膜分离技术在D-核糖分离提取中的应用

采用超滤和反渗透技术对D-核糖提取工艺进行了优化.实验表明,采用截留分子量为50 000的聚醚砜超滤膜对发酵液进行超滤,通量在202～210 L·m-2·h-1.D-核糖的发酵液经超滤后,滤液质量相对于传统板框过滤得到较大提高,透光率提高2倍以上.采用反渗透技术对树脂解析液进行预浓缩是可行的,反渗透过程的通量在15 L·m-2·h-1出现拐点.通过反渗透将糖度浓缩到11%～12%比较适宜,运行成本较传统三效蒸发法降低60%以上.超滤和反渗透单元的膜通量稳定,通过简单的化学清洗可以恢复通量.     

利用陶瓷膜和超滤膜组合技术分离纯化天然牛磺酸

运用陶瓷膜和超滤膜组合技术对杂色蛤(Ruditapes philippinarum)蒸煮汤汁中的牛磺酸进行分离纯化,再经浓缩、醇沉、结晶、重结晶等步骤获得高纯度天然牛磺酸。利用高效液相色谱法测定牛磺酸纯度,并对其进行扫描电镜分析和急性毒性试验。结果显示,截留孔径为0.2 μm的陶瓷膜在平均压力0.24 MPa、平均温度 30 ℃、自然pH值下运行120 min后,平均膜通量为32.86 L /(m2·h),牛磺酸损失率为4.99%;截留分子质量为 100 ku 的超滤膜在平均压力 0.84 MPa、平均温度 30 ℃、自然pH值下运行 210 min后,平均膜通量为19.97 L /(m2·h),牛磺酸损失率为 5.51%。再经浓缩、醇沉、结晶处理后,可从10 L杂色蛤蒸煮汤汁中获得纯度为 84%的天然牛磺酸 18.87 g,重结晶后得纯度为98.7%的天然牛磺酸。扫描电子显微镜观测结果显示,天然牛磺酸晶体形态为长针状。急性毒性试验结果显示,天然牛磺酸的 LD50＞10 g/kg,属于实际无毒或无毒物质。     

超滤和纳滤集成膜技术纯化蒸汽爆破秸秆木 聚糖酶酶解液

为掌握蒸汽爆破秸秆木聚糖酶酶解液的超滤脱色和纳滤浓缩的集成膜技术,研究了两支不同截留相对分子质量的超滤膜脱除色素的工艺,测定了膜通量数据并取样检测色值和还原糖含量,得到脱色率和还原糖回收率,优选一支超滤膜用于脱色;采用截留相对分子质量为150的纳滤膜浓缩超滤工艺的透过液,提高糖液浓度.集成膜工艺的脱色率达到63.6%(对原料液的色值),总还原糖回收率达到92.1%(对原料液的还原糖),说明超滤和纳滤集成膜技术可以脱除蒸汽爆破秸秆木聚糖酶酶解液内的色素,提高糖液的浓度,并且膜通量较高.     

膜分离技术在霉酚酸提取中的应用

利用陶瓷膜和纳滤膜的组合分离技术代替板框对霉酚酸发酵液的过滤,对霉酚酸发酵液进行澄清和浓缩实验.采用陶瓷膜(0.1μm)和S-372纳滤膜技术对霉酚酸发酵液进行研究,研究了膜系统的通量、加水倍数和浓缩倍数等因素对膜分离性能的影响.在陶瓷膜加水4倍时,霉酚酸的收率可达96.5%,平均通量可达160~180 L/(m2·h);纳滤对霉酚酸的截留率和收率均达到98%,霉酚酸效价可浓缩到21 g/L,通量为25 L/(m2·h)左右,与板框滤液效价相比,提高了3.5倍.结果表明:陶瓷膜和纳滤膜的组合工艺在产品收率及产品质量方面都明显优于传统的板框过滤,具有良好的应用潜力.     

超滤膜处理P-RC APMP制浆废水

研究影响超滤膜处理预处理盘磨化学处理碱性过氧化氢机械浆(P-RC APMP)制浆废水的各种因素,得出截留分子质量(MWCO)为2万～5万超滤膜的最佳操作条件.在确定的条件下,MWCO 2万～5万的超滤膜浓缩1 m3废水,耗电量为12.88 kW.h,平均膜通量为7.23 L/(m2.h),CODCr去除率为29.01%,BOD5去除率为9.09%,截留率为15.17%,浓缩液最大总固形物含量为12.11%,体积浓缩比为40.0.超滤后P-RC APMP制浆废水的可生化性得到改善.     

