染料敏化太阳电池电极工艺的比较研究

研究了以水热法和商业P25纳米氧化钛粉两种典型的工艺制备染料敏化太阳电池（the dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cell，简称DSSC电池），并对两种溶胶和电极特性进行了表征和分析，结合两种溶胶特性的测试，从溶胶颗粒大小、孔径和光学特性方面分析了溶胶特性对电池光电转换效率的影响。结果表明无论是从效率还是从成本方面考虑，以P25粉制备的DSSC电池都占据优势，为将来DSSC电池产业化采取何种工艺提供了一定的参考。     

A new type quasi-solid state electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells

Dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 thin film solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted worldwide attention be- cause of their high efficiencies and low cost compared with the conventional silicon solar cells. An impressive conversion efficiency exceeding 10% wa…     

染料敏化太阳能电池中多孔电极制备及性能

将喷涂法应用于制备染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极,具有浆料制备简单、易操作、成本低廉等优势.本文以钛酸丁酯和P25为原料配制浆料,采用喷涂法制备二氧化钛薄膜,选择乙二醇作为造孔剂,探索了乙二醇的最佳加入量.通过对电池I-V曲线,二氧化钛薄膜表面粗糙度、染料吸附量和漫反射谱,以及光阳极的扫描电镜照片和交流阻抗图谱的分析,得到如下结果:当乙二醇与钛酸丁酯的体积比为1∶1时,二氧化钛薄膜的粗糙度最大,即孔隙率和比表面积最大,因此染料吸附量达到1.47×10-7mol·cm-2,电池性能最好,其中开路电压为0.69 V,短路电流为13.0 m A·cm-2,光电转化效率达到5.38%,比不加造孔剂时增加了将近1倍,此时电子的扩散转移电阻也最小.     

Novel photoelectrochromic cells fabricated with wirelike photo-electrode

A novel structure of photoelectrochromic cell fabricated with titanium wirelike photo-electrode is in- troduced in this paper. The transmittance spectra show that average transmittance of devices is 68.0% （from 400 to 1100 nm） at bleached state and 26.1% （from 400 to 1100 nm） at colored state, respectively. And the maximal photopic transmittance of the device varies from 81.9% （bleached state） to 30.3% （colored state） at 736 nm. Compared with traditional devices, the spectral response range is improved obviously, which solves the problem of lower transmittance at bleached state for traditional devices.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备二氧化钛纳米晶及其在染料敏化太阳电池中的应用

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化钛纳米晶,采用热重-差热(TG-DSC)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段研究了保温时间对纳米晶的晶体结构和平均粒径的影响.结果表明:经430℃热处理得到的二氧化钛纳米晶主要表现为锐钛矿结构;随着保温时间从1h延长至3h,纳米晶的平均粒径从13.7nm增大到43.7nm.以所制二氧化钛纳米晶为光阳极材料组装了染料敏化太阳电池,并对其光电性能进行了研究,结果显示:粒径为25.4nm的二氧化钛纳米晶太阳电池表现出最佳的光电转化效率,其值为4.62%.     

Quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cells based on pyridine or imidazole containing copolymer chemically crosslinked gel electrolytes

Quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cells based on chemically crosslinking with backbone polymers of poly(vinylpyridine-co-acrylonitrile) (P(VP-co-AN)) or poly(vinylimidazole-co-acrylonitrile) (P(VIM-co- AN)) and diiodide compounds of I(CH2)6I or I(CH2CH2O)nCH2CH2I solidified EC/PC/KI/I2 gel electrolytes have been fabricated. The ionic conductivities and apparent diffusion coefficients of I3? of the electro- lytes and cell performances have been investigated. Providing chemically crosslinking points, pyridine or imidazole from the backbone polymers benefited the open circuit voltage and fill factor of the cells. Consequently, the overall energy conversion efficiencies of the quasi-solid DSSCs improved over 10% even near 20% from that of the liquid electrolyte before solidification. Besides, the employing of crosslinker I(CH2CH2O)nCH2CH2I showed higher electrolytic and cell characters than that of I(CH2)6I.     

