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1.
所有好氧生长的生物都必须经受由于氧分子的不完全还原形成活性氧类物质而产生的氧化应激反应。酵母细胞受氧化应激后会很快合成自我修复性的物质,以抵御这些不良环境。本文主要概述了酿酒酵母的氧化应激反应,并对该过程中的几种重要的转录调节因子进行阐述。  相似文献   

2.
人类超氧化物歧化酶在酿酒酵母系统中的高效表达   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)是一种在生物界广泛存在的抗氧化酶,在抗衰老、抗肿瘤、抗免疫疾病和电磁辐射上都起着重要的作用.对一从人类胎肝cDNA文库中筛到的SOD基因片段进行重组、克隆,并得到带有启动子PADHZ—GAPDH和终止子TADHI的高效稳定的酿酒酵母表达载体pHC11-hSOD.转化酿酒酵母DCO4后获得工程菌DCO4/pHC11-hSOD.表达产物经破壁后SDS-PAGE电泳检测为20ku的条带;酶活性测定结果表明发酵液有40万U/L的hSOD活性.此外,还研究了工程菌的发酵条件和hSOD产物的纯化方法.纯化产物在SDS-PAGE上和Superdex分子筛检测显示,所得产物的纯度已达95%以上.  相似文献   

3.
引进描述蛋白质相互作用倾向性参数(PIRB),基于GO(Gene Ontology)和相关的数据库中蛋白质功能注释,对酿酒酵母部分膜蛋白相互作用规律进行了研究,构建了基于PIRB的蛋白质相互作用网络图.结果表明各类膜蛋白质之间的相互作用具有明显的偏向性.对这种偏向性的生物学含义作了简要探讨.  相似文献   

4.
酵母絮凝是由絮凝基因编码的絮凝蛋白与邻近细胞的胞壁甘露糖结合形成的多细胞聚集现象.利用31篇文献综述了酵母絮凝的遗传因子和遗传工程研究进展,并介绍了无机离子、营养成分、pH、温度、酒精浓度和菌龄等因素对细胞絮凝的影响.  相似文献   

5.
本文综述了生物体内电荷跳跃转移的一些新特征。重点阐述了蛋白质电荷转移过程中一种可能的中间体--溶剂化电子--的结构性质特征以及在蛋白质长程电荷转移中的重要作用。蛋白质中存在着诸多基团、分子片或电正性区域,比如:质子化的碱性支链基团、芳香环、极性肽链、螺旋及结构水簇等,它们可以俘获电子、然后释放,扮演着电子跳跃转移中继站的作用。这种基于溶剂化电子的电子跳跃转移模式构成了蛋白质内电子长程转移的新途径。  相似文献   

6.
磁场对酿酒酵母微观结构及膜脂流动性的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以磁场为外加物理场,采用恒定磁场及循环磁处理方式对酿酒酵母进行处理,研究酿酒酵母微观结构及细胞膜流动性的变化.通过透射电子显微镜观察不同磁感应强度恒定磁场处理后酿酒酵母的微观结构.研究发现恒定磁场可以促进酵母细胞的生长,群体中以具有中央大液泡为特征的成熟细胞所占比率增大,同时线粒体呈现适应性膨大、增生.利用原子力显微镜观察循环磁处理下酵母细胞的三维结构,发现细胞壁表面出现皱缩、穿孔,胞质外流.用荧光偏振法对两种处理方式下细胞的膜脂流动性进行测定,发现不同强度恒定磁场处理后,膜脂各向异性下降,流动性增强,0.05T磁感应强度下各向异性值下降3.57%,而循环磁处理后各向异性值比对照提高了8.46%,膜脂流动减慢,证实细胞膜为受到磁场作用的亚细胞结构.  相似文献   

7.
以酿酒酵母为材料,用穿梭质粒pYES2进行电击转化的条件实验.实验表明电击中电压大小、细胞的生长状态、处理条件和电击后细胞的培养时间以及质粒浓度等对电击转化率均有影响.取对数生长期酵母细胞,用二硫苏糖醇(DTT)处理以疏松细胞壁,加0.7μg/mL质粒DNA,5kV电压电击,转化后细胞在完全培养基中培养60min后,涂布选择培养基,转化率可达4.8×105个转化子/μg质粒DNA,细胞的存活率为39.2%,比完整细胞转化的效率高,存活率偏低  相似文献   

