网纹化对皖南红土特征剩磁的影响

皖南的红土是形成于亚热带的风尘沉积,建立红土的年代框架主要依据磁性地层,但红土磁性地层的可靠性却存在争议.为查明风化作用对古地磁特征剩磁的影响,我们选择了安徽宣城官塘的红土剖面进行了高分辨率的磁性地层研究.结果显示,均质红土层的特征剩磁比较稳定,而网纹红土层的特征剩磁方向不稳定,极性变化频繁,难以准确划分出极性界线.岩石磁学的研究表明,均质红土与网纹红土的载磁矿物种类与含量不完全相同,原因在于沉积后强烈的网纹化作用,一方面使得原生碎屑磁性矿物发生转变,含量明显下降,另一方面形成了较多的次生磁性矿物,碎屑剩磁因此受到化学剩磁的严重干扰,导致常规方法获得的网纹红土的特征剩磁方向不可靠.据此我们认为在皖南网纹红土层内确定的B/M界线需要慎重对待.这一发现对其它南方网纹红土的古地磁测年也有参考意义.     

新建郑州—西安高速铁路黄土地层及其特征

目的 对郑州至西安高速铁路段黄土地层及其组构特征和成因进行综合调查分析.方法 结合工程地质勘察,选择沿线12个典型黄土剖面进行详细剖析和磁性测量,并运用室内同类研究资料和区域地层特征,对其进行岩石地层学和磁性地层学对比研究,进而进行地层划分,通过古地磁测年给定了黄土岩石学地层单位比较准确的地质年龄和时代.最后对该线不同时代黄土地层的成因进行讨论.结果 本高速铁路沿线黄土主要为第四纪中更新世和晚更新世以来,以风为主的综合成因而形成.结论 该线黄土成因时代的确定,为研究黄土振陷、液化、滑移及提出切实可行的地基处理措施奠定了良好基础.     

青海共和组地层的沉积时代与沉积环境——“青藏高原东北边缘地区晚新生代古地理环境演变”

根据古地磁测年,粒度、矿物与孢粉分析和古脊椎动物化石鉴定,本文讨论了青海共和组地层的沉积时代与沉积环境问题.     

滇中昆阳群古地磁研究

对昆阳群中采集的２８３块样品用热退磁法做了磁清洗处理,经精度检验,进行了统计分析．根据获得的古地磁结果,探讨了昆阳群地层所代表的古地磁极性和古纬度,建立了该地区中、晚元古界古地磁视极移路径,并与华北地块及扬子地块该时期的视极移路径进行了对比,讨论了其构造运动及相互之间的关系,认为下昆阳亚群与长城系古纬度相近,古地磁极性及视极移路径可比,时代相当．     

泥河湾盆地井儿洼剖面磁性地层学初步研究

泥河湾盆地井儿洼剖面古地磁测年结果全部为正向极性,剖面顶面下3.08m处白垩质粘土层铀系不平衡法测年结果为(50600±6700)aBP,据此确定其磁性地层学时代为布容正向极性时．剖面底部未出露B/M界限,说明地层时代晚于78万aBP.依据磁性地层学特征,井儿洼剖面可与虎头梁剖面对比,并能与红崖南沟、大道坡、郝家台等剖面的上部或顶部对比,属泥河湾组Ⅲ段．井儿洼、虎头梁剖面下部的石膏沉积晚于红崖、铺路等剖面下部的石膏沉积,它们分属不同的石膏沉积旋回.井儿洼剖面出露的湖相地层记录了古湖的消亡过程,是研究泥河湾古湖晚期历史的理想场所.     

天然磁铁是怎么形成的,是因为地磁场的磁化吗?

正A:作为一名在地质行当摸爬滚打了十几年的"老司机",笔者看到这个问题的第一反应就是:当然是地磁场把它磁化了呀。在地质学研究中经常用到的古地磁数据,便是地层中的磁性矿物被地磁场磁化产生的。研究者们通过这些磁性矿物剩余磁场的方向,能够推断远古时期地球磁极的方向,乃至古板块的纬度。但是,细想之下,又发现不对劲儿。天然磁铁其实应该是天然磁石,也就是天生的吸铁石,在自然界是很稀有的。它们质地坚硬,颜色黑或棕黑。人类很早就发现天然磁石这种神奇的黑石头了,它能吸     

磁铁矿粒径精细变化下的磁性特征研究

在古地磁学研究中，精细粒径磁性样品中能否提取有效古地磁信息是古地磁学研究能否顺利开展的前提条件。基于这一问题，应用MERRILL软件对30 nm、60 nm、88 nm、150 nm截角八面体磁铁矿颗粒进行多次微磁模拟，发现:1)在常温下单畴(single domain,SD)、易轴指向单涡(easy-axis aligned single vortex,ESV)颗粒具有较高且稳定的矫顽力，而难轴指向单涡(hard-axis aligned single vortex,HSV)颗粒则存在波动; 2)温度变化情况下，SD、ESV颗粒依旧保持较强的热稳定性，而HSV颗粒依旧存在波动。据此，推断SD结构与ESV结构磁铁矿颗粒可以作为古地磁学研究的良好信息载体。总之，该项研究在一定程度上拓宽了良好载磁颗粒的粒径范围，从而提高了有效古地磁信息的提取。     