浴铜灵在提高反式钙钛矿太阳能电池性能的研究

近年来,基于CH_3NH_3PbX_3(X=Cl,Br,I)结构的钙钛矿太阳能电池由于其简单的制作工艺和较高的光电转化效率而吸引了大量的研究。在反式钙钛矿电池活性层中使用浴铜灵(BCP)来提高电池光电性能。使用溶液法旋涂BCP有效地把Ag电极的功函从原来的-4.23 e V降低到了-4.12 e V,改善了电子的传输和Ag电极收集电子的效率。从而提高了反式钙钛矿电池的短路电流密度和填充因子。光电转化效率由10.3%提高到12.6%。使用BCP的钙钛矿电池的稳定性也有约10%的提高。结果证明,使用BCP有利于提升反式钙钛矿电池的性能,对实现这类太阳能电池的商业化应用起到推动作用。     

二氧化钛纳米管复合薄膜电极制备及其在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

采用强碱水热法合成二氧化钛纳米管,并与二氧化钛纳米颗粒混合作为染料敏化太阳能电池电极材料.当纳米管与纳米颗粒按照1:1摩尔比混合时,经过500℃烧结1h后,转化成锐钛矿晶型;平均孔体积0.30 cm3/g,平均孔径11.42 nm,比表面积为105.58 m2/g;电极对染料的吸附量达到4.85×10-8mol/cm2;电池的短路光电流密度8.70 mA/cm2,开路光电压0.76 V,填充因子0.60,光电转化效率3.96%.     

Electrolytes in solid-state dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells

In this paper, the structure and operating principle of the dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells (DSSC) are discussed. The electrolytes can be divided into three types: liquid electrolyte, quasi-solid electrolyte and solid electrolyte. Based on the relevant study of our group, we summarized mainly the research progress of the quasi-solid electrolyte and solid electrolyte in solid-state DSSC.     

Nanostructured SnO2 photoanode-based dye-sensitized solar cells

This review focuses on recent developments in the nanostructured SnO2 photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells （DSSCs） applications. Carefully designed and fabricated nanostructured SnO2 films are advantageous for effective improvement in performance of DSSCs. Nano- crystals can offer a large surface area for dye adsorption; nanowires are able to provide a direct transfer pathway for the rapid collection of photogenerated electrons; the mes- oporous, monodisperse beads with a submicrometer-sized diameter ensure a large specific surface area for dye adsorption and simultaneously promote light scattering; the surface modification of SnO2 by other oxides may improve the photovoltage and photocurrent, hence resulting in the higher power conversion efficiency of SnO2-based DSSCs.     

CuInS2／石墨烯混合物的合成及其在太阳能电池中的应用

在不同的溶剂中通过温和的溶剂热法,成功地合成 CuInS2纳米晶体。这些合成好的 CuInS2粉末被 X光衍射表征后,又作为对电极被组装成染料敏化太阳能电池。通过检测可以发现乙二醇是合成 CuInS2过程中最佳的溶液。这主要表现在用乙二醇合成的 CuInS2作为电池对电极时的转化率可以达到5·49％,这个值要比用其他溶液合成的 CuInS2转化率高。然后,将在乙二醇溶剂中合成的 CuInS2粉末与石墨烯的氧化物混合形成 CuInS2纳米晶体／石墨烯纳米复合材料,这种材料可以提高 CuInS2在染料敏化太阳能电池方面的性能。通过透射电子显微镜法,可以证明 CuInS2生长在石墨烯纳米网中。与传统的铂对电极电池（6·90％）相比,这种纳米复合材料具有相对较好的光电转化率（6·28％）。     

基于多功能层TiO2薄膜增强染料敏化太阳能电池性能?

利用粒径为20和200nm TiO2在导电玻璃表面制备光阳极的光透明层薄膜、混合层薄膜以及散射层薄膜,通过有效地调整3种薄膜结构进而制备了染料敏化太阳能电池.研究表明,多功能层TiO2膜结构大幅度地提升了光电流,而且电子在多功能层TiO2膜内的界面传输阻抗较低.将3种薄膜有效结合并控制其厚度,可以有效地提高染料敏化太阳能电池的性能,在AM1.5,光强度为100 mW·cm-2的条件下,染料敏化太阳能电池光电转化效率可以提升至5.29%,电流密度达到11.7mA·cm-2.     

叠层太阳电池的研究进展

由不同禁带宽度的子电池组合成的叠层太阳电池,可以有效增加太阳电池对入射光子的能量吸收,以达到提高其转换效率的目的.本文评述了各类叠层光伏器件,如化合物叠层太阳电池、硅基叠层太阳电池、聚合物叠层太阳电池和染料敏化叠层太阳电池的光伏性能与研究进展,并提出了提高叠层太阳电池转换效率提高的某些技术对策.     