多通道TiO2超滤膜的制备及其在印染废水中的应用

以多通道α-Al2O3陶瓷微滤膜为支撑体,采用溶胶凝胶法制备完整TiO2超滤膜.通过扫描电镜(SEM)表征膜的形貌,采用错流过滤方式考察膜的纯水通量、截留相对分子质量及分离性能.结果表明:制备的多通道TiO2超滤膜,其膜层表面完整,无裂缝、针孔等缺陷且厚度均匀,纯水通量为1.08×10-3L/(m2·h·Pa),截留相对分子质量为9000.对直接黑OB染料及退浆废水中聚乙烯醇(PVA)的截留率均达到99%以上,截留效果显著.     

芦荟丁蔗糖浸泡液中蔗糖的回收

为循环利用蔗糖溶液,减轻污水处理系统负荷,采用超滤、一级纳滤、二级纳滤的膜组合工艺,去除芦荟丁蔗糖浸泡液中的杂质,实现蔗糖回收。实验结果表明,超滤系统蔗糖回收率达到99%,平均通量为88 L·(m2·h)-1;一级纳滤系统的蔗糖回收率为95%,平均通量为111 L·(m2·h)-1;二级纳滤系统蔗糖的回收率为99%,平均通量为205 L·(m2·h)-1;浸泡液中的蔗糖可浓缩至30%;膜芯清洗后,可以恢复原通量,有效实现芦荟深加工的节能减排。     

超滤分离纯化麦胚蛋白酶解物的研究

采用超滤法从麦胚蛋白酶解物中初步分离纯化抗氧化活性肽,考察了操作压力、操作温度及料液浓度等工艺参数对超滤过程中膜通量的影响,并对超滤前后麦胚蛋白酶解物的相对分子质量分布、氨基酸组成及抗氧化活性进行了比较.结果表明:采用截留相对分子质量3000的聚砜膜对麦胚蛋白酶解物进行超滤分离的最适工艺条件为操作压力0.30 MPa、操作温度20 ℃、麦胚蛋白酶解物浓度35 g/L;超滤有效地除去了料液中相对分子质量较大的组分,麦胚蛋白酶解物中相对分子质量1 000～500及500～130的组分分别为23.81%、48.63%,其抗氧化活性得到提高,清除O2-·的IC50由超滤前的1.64 mg·mL-1降至超滤后的1.29 mg·mL-1.图5,表3,参13.     

“超滤/混凝-Fenton+反渗透”处理垃圾渗滤液生化出水

为降低垃圾渗滤液反渗透膜的处理负荷和运行成本,对渗滤液生化出水分别进行超滤和混凝-Fenton预处理,并对其出水进行反渗透膜污染评价。结果表明:超滤出水的膜通量由27 L/(m~2·h)降至14 L/(m~2·h),混凝-Fenton则由40 L/(m~2·h)降至30 L/(m~2·h);超滤出水的脱盐率仅有50%左右,混凝-Fenton则稳定在80%以上,后期略有下降;混凝-Fenton出水的COD去除率由72.6%逐渐上升至90.4%,超滤出水的COD去除率则由89.3%下降至76.1%;反渗透对两种处理的浊度去除率均达到90%以上。可见混凝-Fenton对水样的预处理效果优于超滤的,并能削弱浓差极化现象,提升反渗透的处理性能。"混凝-Fenton+反渗透"深度处理渗滤液是一种有效降低反渗透膜负荷、延长膜运行周期的组合工艺。     

超滤对苜蓿蛋白酶解物抗氧化性的影响

采用超滤法从苜蓿可溶性蛋白酶解物中初步分离纯化抗氧化活性肽.考察操作压力、操作温度及料液质量浓度对超滤过程中膜通量的影响,并对超滤前后苜蓿可溶性蛋白酶解物的相对分子质量分布、氨基酸组成及抗氧化活性进行比较.结果表明:采用截留相对分子质量3 000的聚砜膜对苜蓿可溶性蛋白酶解物进行超滤分离的最适工艺条件为操作压力0.35 Mpa、操作温度25 ℃、苜蓿可溶性蛋白酶解物质量浓度35 g/L;超滤有效地除去了料液中相对分子质量较大的组分,相对分子质量 1 000～500,500～130及130以下的组分分别从21.85%,21.64%和4.91%提高到27.91%,30.83%和7.61%,其抗氧化活性也得到提高.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with