圆柱形界面端部奇异性分析与纤维压入试验

应用弹性力学奇异积分方程方法 ,对测定纤维增强复合材料界面粘接强度的纤维压入试验进行了研究 .依据奇异性分析得到的粘接完好的圆柱形界面端存在应力奇异性的结论 ,建议采用临界界面剪应力强度因子作为表征界面粘接强度的一种参数 ,并以此解释了碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料纤维压入试验的试验结果     

异种纯金属固-固界面化合反应初生相孕育期的动力学极限

以最小熵产生原理、昂色格倒易关系等线性不可逆过程热力学理论为基础建立模型，讨论了在扩散焊等温、等压条件下，一对可产生界面化合反应的固相纯金属，其连接界面演变初期，异种元素互扩散与界面化合反应两线性不可逆过程的相互关系；揭示了界面反应初生相孕育期在动力学上的必然性，得到了初生相孕育期的动力学极限以及初生相的动力学临界形核尺寸，并以Al-Mo界面反应为载体，对相关理论计算值与相应实验结果进行比较，证明了其理论分析的可靠性．     

反应合成Ag(111)/SnO2(200)复合材料界面结构的DFT研究

根据 HTEM 原位观察的 Ag/SnO₂ 电接触材料的两相界面结构, 建立了 Ag(111)/ SnO₂(200)界面结构模型. 原子驰豫位移的计算结果显示, 驰豫引起界面原子严重错排, 破坏了点阵周期性排列. 界面区的O与Ag原子为达到稳定结构而彼此有靠近的趋势, 界面的结构驰豫是材料系统降低能量的一种方式. 界面附近态密度表明界面对材料的导电性有很大影响, 界面 O 原子的存在引起了材料导电性下降. 界面区域电子云和布居分析表明, 在Ag/SnO₂界面结构中未形成 AgxOy 化合物, 且界面会导致电荷分布不均匀, 在整个材料系统内形成微电场, 影响电子传输和材料的导电性. 计算显示 Ag(111)/SnO₂(200)界面结合较强, 界面结合能约为−3.50 J/m².     

Euler方法中的模糊界面处理

针对Euler方法中的三维多介质界面处理问题, 把模糊数学方法引入到Euler方法中, 提出了模糊界面处理方法, 用于Euler方法中多介质计算问题、描述界面、设计输运方案及计算输运量; 以无黏性、无热传导的三维弹塑性流体动力学控制方程组为依据, 考虑固体的应力及应变, 对不同装药结构的射流进行了数值模拟, 证明了模糊界面方法对三维多介质计算是行之有效的.     

定向凝固界面形态演化及其稳定性的相场法研究

采用B—S相场模型研究了二元合金定向凝固过程中抽拉速度和温度梯度两种凝固参数对界面形态演化、溶质分布、溶质截留及界面稳定性的影响．模拟结果再现了随抽拉速度和温度梯度的变化凝固界面形态发生深胞→浅胞→平界面的演化过程，比较了不同抽拉速度和不同温度梯度下一次间距、沟槽深度以及有效溶质分配系数等参数，预测了高抽拉速度和高温度梯度条件下的绝对稳定性，模拟结果与M—S稳定性理论吻合良好．     

金属基复合材料界面层阻尼功能研究

采用CVD技术制备了具有不同界面层的C-f/Al金属基复合材料，获得了一种界面层阻尼功能设计的新方法. 研究发现具有特殊界面层的C-f/Al复合材料的抗拉强度、弹性模量和阻尼性能比无界面层时都有明显增加，并且不同界面层的效果不同. 碳层对复合材料阻尼性能的提高效果最大，硅层的提高效果不如碳层，碳硅混合层的效果居中. 涂层的厚度也影响了阻尼提高的效果，较厚的碳层效果更好，这是由于提高了复合材料的阻尼应变振幅效应而产生的. 研究认为发生在界面层的微滑移是其主要的阻尼机制.     

基于UDEC巷道掘进矿压显现的数值模拟

通过采用UDEC软件,依据钻孔柱状图和采掘应力影响范围建立了相应的几何模型,根据煤岩体物理力学性质建立相应的材料模型,在此基础上结合地应力数据,从而完成数值模型.通过模拟实际巷道开挖尺寸及方位,得出巷道前方的应力分布和巷道两帮位移分布,为巷道冲击地压显现防治提供了理论支持.     

