铜尾矿资源化的现状和展望

章阐述了铜尾矿造成的危害，对当前我国的铜尾矿利用情况进行了总结，提出了在目前条件下合理利用铜尾矿的措施。     

铜尾矿在高速公路软土地基换填上的应用研究

为了研究铜尾矿能否用作高速公路软土地基的换填土,开展了一系列的实验.先对铜尾矿的特性进行测定并记录相应的实验数据,经分析发现其大多数指标满足路基换填的基本要求,再依据实验得到的参数,采用FLAC~(3D)软件对原状路基与含骨料铜尾矿换填后的路基进行数值模拟计算,结果表明经换填处理后的路基相对于原状土沉降量减少了37%~43%,验证了铜尾矿可应用于高速公路软土地基的换填.将铜尾矿用于高速公路软土地基换填既能实现铜尾矿的资源化利用,又能保护环境.     

铜尾矿对小麦生长发育和农艺性状的影响

通过盆栽实验,分析了铜陵铜尾矿对小麦生长发育和农艺性状的影响.结果表明:尾矿能明显抑制小麦的分蘖数和推迟小麦的发育,低比例尾矿促进高比例尾矿抑制旗叶的叶面积和小麦的株高、茎、叶生物量.随着小麦的生长发育,尾矿的毒害作用更加明显,尾矿对小麦的影响最终反映在小麦的农艺性状上.铜元素的毒害和尾矿的极端贫瘠是影响小麦生长的两个因素.成熟期小麦各器官铜含量大小依次为根>茎叶>籽粒,籽粒中铜的含量与尾矿中有效铜的含量呈明显的相关性.     

黄金矿山尾矿的再资源化

随着黄金开发规模的扩大和开采历史的延长，黄金矿山尾矿逐年增加。堆存的尾矿不仅占用大量土地，浪费大量资金，还严重污染环境。本文综述了黄金矿山尾矿的再资源化利用方法：一是回收，即从金矿尾矿中提取金，银以及铅、锌、铜、硫等伴生成分进行尾矿再选；二是利用，以尾矿为基本原料开发新产品；以此来实现金矿尾矿再资源化。     

废弃铜尾矿水泥熟料的制备及性能表征

研究了废弃铜尾矿部分替代黏土和石灰石等原料,混合煅烧制备水泥熟料.通过对熟料f-CaO含量的测定,对熟料进行岩相、XRD、SEM分析,对熟料的抗压强度及固化重金属进行测定.研究了铜尾矿掺入对熟料易烧性、熟料矿物组成、熟料抗压强度和水化产物的影响,探讨了铜尾矿熟料的固化重金属性能.结果表明:铜尾矿部分取代黏土作为硅质原料...     

铜尾矿改性水泥基地聚合物注浆材料性能与机理分析

为促进岩土工程绿色发展,提高尾矿资源化利用效率,选取铜尾矿制备铜尾矿改性水泥基地聚合物注浆材料,研究水固比、铜尾矿掺量、碱激发剂用量及碱激发剂模数对改性浆液各性能指标的影响规律及微观机理。研究结果表明：掺入尾矿有利于改善改性浆液力学性能,掺入碱激发剂能提高改性浆液整体的反应程度,减小改性浆液析水率;综合考虑各项性能指标,选取改性浆液最佳配比,即水固比为1.0,铜尾矿掺量为30%(质量分数,下同),碱激发剂用量为4%,碱激发剂模数为1.6;相较于纯水泥浆液,改性浆液最佳配比黏度减小11.1%,流动度增大22.3%,析水率减小29.7%,28 d结石体抗压强度仅减小9.5%,耐久性能良好;改性浆液发生地聚合物反应形成了具有三维空间网状结构的C-A-S-H凝胶和N-A-S-H凝胶等胶凝物质。本研究成果可为岩土工程提供高性能低成本的注浆材料,同时还将为尾矿等固废材料资源化利用提供参考。     