8.
超声波对酿酒酵母诱变作用的初探   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
通过利用现有超声波仪器对酿酒酵母进行诱变作用试验,初步探讨了超声波对酿酒酵母致突变的因果效应.试验结果表明,在相同的时间内,超声波频率越高对试验菌株的致死率越高;同一频率,超声波辐射时间增加也可使试验菌株的致死率增高,同时经过诱变处理后的菌株其生理生化特性也有变化.  相似文献   

9.
酵母双杂交系统是研究蛋白质间相互作用的一种非常有效的分子生物学方法,具有快速和高效的特点,但也存在一些局限性.人们针对它的缺点相应地进行了一些完善和改进,并衍生出单杂交系统、三杂交系统等一系列相关的技术,从而拓宽了该系统的应用领域.  相似文献   

10.
 氧化应激指机体内氧化与抗氧化作用失衡,倾向于氧化状态。大量研究证实,哺乳动物出生过程中,由子宫内到子宫外所受到的如氧气等环境变化及其他一些刺激,导致新生婴儿体内产生大量的氧活性分子(ROS),从而破坏机体氧化-抗氧化平衡。由于新生婴儿机体抗氧化系统非常薄弱,不能够及时清除过量的ROS,从而造成出生氧化损伤。本文综述出生氧化应激及新生婴儿抗氧化系统的发育研究进展。  相似文献   

11.
若干蛇毒蛋白的结构生物学研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以本研究组较有研究特色的五种蛇毒蛋白家族为线索,简要综述了蛇毒金属蛋白酶、蛇毒丝氨酸蛋白酶、蛇毒crisp蛋白、蛇毒磷脂酶A2及蛇毒神经毒素等蛋白家族有关结构生物学研究的结果、现状及进展.强调了蛇毒蛋白研究中蛇毒糖蛋白的结构生物学研究、超高分辨率晶体学研究及与蛇毒蛋白相关的复合物结构生物学研究的重要性.  相似文献   

12.
Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO2 reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO2 emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO2–H2 mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO2–H2 atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.  相似文献   

13.
    
The Mainz Microtron MAMI is a high-intensity electron accelerator for fixed-target experiments in the fields of hadron and low-energy particle physics. It provides a polarized beam of up to 1.6 GeV beam energy. Two major installations are currently in operation at MAMI: the high-resolution spectrometer setup A1 as well as the A2 detector setup, which consists of the Crystal Ball detector in conjunction with the TAPS calorimeter. Highlights of the research program at MAMI are measurements of the electromagnetic form factors and polarizabilities of the proton, which are related to the proton radius puzzle, the measurement of the transition form factors and slope parameters of the eta meson, as well as the search for hypothetical gauge bosons of the dark sector, also denoted as dark photons. Currently, the new electron accelerator MESA is in preparation at Mainz, which will allow for a precision measurement of the electroweak mixing angle at low momentum transfer as well as measurements of low-energy electron-nucleon/nucleus scattering for various applications in nuclear, hadron, and particle physics.  相似文献   

14.
15.
The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.  相似文献   

16.
细胞是生命活动的最小单元,其功能可塑性及动力学特征是维系生命个体健康及物种繁衍的重要保证.在分子水平,细胞可塑性与动力学特征受遗传学及表观遗传学的调控.随着基因组计划的顺利完成及我们对细胞增殖重要蛋白质作用网络生物化学特征研究的成功实施,表示细胞重要生命活动过程中功能分子的动力学特征及其调控机制显得日益重要.组建中国科学技术大学细胞动力学实验室旨在纳米尺度揭示细胞重要生命活动全过程的详尽全息分子调控机制.在过去的几年中,已取得了动点蛋白质网络研究的阶段性进展,动点蛋白复合物组分剖析、功能评估、蛋白质作用动力学及可塑性研究等方面均取得了具有特色的成绩.目前,拟在纳米尺度评估动点组装的时空动力学调控机制.相信在未来的日子里,细胞动力学实验室的创新性成果能够综合集成,并为人口与健康领域的重大命题提供相关的解答方案与技术平台.  相似文献   

17.
    