单相合金凝固界面形态稳定非线性动力学理论

建立了单相合金凝固过程中固液界面扰动波振幅随时间变化的非线性动力学方程，解此方程，得到了在不同凝固条件下，随着凝固速度的增加，固液平界面失稳分岔后，胞枝晶开始稳定生长的条件，当固液界面向前推进速度较大即亚快速和快速凝固条件下，粗枝晶失稳分岔后，细支晶细胞晶开始稳定生长的条件，同时得出了稳定态胞晶、枝晶尖端的半径、固液界面干扰波的振幅和波长三者之间的关系式。     

粘结界面力学行为及其表征

胶接技术具有工艺简单、应力集中小、抗疲劳、耐腐蚀、密封性好等优点,在机械、建筑、电子、航空航天、医疗等诸多领域中广泛应用,但存在粘结强度相对较弱、界面强度影响因素较多等问题,故针对粘结界面力学行为及其表征技术开展研究具有重要的学术意义和应用价值.本文首先介绍粘结界面的破坏机理以及影响因素的相关研究,侧重于有关粘结界面强度和应力分析的理论和实验工作,然后针对粘结层存在一定程度的尺度依赖的现象,总结国内外在粘结层尺度效应方面的研究现状,最后介绍粘结界面在制备及服役期间可能产生的各类缺陷及其对粘结构件整体力学行为的影响.     

凝固平界面的非线性不稳定性与动力学分岔

采用对凝固平界面正弦式干扰被凸缘的曲率、温度及其梯度、溶质浓度及其梯度进行平均的方法，导出了正弦式干扰波振幅随时间演化的非线性力学方程。对该方程定态解的非线性不稳定性和动力学分岔分析结果表明：（1）平＝胞转变的动力学分岔方式因界面温度梯度大小的不同而不同；在小的界面温度梯度范围内为准亚临界－滞后分岔；中等温度梯度条件下为超界－滞后分岔；大的界面温度梯度条件下则为超临界分岔；（2）在快速凝固区，胞状界面向平界面的转变总是以超临界倒分岔的方式实现的。     

DSP上SCA波形组件接口的实现

设计实现了一种基于软件通信体系结构(SCA)的可移植DSP波形组件接口方案.基于容器和组件模型,设计高性能、规范化的DSP波形组件接口,提高了组件的可移植性和可复用性,从而在很大程度上提高了DSP波形的模块化程度.     

有机/无机杂化材料与多功能纤维研究进展

有机/无机杂化材料能够实现有机高分子材料与无机材料在纳米或分子水平上的复合,在发挥各自组分特性的同时,体现出特有的协同效应,如新性能、多功能.该原理同样适用于有机/有机杂化体系.随着产业用纤维材料的不断发展,其应用领域也随之拓展,开发新型高分子材料,实现纤维的多功能化成为研究热点.根据纤维多功能化的发展需求,结合有机/无机杂化机理,在分子水平上设计构筑杂化功能材料,采用结构设计、界面构筑的方法建立杂化功能材料与成纤高聚物杂化体系.以成纤高分子的结构设计及凝聚态控制、纳米纤维和低维纳米材料的结构可控制备及其功能化复合为例,简要介绍了有机/无机杂化原理在纤维多功能化方面的研究进展,最后提出了多功能化有机/无机杂化纤维的展望.     

基于单片机及USB接口数据采集系统的设计

从工程角度出发,介绍了一种数据采集存储系统的设计方法,采用单片机为微处理器,PHILIPS公司生产的PDIUSBD12为USB接口控制芯片,给出了该系统的电路硬件设计与软件的实现方法。解决了传统数据采集系统可靠性差、操作繁琐、采样速度低、成本高的缺点,可作为一种新型的数据采集存储系统。     

Diagnostic and therapeutic applications of azulenyl nitrone spin traps

Azulenyl nitrones have been recently demonstrated to constitute a new class of nitrone-based spin traps with the unprecedented capacity to tag free radicals by yielding characteristically colored and highly visible diamagnetic (and paramagnetic) spin adducts. In addition, a comparison of the oxidation potentials of azulenyl nitrones such as 1 and congeners to those of conventional nitrone spin traps previously investigated as potential antioxidant therapeutics such as N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone and its related ortho-sodium sulfonate reveals that the azulene-derived spin traps are far more readily oxidized. These special features render azulenyl nitrones of interest with regard to both their distinct ability to engender the convenient use of colorimetric detection to monitor free radical-mediated oxidative stress in biological systems, and to their potentially enhanced efficacy as neuroprotective antioxidants vs. those conventional nitrone spin traps earlier examined as such. Herein is reported an overview of recent developments pertaining to the use of azulenyl nitrones in the detection of oxidative stress in animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and stroke, and to their neuroprotective activity in animal models of Parkinson's disease, stroke and neurodegeneration within the retina.     

