Connective tissue reactions in experimentally induced hypertension

Zusammenfassung Histologische Untersuchungen verschiedener Gefässgebiete von renal hypertonischen Ratten zeigten keine Abhängigkeit der Gefäßschäden vom Verlauf des Hochdruckes. Typische Gefässveränderungen für den experimentellen Hochdruck sind auch bei solchen Tieren zu finden, deren systolischer Druck trotz Einengen einer Nierenarterie nicht signifikant anstieg. Die Bindegewebsreaktion gegenüber einem Fremdkörper wird gesteigert. Es wird unterschieden zwischen Faktoren, die für die Hochdruckentstehung, und solchen, die für eine Umstimmung des Mesenchyms verantwortlich sind. Beide Prozesse können methodisch gleichartig ausgelöst werden. Es sind sexualspezifische Unterschiede vorhanden, da im allgemeinen Weibchen zu einer verstärkten Blutdruckreaktion, Männchen dagegen zu vermehrten Gefäßschädigungen neigen, besonders zu sklerotischen Veränderungen. Bei Klammerung einer Nierenarterie führt die gleichzeitige Exstirpation der zweiten Niere zu einer Änderung des Hochdrucks in qualitativer Hinsicht.

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Dedicated to ProfessorRolf Meier on the occasion of his 60th birthday.     

Regional hematocrit ratio and interstitial fluid volume in the normal rat

Résumé La détermination, dans les tissus, du volume globulaire et plasmatique, ainsi que de l'hématocrite, doit être pratiquée après un temps de mélange approprié et en évitant les erreurs dues à la variation locale de la concentration d'indicateur. Les valeurs normales sont fort différentes pour les divers organes étudiés et ne peuvent pas être calculés à partir des résultats obtenus par la mesure de l'hématocrite ou des volumes plasmatiques et globulaires corporels dans le sang artériel.     

Mechanisms of coronary vasoconstriction induced by Na arachidonate in experimentally diabetic dogs

Summary Na arachidonate (NaA) enhanced the resting basal tone of isolated coronary arteries from diabetic dogs and depressed it in coronary arteries from normal controls. Inhibitors of thromboxane A₂ biosynthesis and of lipoxygenases abolished the vasoconstrictor effect of NaA on diabetic arteries, whereas inhibitors of cyclooxygenase activity and PGI₂ biosynthesis blocked the vasodilating action of NaA on normal arteries.This work has been supported by grant 6638 from CONICET (Argentina).     

Streptozotocin induced diabetic nephropathy and renal tumors in the rat

Summary Adult Wistar rats rendered diabetic by a single dose of streptozotocin develop renal morphological changes which show subtle differences compared to those seen in human diabetic renal disease. The early tubular degeneration is sited in the distal rather than the proximal convoluted tubule and subsequent glomerular lesion shows linear deposits of IgG and albumin in the basement membrane rather than in the mesangium. The carcinogenicity of streptozotocin in the rat is reconfirmed.Acknowledgements. We wish to thank Mr S.G. Watkins and Mrs D. Greening for technical assistance.     

The role of volume expansion,of prostaglandins and catecholamines in the development of acute renal failure

Summary A single injection either of isotonic or hypertonic saline solutions protected rats against acute renal failure (ARF) induced with glycerol. This protection was accompanied by increased urinary prostaglandin E (PGE) concentration. On the contrary, a single s.c. injection either of hypotonic saline or isotonic glucose solution, which did not increase urinary PGE concentration, or depletion of the endogenous catecholamines, using reserpine, did not protect the animals against acute renal failure.The authors wish to thank Miss Sylvie Bompis and Miss Ermione-Loukia Ghikas for their technical assistance and Mr Richard Irvine B.A. for his help with the English.     

On the role of the decreased renal vascular resistance in the mechanism of volume natriuresis

Summary Acute hypohysectomy (AH) prevented the increase of the cardiac output, renal cortical blood flow (e.g. the decrease of the renal vascular resistance) and renal sodium excretion during the ECFV expansion. The non-occurrence of natriuresis in AH rats is suggested as being partly in causal relation to the inability to decrease the renal vascular resistance and thus to increase the peritubular hydrostatic pressure.Expert technical assistance of Mrs.E. Blaková, J. Kyselicová and Mr.. Kaloai is sincerely acknowledged.     