凋落物覆盖下铜尾矿中金属硫化物氧化研究

文章选取不同养分含量和灰分碱度的优势植物(白茅和香根草)凋落物,分析其覆盖厚度为5、10、20 cm下酸化尾矿和正常铜尾矿的pH值、游离氧化铁质量比以及金属硫化物生物和化学氧化速率等指标,揭示凋落物对铜陵水木冲废弃地尾矿酸化过程的影响。结果表明:凋落物覆盖下,尾矿剖面氧气体积分数显著降低,含水量提高;近中性铜尾矿pH值显著降低,主要为金属硫化物的化学氧化过程,酸化尾矿pH值升高,以生物氧化过程为主;随凋落物厚度增加,pH值降幅(或增幅)增大;凋落物覆盖处理能够抑制尾矿中金属硫化物的化学氧化,引起近中性铜尾矿生物氧化速率的降低和酸化尾矿铁硫氧化微生物活性的提高。总体上凋落物覆盖有利于减缓铜尾矿的氧化进程,凋落物类型对尾矿总氧化速率影响不显著,凋落物的总灰分碱度和尾矿起始pH值是影响尾矿pH值变化的主要因子。     

部分金属和非金属矿选矿及尾矿利用

技术简介 铜、铅、锌、金、锡、铁、非金属矿的选矿和尾矿利用技术是国民经济可持续发展的一项重要内容。我国矿产资源丰富，但存在贫、细、杂的特点。有些矿种的选矿技术落后，许多矿山的尾矿没有利用。     

铜尾矿改性制作胶结材料可行性的初探

通过对铜尾矿的改性处理，令其替代部分的硅酸盐水泥胶凝材料，通过正交试验的分析方法得到如下结论：在本试验中，600℃及420m2/kg的条件下，铜尾矿活性最大；煅烧温度的提高相应地提高了尾矿的活性，而比表面积只在一定范围内的提高才有助于尾矿活化，超出该范围将导致反协同作用。     

Cu尾矿、萤石作复合矿化剂生产水泥熟料的探讨

研究了以铜尾矿、萤石作复合矿化剂生产水泥熟料。研究结果表明 :从铜尾矿中引入微量的ZnO与萤石中的CaF2 复合矿化效果优于石膏与萤石作复合矿化剂的效果。从而改善了生料的易烧性 ,提高了熟料质量     

利用自动解离分析方法研究硫化铜尾矿的矿物学特征:谦比希铜矿尾矿的实例研究

As ore grades constantly decline, more copper tailings, which still contain a considerable amount of unrecovered copper, are expected to be produced as a byproduct of froth flotation. This research reveals the occurrence mechanism of copper minerals in typical copper sulfide tailings using quantitative mineral liberation analysis (MLA) integrated with scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). A comprehensive mineralogical characterization was carried out, and the results showed that almost all copper minerals were highly disseminated within coarse gangue particles, except for 9.2wt% chalcopyrite that occurred in the 160–180 μm size fraction. The predominant copper-bearing mineral was chalcopyrite, which was closely intergrown with orthoclase and muscovite rather than quartz. The flotation tailings sample still contained 3.28wt% liberated chalcopyrite and 3.13wt% liberated bornite because of their extremely fine granularity. The SEM–EDS analysis further demonstrated that copper minerals mainly occurred as fine dispersed and fully enclosed structures in gangue minerals. The information obtained from this research could offer useful references for recovering residual copper from flotation tailings.     

化学抑尘剂对铜尾矿库区草本植物适生性的影响

为研究铜尾矿库中喷洒化学抑尘剂是否会影响库区复绿植物生长,选择三种复绿植物,种植于铜尾矿中,定期喷洒水和两种化学抑尘剂溶液,通过考察植物发芽率、生长状态、根-土复合体抗剪强度等指标,探究抑尘剂对铜尾矿复绿植物适生性的影响.结果表明,三种植物适生性从高到低为黑麦草、沙打旺、狗牙根.喷洒氯化钙溶液的植物均未发芽.相较于喷洒水,喷洒聚丙烯酰胺溶液更能促进植物生长.喷洒聚丙烯酰胺溶液的黑麦草适生性最优.因此,可以确定黑麦草适合用于铜尾矿库复绿,喷洒聚丙烯酰胺溶液,既能固土抑尘,又能促进植物生长.     