The advances made in lead-induced impairment of learning and memory in the nervous system and mechanisms of pharmacals repair in Neurotoxicolog Lab in University of Science and Technology of China were described. They include: ①the effect of lead on synaptic plasticity in hippocampus; ②the mechanism of effect of lead on ion channels; ③lead-induced impairment of NMDA receptor, non NMDA receptors and receptor channels; ④the interaction between lead and neurotransmitters; ⑤the effect of lead on gene regulation; ⑥the repair mechanism of pharmacals (Taurine, Ganglioside, antioxidants, etc.) on lead-induced impairment.  相似文献   

18.
非整倍体和人类生殖健康   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
非整倍体即染色体数目异常,发生于生殖细胞则可能导致不育不孕、自发流产和先天出生缺陷.精子非整倍体发生率为5%~7%,卵子非整倍体发生率为22%~90%;在早期自然流产中,非整倍体率高达50%.绝大多数临床上常见的非整倍体患儿的异常染色体来自卵子(母亲),而且母亲减数分裂I同源染色体不分离是除13和18号染色体以外的各种常见染色体非整倍体的主要原因.母亲的年龄是迄今唯一被证实的与生殖细胞非整倍体发生密切相关的流行病学因素,减数分裂遗传重组(频率和位点分布)异常可能是导致减数分裂I同源染色体不分离的主要细胞学和遗传学因素,减数分裂前最后一次DNA复制时cohesin复合体的加载及其之后的维持异常则可能是引起减数分裂染色体不分离的分子生物学因素.减数分裂遗传重组和cohesin复合体的加载均发生于女性胚胎发育的8~30周,而非整倍体卵子的形成多发生在35岁以上的女性,因此我们认为导致非整倍体卵子形成的\"罪恶种子\"早在35年前即已埋下,随着女性年龄增大,其体内保障染色体精确分离的保护机制如纺锤体聚合检验点被\"磨损\"削弱,而最终导致减数分裂时染色体分离异常.未来的研究应着重探讨遗传重组改变的原因、机理及如何导致减数分裂染色体不分离,了解卵母细胞中cohesin复合体、纺锤体聚合检验点的功能是否随女性年龄增大而减弱及其生物学机制,从而为有效防止非整倍体的发生、减少人类生殖相关非整倍体疾病的发生提供理论基础.  相似文献   

19.
    
University of Science and Technology of China set up a Joint Laboratory for Brain Function and Medical Imaging in 1999. The main study interests are high level cognitive functions (e.g., working memory, selective attention, executive control and decision making), and related cognitive impairment and mental health (e.g., working memory in aging and neuroendocrinological disorders, e-game addiction) with cognitive behavioral and neuroimaging (ERP and fMRI) approaches. Many experiments have been completed and significant results have been obtained in these fields. The important topics in positive psychology such as neural correlates of emotion and well-being would be our further focus.  相似文献   

20.
核磁共振波谱研究蛋白质三维结构及功能   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
文中总结了中国科学技术大学生命科学学院核磁共振波谱实验室十多年来的工作.我们的研究主要集中于研究人和其他真核生物基因表达调控相关蛋白质以及细胞连接处相关蛋白质.在这两个体系中许多蛋白质与人类健康及疾病相关,有的可能是潜在的药物作用靶标.我们主要关注用核磁共振波谱方法研究蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用的结构基础.核磁共振适合研究在接近生理条件下的分子相互作用,特别是适合研究低亲和力的瞬态的复合物.它可以提供蛋白质相互作用界面,复合物结构,以及蛋白质相互识别过程动力学的信息.文中给出了一些例子.我们也研究蛋白质内部动力学,包括皮秒-纳秒时间尺度,与毫秒-微秒时间尺度的动力学.与圆二色谱及荧光光谱结合,核磁共振可以详细表征蛋白质的折叠与去折叠.文中给出的核磁共振应用的最后一个例子是用计算机虚拟筛选,核磁筛选,我们发现了一个人的双功能的磷酸酶的一种新类型的抑制剂,并研究了该抑制剂对细胞功能的影响.这一策略有可能用于早期药物的发现.  相似文献   

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