Does a lot help a lot? Forecasting stock returns with pooling strategies in a data‐rich environment

A variety of recent studies provide a skeptical view on the predictability of stock returns. Empirical evidence shows that most prediction models suffer from a loss of information, model uncertainty, and structural instability by relying on low‐dimensional information sets. In this study, we evaluate the predictive ability of various lately refined forecasting strategies, which handle these issues by incorporating information from many potential predictor variables simultaneously. We investigate whether forecasting strategies that (i) combine information and (ii) combine individual forecasts are useful to predict US stock returns, that is, the market excess return, size, value, and the momentum premium. Our results show that methods combining information have remarkable in‐sample predictive ability. However, the out‐of‐sample performance suffers from highly volatile forecast errors. Forecast combinations face a better bias–efficiency trade‐off, yielding a consistently superior forecast performance for the market excess return and the size premium even after the 1970s.     

Average conditional correlation and tree structures for multivariate GARCH models

We propose a simple class of multivariate GARCH models, allowing for time‐varying conditional correlations. Estimates for time‐varying conditional correlations are constructed by means of a convex combination of averaged correlations (across all series) and dynamic realized (historical) correlations. Our model is very parsimonious. Estimation is computationally feasible in very large dimensions without resorting to any variance reduction technique. We back‐test the models on a six‐dimensional exchange‐rate time series using different goodness‐of‐fit criteria and statistical tests. We collect empirical evidence of their strong predictive power, also in comparison to alternative benchmark procedures. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

超临界流体技术制备纳米材料进展

目前,已经有多种与超临界流体有关的技术用于纳米材料的制备。在这些技术方法中,超临界流体可以作为介质,也可以直接作为反应物来参与制备过程。超临界流体技术广泛应用于制备无机材料、有机材料、高分子聚合物、医药、电子等方面纳米级材料。本文概述了超临界流体制备纳米材料的研究和应用情况。     

移动拟合法在煤层界面插值中的应用研究

为了在构建三维矿床模型过程中,形成最佳逼近的煤层界面模型,将移动拟合法引入到煤层界面插值中。根据煤层的赋存条件以及原始采样数据的分布特点提出了参数优化选择的有效方法及适用条件,并通过数学方法改善病态矩阵,使待估区域中的插值结果精度更高。以某矿的煤层界面数据为样本,通过交叉检验确定权函数,进行空间插值以及三维可视化,比较真实地反映了矿床的基本特征,为矿床地质模型的建立提供了有力的数据支撑。     

Nanoparticle-based drug delivery: case studies for cancer and cardiovascular applications

Nanoparticles (NPs) comprised of nanoengineered complexes are providing new opportunities for enabling targeted delivery of a range of therapeutics and combinations. A range of functionalities can be included within a nanoparticle complex, including surface chemistry that allows attachment of cell-specific ligands for targeted delivery, surface coatings to increase circulation times for enhanced bioavailability, specific materials on the surface or in the nanoparticle core that enable storage of a therapeutic cargo until the target site is reached, and materials sensitive to local or remote actuation cues that allow controlled delivery of therapeutics to the target cells. However, despite the potential benefits of NPs as smart drug delivery and diagnostic systems, much research is still required to evaluate potential toxicity issues related to the chemical properties of NP materials, as well as their size and shape. The need to validate each NP for safety and efficacy with each therapeutic compound or combination of therapeutics is an enormous challenge, which forces industry to focus mainly on those nanoparticle materials where data on safety and efficacy already exists, i.e., predominantly polymer NPs. However, the enhanced functionality affordable by inclusion of metallic materials as part of nanoengineered particles provides a wealth of new opportunity for innovation and new, more effective, and safer therapeutics for applications such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases, which require selective targeting of the therapeutic to maximize effectiveness while avoiding adverse effects on non-target tissues.     

Rheological behavior of mammalian cells

Rheological properties of living cells determine how cells interact with their mechanical microenvironment and influence their physiological functions. Numerous experimental studies have show that mechanical contractile stress borne by the cytoskeleton and weak power-law viscoelasticity are governing principles of cell rheology, and that the controlling physics is at the level of integrative cytoskeletal lattice properties. Based on these observations, two concepts have emerged as leading models of cytoskeletal mechanics. One is the tensegrity model, which explains the role of the contractile stress in cytoskeletal mechanics, and the other is the soft glass rheology model, which explains the weak power-law viscoelasticity of cells. While these two models are conceptually disparate, the phenomena that they describe are often closely associated in living cells for reasons that are largely unknown. In this review, we discuss current understanding of cell rheology by emphasizing the underlying biophysical mechanism and critically evaluating the existing rheological models. Received 25 May 2008; received after revision 19 June 2008; accepted 1 July 2008