铜镍尾矿细菌浸出的试验研究

通过正交试验研究了pH值、矿浆质量分数、矿石粒度、细菌接种量、表面活性剂吐温20用量对铜镍矿尾矿细菌浸出的影响.试验结果表明,铜浸出的最佳条件:pH值为1.5,矿石粒度为小于0.074 mm,接种量(体积分数)为50%以及不添加表面活性剂;镍浸出的最佳条件:pH值为1.0,矿石粒度为大于0.147mm,接种量(体积分数)为25%及不添加表面活性剂.细菌氧化后,铜和镍的浸出率分别达到63.41%和91.74%.     

Experimental investigation and adaptive neural fuzzy inference system prediction of copper recovery from flotation tailings by acid leaching in a batch agitated tank

The potential of copper recovery from flotation tailings was experimentally investigated using a laboratory-mixing tank. The experiments were performed with solid weight percentages of 30 wt%, 35 wt%, 40 wt% and 45 wt% in water. The measurements revealed that adding sulfuric acid all at once to the tank rapidly increased the efficiency of the leaching process, which was attributed to the rapid change in the acid concentration. The rate of iron dissolution from tailings was less than when the acid was added gradually. The sample with 40 wt% solid is recommended as an appropriate feed for the recovery of copper. The adaptive neural fuzzy system(ANFIS) was also used to predict the copper recovery from flotation tailings. The back-propagation algorithm and least squares method were applied for the training of ANFIS. The validation data was also applied to evaluate the performance of these models. Simulation results revealed that the testing results from these models were in good agreement with the experimental data.     

超细氰化尾渣中铜铅矿物颗粒界面性质

山东某冶炼厂氰化尾渣无法实现铜铅分选,通过XRD、激光粒度仪、浮选实验、FTIR、SEM-EDS、金相显微镜等方法,研究了氰化尾渣铜铅矿物颗粒界面性质.结果表明,渣中主要矿物为方铅矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿、闪锌矿,粒度小于38μm质量分数为95.61%.氰化尾渣中的方铅矿和黄铜矿表面含有大量油状物,此油状物被证明是机械润滑油.黄铜矿表面吸附大量润滑油,造成黄铜矿无法被氰化物抑制.细颗粒方铅矿通过疏水作用力包裹在黄铜矿表面,导致铜铅无法分选.     

Recovery of iron from copper tailings via low-temperature direct reduction and magnetic separation: process optimization and mineralogical study

Currently, the majority of copper tailings are not effectively developed. Worldwide, large amounts of copper tailings generated from copper production are continuously dumped, posing a potential environmental threat. Herein, the recovery of iron from copper tailings via low-temperature direct reduction and magnetic separation was conducted; process optimization was carried out, and the corresponding mineralogy was investigated. The reduction time, reduction temperature, reducing agent (coal), calcium chloride additive, grinding time, and magnetic field intensity were examined for process optimization. Mineralogical analyses of the sample, reduced pellets, and magnetic concentrate under various conditions were performed by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry to elucidate the iron reduction and growth mechanisms. The results indicated that the optimum parameters of iron recovery include a reduction temperature of 1150℃, a reduction time of 120 min, a coal dosage of 25%, a calcium chloride dosage of 2.5%, a magnetic field intensity of 100 mT, and a grinding time of 1 min. Under these conditions, the iron grade in the magnetic concentrate was greater than 90%, with an iron recovery ratio greater than 95%.     

中线法尾矿坝地下渗流场的数值模拟

利用2D FLOW计算软件,针对羊拉铜矿中线法尾矿库在不同条件下的渗流进行了模拟计算。其中,坝体按照设置排渗系统和不设排渗系统两种情况考虑,干滩面长度分别为70 m（洪水状况）、100 m和300 m（正常状况）3种情况考虑。通过计算获得了该尾矿库在不同条件下地下渗流的变化规律。计算结果显示,采取坝体排渗措施,能使坝体中的地下水顺利导出,从而有效降低坝体浸润线的位置,有利提高尾矿坝的稳定性。