High conversion efficiency of pristine TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanotube arrays based dye-sensitized solar cells

We prepared highly-ordered titanium dioxide nanotube arrays (TNAs) by anodizing Ti foils in F-containing electrolytes.The crystalline nature and morphology of the TNAs were studied using X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscopy.We found the morphology of TNAs affects the light-to-electricity conversion efficiency (η) of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).The efficiency of DSSCs reached 5.95% under the condition of light illuminated from the counter electrode.The high efficiency of TNA-based DSSCs was attributed to the neat top surface of TNAs,which allows more dye molecule loading on the surface of the TiO 2 nanotubes,and fewer electron recombination centers and a low interface resistance of integrated TNAs.     

基于自组装二氧化钛空穴阻挡层的高效钙钛矿太阳能电池

器件兼容功能层的自组装工艺是一种简单、可行和节能的策略。在介孔钙钛矿太阳能电池(perovskite solar cells, PSCs)中,致密的TiO₂膜起到空穴阻挡层的作用,而介孔的TiO₂膜起到电子传输层的作用。然而,这两层通常都要通过高温退火法获得。在此,我们通过室温自组装工艺沉积了致密的TiO₂薄膜,以作为PSCs有效的空穴阻挡层。通过沉积时间控制致密TiO₂薄膜的厚度。优化致密TiO₂薄膜的厚度(80 nm),有无空穴传输层的介孔PSCs的能量转化效率分别为17.95%和10.66%。值得注意的是,基于自组装TiO₂的全低温PSCs显示出16.41%的能量转化效率。     

染料敏化太阳能电池碳对电极研究进展

综述了染料敏化太阳能电池(dye-sensitized solar cells,DSSC)结构和对电极作用以及近年来染料敏化太阳能电池对电极材料种类及研究进展.重点介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池碳对电极研究进展,包括碳材料性能,碳材料对电极制作工艺和各种性能参数,以及碳对电极与其他材料对电极相比优缺点.最后提出,由于碳对电极导电性能和催化性能良好,光电效率相对较高,且价格低廉,碳材料制备对电极具有广阔发展前景,已成为目前染料敏化太阳能电池重要研究方向.     

温度对太阳能电池特性的影响

对硅太阳能电池温度特性进行实验研究。在无光照条件下,太阳能电池可看做成一个PN结,正向电流在确定外加电压下是随着温度升高而增大的。用高压氙灯模拟太阳光,测得太阳能下电池不同温度的光照特性。温度升高使得太阳能电池短路电流Isc小幅升高,开路电压Voc降低明显,填充因子下降,光电转换效率明显下降。     

Alternate redox electrolytes in dye-sensitized solar cells

Dye-sensitized mesoscopic solar cell(DSC) has been intensively investigated as a promising photovoltaic cell.Redox electrolyte is important to determine the photovoltaic(PV) performance of the DSC devices,which has become the focus of this topic.In this contribution,recent advances in understanding and controlling of various redox couples are reviewed.Specially,we extend our discussion on the trends that enable iodide-free redox couples to be controllable and feasible for applications in the DSC with promising features.     

The effect of DIO additive on performance improvement of polymer solar cells

A series of polymer solar cells （PSCs） based on poly （diketopyrrolopyrrole-terthiophene） （PDPP3T） and [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester （PC71BM） as active layer were fabricated to investigate the effect of 1,8- diiodooctane （DIO） on the performance of PSCs. The power conversion efficiency （PCE） of PSCs was increased from 3.77 % to 4.37 % for the cells with DIO additive. The underlying reason may be attributed to that DIO additive could make PC71BM more dispersive in the active layer, forming a better bicontinuous interpenetrating network for excition dissociation and charge carrier transport. There- fore, the short circuit current density （Jsc） and fill factor （FF） was increased from 8.25 to 9.18 mA/cm2 and from 67.2 % to 70.0 % for the PSCs with DIO additive compared with PSCs without DIO additive.     

TiO_2纳米管薄膜的制备及其光电性能研究

将水热法制备的TiO2纳米管在600℃下焙烧,用焙烧产物制备染料敏化太阳能电池中的薄膜电极,同时与未焙烧的TiO2纳米管制备的薄膜电极进行光电性能比较。结果表明,600℃焙烧纳米管产物制备的薄膜电极短路电流和开路电压分别达到17.45mA/cm2和0.60V,光电转化效率提高到5.65%,高于未焙烧的TiO2纳米管制备的薄膜电极相应值,且机械性能良好,不易剥落。