溶溶解度，形成过饱和固溶体和非晶体。     

纳米V8C7粉末的制备

将V2O5溶解于有机酸溶液中, 通过喷雾干燥制得非晶态含钒的粉末前驱体, 将前驱体粉末还原/碳化后得到V8C7粉末. 采用X射线衍射仪﹑扫描电镜﹑透射电镜﹑碳氧分析仪对工艺过程产品进行分析. 结果表明: 前驱体是粒度为10～20 μm非晶态球形粉末, 当温度升高到400 ℃时, 前驱体粉末开始分解;当温度升高到600 ℃时, 前驱体粉末全部转变为V2O3与游离C原子级别混合均匀的复合粉末;随着温度的升高, 游离C还原碳化V2O3, 当温度升高到800 ℃时, 出现V4C3相;在约1 100 ℃时, 得到相成分均一的V8C7粉末, 其形貌是粒径为30～50 nm的一次颗粒形成的多孔空壳球形, 其总C含量为17.38%, 游离C含量为0.47%. 前驱体粉末在加热过程中相成分转变过程为: V2O3→V4C3→V8C7, 不经历V2O3 转变为VO的过程.     

微乳液法制备纳米ZnO粉体

采用双微乳液混合法制备纳米ZnO粉末.通过实验从nH2O/nAEO3+AEO9、反应物浓度、老化温度及时间、前驱体煅烧温度及时间等方面讨论影响产物的粒径,确定了制备纳米ZnO粉末的较理想的工艺条件.经XRD,TEM和激光粒度仪等检测表征,产物为球形六角晶系结构,平均粒径27nm,粒径尺寸分布范围较窄,99%颗粒达纳米级.     

纳米CeO_2/Ni60复合粉末的高能球磨法制备及其表征

以Ni60粉末和纳米CeO_2颗粒为原料,在氩气保护下采用高能球磨工艺制备了纳米CeO_2/Ni60复合粉末,并利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射和激光粒度分析仪等方法,对复合粉末的形貌、晶粒大小、微观应变及粒度分布进行表征和分析.结果表明:在球磨转速为350r/min,球料比为10∶1的条件下,随着球磨时间的延长,Ni60粉末晶粒不断细化,纳米CeO_2团聚体逐渐解聚,当球磨时间为10h时,纳米CeO_2颗粒均匀弥散分布在Ni60基体上,形成层片状复合粉末;经10h球磨后复合粉末的晶粒尺寸和微观应变分别为27.9nm和0.32%,并在球磨10h后,二者的变化趋于稳定.     

用化学共沉淀法制备Ag-W复合粉

用氢还原Ag_2WO_4制得的Ag-W复合粉烧结的Ag-W电接触合金由于晶粒细和成分均匀,能提高合金的抗熔焊性和电腐蚀性能。本文研究了Ag_2WO_4-Ag_2CO_3共沉淀的生成条件及还原工艺对所得Ag-W复合粉性能的影响,证明:AgNO_3溶液的pH值和共沉淀时Na_2CO_3的加入量影响共沉淀料的Ag含量;反应温度,特别是二阶段还原的温度和时间决定了复合粉的费氏平均粒度。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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