泥河弯盆地井儿洼剖面磁性地层学初步研究

泥河湾盆地井儿洼剖面古地磁测年结果全部为正向极性 ,剖面顶面下 3.0 8m处白垩质粘土层铀系不平衡法测年结果为 (50 6 0 0± 6 70 0 )aBP ,据此确定其磁性地层学时代为布容正向极性时 .剖面底部未出露B/M界限 ,说明地层时代晚于 78万aBP .依据磁性地层学特征 ,井儿洼剖面可与虎头梁剖面对比 ,并能与红崖南沟、大道坡、郝家台等剖面的上部或顶部对比 ,属泥河湾组Ⅲ段 .井儿洼、虎头梁剖面下部的石膏沉积晚于红崖、铺路等剖面下部的石膏沉积 ,它们分属不同的石膏沉积旋回 .井儿洼剖面出露的湖相地层记录了古湖的消亡过程 ,是研究泥河湾古湖晚期历史的理想场所     

中国西北地区黄土及第四纪地层研究的新进展

利用沉积学、古地磁学、同位素年代学、微生物学及构造地貌学等学科，结合区域地层对比，对中国西北地区黄土及第四纪地层和晚新生代构造变形特征进行了较为广泛、系统和深入的多学科综合分析研究。认为在更新世地质事件及发生年龄、典型风成黄土及形成下限、新疆西域砾岩时代归属、西北地区第四纪下限、黄土地层中的微生物及地质意义和新构造演化性质等第四纪地质的前沿领域取得了重要进展。     

用孢粉方法分析临侯盆地晚新生代环境演变

本文对 LK10钻孔113个样品用古地磁、岩性,岩矿和地球化学方法划分了地层后,又进行了孢粉研究,共分为11个孢粉带,根据分析结果,作出了本区晚新生代植被演替与气候分期表.较好地反映了临侯盆地古气候演化规律.     

Loess buried paleosols geosols welded paleosols pedocomplexes towards a global quaternary pedostratigraphy and paleoclimatic history

Micromorphological studies show that a comparision of the loess-paleosol sequence of the Karamaydan section, Central Asia, with the upper part of the Luochuan section, China, clearly indicates that for the Brunhes chron the sequence at Karamaydan is even more detailed than the corresponding section at Luochuan. Single paleosols at Luochuan correspond to pedocomplexes at Karamaydan; some pedocomplexes at Luochuan are represented by more detailed successions at Karamaydan (fig. 1). The loess-paleosol sequence at Karamaydan should therefore be regarded as a key sequence for reconstructing the climatic history of the Brunhes epoch. Correlation with the deep-sea oxygen isotope record of Bassinot et al. (1994), which includes an accurate astronomical time scale, allows a detailed chronostratigraphical subdivision of the loess-paleosol sequence in Karamaydan for the Brunhes chron. Mineralogical and clay mineralogical investigations show that there is little difference in the type and amount of pedogenic clay mineral formation between two Holocene soils and the paleosols in the Brunhes chron at Karamaydan. These results indicate that the climates of the interglacials represented by the B or Bt horizons of the buried paleosols were similar to that of the Holocene. In view of these results the Paleopedology Commission should develop a uniform terminology of mono- and polygenetic paleosols and pedostratigraphic units which can be used globally.     

Magnetostratigraphy of borehole EY02-2 in the southern Yellow Sea and its paleoenvironmental significance

Various media are used for the study of paleoenvi- ronment. Among them, ice-core, loess and marine sediments are the most important for long time re- cording[1]. In all kinds of researches of paleoenviron- ment, age determination of the sediments is the m…     

A recording phase lag between ocean and continent climate changes: Constrained by the Matuyama/Brunhes polarity boundary

The Matuyama/Brunhes polarity boundary (MBPB) is recorded in Chinese loess L8, which is associated with the glacial period. It is proved that loess L8 is capable of recording earth’s secular variation, and the lock-in depth in Chinese loess is no more than that of marine sediments. Comparison with the location of MBPB in Chinese loess and marine sediments, it is put forward that there is a recording phase lag between ocean and continent climate changes.     

Geomagnetic anomalies recorded in L9 of the Songjiadian loess section in southeastern Chinese Loess Plateau

Detailed magnetostratigraphic and rock magnetic investigations on L8-S12 of the Songjiadian loess section in the Sanmenxia area,southernmost margin of the Chinese Loess Plateau were conducted in this study.Matuyama/Brunhes (M/B) boundary occurred at the bottom of the loess unit L8.The top and bottom boundaries of the Jaramillo polarity subchron are found in the middle of L10 and the bottom of L12,respectively.Magnetic fabric of the loess layers maintains the original depositional features and the recorded r...     