Imbalance in the activities of alkaline phosphatase and Na+-K+-ATPase in the brain of experimentally induced phenylketonuric squirrels (Funambulus palmarum)

Summary Phenylketonuric squirrels have shown marked inhibition of alkaline phosphatatase in the olfactory lobes and cerebral hemispheres, whereas the Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase remained less altered. In the pathogenesis of phenylketonuria inhibition of alkaline phosphatase at the level of Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB), leads transport system to impaired functioning.This work was done in the Department of Zoology, University of Udaipur, Udaipur-313001, India.     

Imbalance in the activities of alkaline phosphatase and Na+-K+-ATPase in the brain of experimentally induced phenylketonuric squirrels (Funambulus palmarum).

Phenylketonuric squirrels have shown marked inhibition of alkaline phosphatase in the olfactory lobes and cerebral hemispheres, whereas the Na+-K+-ATPase remained less altered. In the pathogenesis of phenylketonuria inhibition of alkaline phosphatase at the level of "Blood-Brain Barrier" (BBB), leads transport system to impaired functioning.     

加替沙星-壳聚糖纳米粒胶联羊膜药膜的制备及体外实验研究

目的制备一种新型生物多功能复合材料——加替沙星．壳聚糖纳米粒胶联羊膜药膜,并观察其体外缓释性能及抑菌作用。方法采用离子胶联法制备加替沙星－壳聚糖纳米粒并检测其表征,然后将栽药纳米粒加入到纤维蛋白胶中,混匀后再与羊膜胶联制成加替沙星－壳聚糖纳米粒胶联羊膜药膜,光镜及扫描电镜下观察其形态学特征,高效液相色谱法测定其中加替沙星的浓度,微量肉汤稀释法检测其体外抑菌活性。结果加替沙星纳米粒的粒径为291±33nm,载药量为10．46％,包封率为61．32％。载有纳米药物的纤维蛋白胶与羊膜基底面粘合紧密,呈圆形的加替沙星纳米粒附着在胶原纤维的网状结构上。在体外,加替沙星－壳聚糖纳米粒胶联羊膜药膜可持续释药达15天,对金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为0．05μg／ml和0．42μg／ml。结论加替沙星－壳聚糖纳米粒胶联羊膜药膜在体外具有良好的缓释性能及抑茵作用。     

Ureteral contractions induced by rat urine in vitro: Probable involvement of renal kallikrein

Summary Rat urine, even at a 110 final dilution in Tyrode's solution, stimulates contraction of the ureteral musculature in vitro. This effect can be ascribed to the presence of kallikrein or a kallikrein-like enzyme in urine. Isometric contractions of ureters were prevented by previous addition of aprotinin to the organ bath. Urine also lost its activity after inactivation of enzymes by heat or acid treatment.Acknowledgments. Aprotinin (Trasylol^®) was kindly supplied by Baypropharm, Köln, W.-Germany. This work was supported by the German Research Foundation (SFB 90).     

Observations on the renal clearance and the volume of distribution of polyfructosan-S,a new inulin-like substance

Zusammenfassung Es wird über die renale Clearance und das Verteilungsvolumen einer neuen inulinartigen Substanz, Polyfructosan-S, die gegenüber Inulin einige Vorteile hat berichtet. Renale Clearance und Verteilungsvolumen von Polyfructosan-S entsprechen bei nierengesunden und nierenkranken nichtödematösen Personen den mit Inulin ermittelten Vergleichswerten.     

Presence of a slow-contraction inducing material in fluid collected from the rat paw oedema induced by serotonin

Zusammenfassung Ein biologisch aktives Prinzip in der Ödemflüssigkeit aus Rattenpfoten nach Serotoninbehandlung ist wahrscheinlich nicht Serotonin oder Acetylcholin, sondern zum geringeren Teil eine histaminähnliche, zum grösseren Teil jedoch eine Substanz, die ähnliche Eigenschaften wie Bradykinin zeigt.     

The effect of parabiosis and fluid restriction on the development of azo dye induced rat liver tumors

Résumé Chez le rat, le développement des tumeurs du foie est ralenti lorsqu'on met les individus atteints en parabiose avec des individus normaux et arrêté si l'on réduit leur ration d'eau. Mais il semble que dans les deux cas, ces effets ont pour cause déterminante la diminution de la nourriture consommée.

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This research was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (6139) and an institutional grant from the American Cancer Society.