用X射线衍射法测定聚氨酯的结晶度

本文用X射线衍射法测定聚氨酯的结晶度,采用Farrow几何法对散射曲线进行分峰并对分峰法作了改进,用Hermans和Weidinger归一化法计算结晶度.归一化法摆脱了X射线衍射分析中强度因子的繁琐数学运算.实验结果表明,聚氨酯结晶度随着硬段链值的增加而增加.     

X射线衍射技术及其在材料表征实验的研究综述

X射线衍射技术是一种不损害材料、无污染、精确测量并能得到样品完整结构信息的测量技术,在材料研究的众多领域得以应用。该文主要介绍了X射线衍射的产生及其工作原理,从物相分析、应力测量、晶粒尺寸和结晶度测量等方面概述了该技术在材料结构表征中的应用。     

Eu2O3超微粒的X射线衍射研究

利用化学沉淀法制备了Ｅｕ（ＯＨ）３超微粒样品，将样品在空气中于不同温度下热处理２ｈ，得以了粒度不同的Ｅｕ２Ｏ３超微粒样品，采用Ｘ射线衍射方法对Ｅｕ２Ｏ３超微粒样品粒度及点阵参数ａ进行测定，结果表明，Ｅｕ２Ｏ３超微粒中存在晶格畸变。对超微粒中晶格畸变与粒度的关系进行了分析讨论。     

PbTiO3纳米粉体的制备与X射线衍射分析

以醋酸铅和钛酸丁酯为原料,甲醇为溶剂,冰醋酸为催化剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出PbT iO3干凝胶粉体,在高于450℃的不同温度下空气气氛中焙烧,得到PbT iO3纳米粉体.用X射线粉末衍射仪对粉体的晶态进行了表征,计算了不同焙烧温度下PbT iO3纳米晶的晶格常数和平均晶粒大小.分析表明:焙烧温度高于600℃时可形成单一四方相钙钛矿结构的PbT iO3纳米粉体,并且随热处理温度的升高,晶粒度增加.在450℃~800℃区间时,平均晶粒大小在35 nm~50 nm左右.     

钛酸钡纳米粉体的制备与X射线衍射分析

采用溶胶—凝胶法,以醋酸钡和钛酸丁酯为原料,冰醋酸为催化剂,制备了BaTiO3干凝胶,干凝胶在700℃以上温度焙烧,得到单一物相的BaTiO3纳米粉体.用X射线粉末衍射仪对粉体的晶态进行了表征,计算了BaTiO3粉体的晶格常数,以及不同焙烧温度下BaTiO3粉体的晶粒大小.分析表明:BaTiO3粉体随温度的升高,晶体结构由立方逐渐向四方转变,晶粒度增加,热处理温度在700℃~900℃时,平均晶粒在40 nm~80 nm范围.     

X射线衍射分析的实验方法及其应用

概要介绍了X射线衍射分析的原理及其相关理论，总结了X射线衍射的各种实验方法，对X射线衍射分析的应用分别进行了叙述，最后对X射线衍射分析的发展进行了展望。     

人体胆结石的X射线衍射分析

本文用 X 射线衍射法对人体胆结石的成分进行了分析研究,并结合电感耦合等离子体(ICP)光谱分析数据及红外光谱进行了分类鉴定,为确定胆结石的成分及类型提供了快速、简便的方法.     

用红外和X射线衍射技术研究炭分子筛

The results of the infrared analysis and the X-ray diffraction examination on carbon molecular sieves used for air separation are presented. An improved procedure for the production of carbon Sieve from coal is proposed.     

HoNiSn的X射线粉末衍射数据

给出指标化的ＨｏＮｉＳｎ相的Ｘ射线粉末衍射数据。该化事物属正交晶系，ａ＝７．０６５８（６）Ａ，ｂ＝７．６４５５（２）Ａ，ｃ＝４．４３９６（１）Ａ。每个晶胞有４个化合式量，空间群为Ｐｎａ２１。     

SrTiO_3薄膜的掠入射X射线衍射研究

采用掠入射X射线衍射技术研究了外延SrTiO3薄膜面内晶格应变随着深度的分布.研究发现不管是较薄的还是较厚的薄膜其面内晶格应变随深度的分布都不是连续变化的,而是可以分为三个区域,即表面区、应变驰豫区、界面区.     