Age estimation of the mid-Pleistocene microtektite event in the South China Sea: A case showing the complexity of the sea-land correlation

The present study confirms the stratigraphical position of microtektite layer being clearly located below the Brunhes/Matuyama (BIM) boundary. Based on the sedimentation rate derived from the stable isotopic and magnetic data of ODP Site 772A, cores 17957 and 17959 in the South China Sea, the age of the mid-Pleistocene impact event was estimated at 1–12 ka earlier than the Brunhes-Matuyama polarity reversal. However, the microtektites were found above the measured BIM boundary in the loess profile due to the downward deviation of the measured B/M boundary from its true position^[1]. This demonstrates the complexity of paleo-magnetic records in the loess profiles which, in turn, causes the confusion in the sea-land stratigraphic correlation.     

The genesis and environmental significance of red and black sedimentary interlayers in coral reef of well Nanyong 2

The results of paleogeomagnetics and geochemistry of the coral reef in well Nanyong 2 of Nansha Islands showed that the bottom of the black sedimentary interlayer corresponds to the conversion boundary line between Brunhes Postive Polarity and Matuyama Reversed Polarity (B/M) and the cold/warm (19/20) climatic conversion bounds on δ¹⁸O curve, 0.78 Ma ago; and the red sedimentary interlayer corresponds to the ReunionⅠpolarity excursion (reversion) of the geomagnetic field, 2.01—2.04 Ma ago. Comparing with the normal light-coloured coral reef rock, the magnetic susceptibility (c), residual magnetization intensity (Mr) and the content of MnO and Fe₂O₃ of the black sedimentary layer appeared obviously positive abnormity. The magnetic susceptibility (c), residual magnetization intensity (Mr) and the content of Fe₂O₃ of the red sedimentary layer also appeared positive abnormity. Combining with the analyzing results of paleontology, we hold that this pair of special and typical sedimentary interlayers was relative to the sudden change of paleoclimate, i.e. the global climatic change and its incidental polarity reversal of the geomagnetic field directly affected the living environment of the paleontological species as well as the dispersion and enrichment of some chemical elements, especially the elements sensitive to redox such as Fe and Mn. For example, the elements Fe and Mn concentrated in the glacial period would be largely oxidized and diluted when the climate warmed up suddenly, and the originally oxidized high valence Fe would be condensed again when the climate cooled suddenly. This is possibly one of the important reasons of appearing and disappearing of the red and black sedimentary events of coral reef in well Nanyong 2.     

Magnetic characteristics and their paleoclimatic significance of Fengzhou loess in the Qinling Mountains of China

The Fengzhou loess section is very typical in the Qinling Mountains. The section, about 82 m thick and underlain by the Neogene red clay, consists of 33 layers of loess and 33 layers of paleosol. The section covers Brunnes normal polarity zone and Matuyama reversed polarity zone, and the B/M boundary is located in the middle of L₈. Matuyama reversed polarity zone records Jaramillo, Olduvai and Reunion normal polarity subchrons. The boundary between Matuyama reversed polarity zone and Gauss normal polarity zone (M/Ga) appears in the lithological boundary between loess and the Neogene red clay. Loess accumulation in Fengzhou started before 2.48 Ma. The magnetic susceptibility curve indicates 33 cold-dry and humid-warm cycles of paleoclimatic variation in the Qinling Mountains during the last 2.48 Ma. The above climatic fluctuation may be well compared with that of the oxygen isotopic records from deep-sea deposits.     

The earliest record of human activity in northern Europe

The colonization of Eurasia by early humans is a key event after their spread out of Africa, but the nature, timing and ecological context of the earliest human occupation of northwest Europe is uncertain and has been the subject of intense debate. The southern Caucasus was occupied about 1.8 million years (Myr) ago, whereas human remains from Atapuerca-TD6, Spain (more than 780 kyr ago) and Ceprano, Italy (about 800 kyr ago) show that early Homo had dispersed to the Mediterranean hinterland before the Brunhes-Matuyama magnetic polarity reversal (780 kyr ago). Until now, the earliest uncontested artefacts from northern Europe were much younger, suggesting that humans were unable to colonize northern latitudes until about 500 kyr ago. Here we report flint artefacts from the Cromer Forest-bed Formation at Pakefield (52 degrees N), Suffolk, UK, from an interglacial sequence yielding a diverse range of plant and animal fossils. Event and lithostratigraphy, palaeomagnetism, amino acid geochronology and biostratigraphy indicate that the artefacts date to the early part of the Brunhes Chron (about 700 kyr ago) and thus represent the earliest unequivocal evidence for human presence north of the Alps.