X射线衍射及应用

1895年伦琴发现X射线.德国物理学家劳厄于1912年发现了X射线衍射现象,并导出了劳厄晶体衍射公式.紧接着,英国物理学家布拉格父子又将此衍射关系用简单的布拉格定律表示,使之易于接受.到本世纪四、五十年代,X射线衍射的原理、方法及在各方面的应用虽已建立,其应用范围已遍及物理、化学、地质学、生命科学,工程及材料科学等各个领域,在材料科学和工程方面的贡献尤为显著,本文扼要地叙述了X射线的原理、设备、方法及其应用.     

铋系超导体晶格振动的X射线衍射研究

本讨论了利用变温X射线衍射方法在液氮至室温温区上研究了Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3-xFexOy(x=0,0.08)铋系高温超导相晶格振动的动态行为。变温X射线的研究工作集中在（002）晶面上,它能反映与超导电性有密切关系的Bi-O层和Cu-O的晶格振动信息。在超导转变温度以上的120K附近温区上,（002）峰的衍射强度I（T）与晶格常数C（T）随温度变化的异常行为表明,在超导转变前（002）晶面出现了明显的晶格软化效应。     

New-corrected functions of X-ray powder diffraction

X-ray powder diffraction is an indispensable technique to study material structure, phase transition and so on. It is necessary for high quality diffraction data to get high-precision diffraction angle. This work proposed four corrected functions of X-ray powder diffraction angle. Two methods, linearization method and modified Levenberg-Marquardt iteration method, are given to solve the function parameters, and the modified Levenberg-Marquardt method has fast convergent speed and stable solution. Two methods can give closed parameters, including those of Lu, Liu, and Chu functions and polynomial. New-corrected functions were used to fit the diffraction angle error of the tetragonal rutile polycrystalline TiO2 mixed with Gd0.45Y2.55Sc2Ga3O12 as a standard sample, and the computation result indicates that these functions can characterize the diffraction error very well. In some cases, the new-corrected functions can describe the diffraction angle error better than the reported corrected functions. At the same time, the lattice parameter of Gdo.45Y2.55Sc2Ga3O12 was computed with two methods. When the corrected function parameters and lattice parameters were solved by the least square method, the interaction of the function parameters and lattice parameters would result in great error. However, when the X-ray diffraction angles were corrected by corrected functions using a standard sample, the authentic lattice parameters can be obtained by the least square fitting.     

结构因子的计算及晶格衍射消光规律

从理论上定义几何结构因子.结合定义介绍几种常见晶格几何结构因子的求法,并总结出一种针对复式晶格几何结构因子的更为简单的求法.最后以面心立方为例,对其X射线衍射曲线应用说明,并对该晶格衍射消光规律进行总结.     

Interactions between Copper Atoms and Rubber Molecules by X-ray Diffraction

In order to determine the interactions between copper atoms and rubber molecules, this article used X-ray diffraction to analyse the cure specimen of size materials mixed with copper powder for the first time, found the atomic nucleus distances between copper and atoms in rubber molecules were equal to 0.23169nm and 0.3043nm. 0.3043nm reflected the atomic distance between Cu and S under the action of Van der Waals force. 0.23169nm stated that there was chemical interaction between Cu atoms and rubber molecules.     

Content analyses in GaMnAs by double-crystal X-ray diffraction

A model for analyzing point defects in compound crystals was improved. Based on this modified model, a method for measuring Mn content in GaMnAs was established. A technique for eliminating the zero-drift-error was also established in the experiments of X-ray diffraction. With these methods, the Mn content in GaMnAs single crystals fabricated by the ion-beam epitaxy system was analyzed.     

多晶粉末样品热膨胀的X射线衍射测量

利用X射线衍射方法精确测量了2：17型稀土化合物Nd2AlFe15Mn的晶胞参数及热膨胀系数并研究了其结构特征．结果表明，室温下，Nd2AlFe15Mn化合物具有单相的Th2Zn17型菱方结构（空间群为R3m）．对该化合物晶格常数的测量误差可以达到10^-4，基本上可满足对一般位移型相变测量要求的精度．     

聚乙烯电缆皮形变结构的X射线衍射分析

对聚乙烯电缆皮室温单轴拉伸测试．当拉伸速度达到一定数值时,其应力（σ）-应变（ε）曲线出现"类屈服"现象．对不同形变程度（εi）的样品进行X射线衍射线形分析,结果表明,其微观畸变度（e）随形变度（ε）的变化与宏观σ-ε曲线变化规律相似．