高耐候、耐污外墙乳胶涂料的配方设计

在对影响建筑外墙乳胶涂料的耐候性和耐沾污性的3个重要因素颜基比(P/B)、颜料体积浓度(PVC)和基料分析的基础上,进行高耐候、耐污外墙乳胶涂料的配方设计研究.试验结果表明外墙乳胶涂料的遮盖力、耐沾污性随P/B的增大而提高,并且耐候性、耐沾污性在P/B为3.0时有最佳值;在保证PVC相似文献   

Nano-SiO2／N烯酸酯核壳乳液制备及外墙涂料耐沾污性

采用种子乳液聚合技术制备了nano-SiO2／丙烯酸酯核壳复合乳液，并以此乳液配制耐沾污外墙乳胶涂料。研究了nano-SiO2掺量和壳层丙烯酸酯聚合物玻璃化温度对乳液成膜和外墙涂料耐沾污性的影响。结果表明，相比较纯丙乳液和纯丙与胶体SiO2共混乳液，以nano-SiO2／丙烯酸酯核壳复合乳液配制的外墙乳胶涂料在漆膜致密性、硬度、耐水性、耐沾污性等方面都大大改善。SiO2最佳掺量为乳液配方总量的5％左右，高于此掺量，乳液的稳定性大大降低，漆膜变得硬而脆。随着壳层丙烯酸聚合物Tg的降低，乳液最低成膜温度显著降低，但漆膜耐沾污性也随之较大幅度降低。     

Nano-SiO2/丙烯酸酯核壳乳液制备及外墙涂料耐沾污性

采用种子乳液聚合技术制备了nano-SiO2/丙烯酸酯核壳复合乳液,并以此乳液配制耐沾污外墙乳胶涂料.研究了nano-SiO2掺量和壳层丙烯酸酯聚合物玻璃化温度对乳液成膜和外墙涂料耐沾污性的影响.结果表明,相比较纯丙乳液和纯丙与胶体SiO2共混乳液,以nano-SiO2/丙烯酸酯核壳复合乳液配制的外墙乳胶涂料在漆膜致密性、硬度、耐水性、耐沾污性等方面都大大改善.SiO2最佳掺量为乳液配方总量的5%左右,高于此掺量,乳液的稳定性大大降低,漆膜变得硬而脆.随着壳层丙烯酸聚合物Tg的降低,乳液最低成膜温度显著降低,但漆膜耐沾污性也随之较大幅度降低.     

核壳乳液的制备及其在耐沾污外墙涂料中的应用

针对普通丙烯酸外墙乳胶涂料耐沾污性不足的缺陷,采用种子乳液聚合技术合成了内软外硬型丙烯酸酯核壳复合乳液和壳层含氟的丙烯酸酯核壳复合乳液.并采用自制乳液配制了外墙乳胶涂料,研究了核壳乳液对外墙涂料耐沾污性的影响.结果表明,与常规均相结构丙烯酸酯乳胶粒子相比,采用上述核壳乳胶粒子制备的外墙乳胶涂料耐沾污性得到大幅度提高.通过在壳层聚合时加入一定量的氟单体,核壳乳液涂膜的表面接触角和疏水性显著提高,漆膜吸水率明显降低,使得涂料的耐沾污性得到显著改善.由于氟组分主要分布于壳层,含量很少就可获得显著改性效果.     

含氟乳液的制备及其热反射涂料的性能评价

合成一种含氟丙烯酸酯乳液,首先采用常规乳液聚合法考察了乳液合成工艺对乳液性能的影响,然后采用种子乳液聚合法研究了核壳层质量比对乳液和成膜物性能的影响。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、降温值及耐沾污等级和反射率降低率分别表征涂层形貌、降温效果及耐沾污性能。结果表明,当预乳化转速300 r/min,聚合反应转速200 r/min,反应温度85℃时所得乳液性能较优。核壳层质量比为7∶1时,乳液稳定性好且成膜物疏水性和耐水性较好。以该乳液为成膜基料制备的热反射涂料,平整性较好,TiO_2、SiO_2粒子分散均匀,具有良好的降温效果、耐水性和耐沾污性能。     

纳米TiO2涂膜水敏感性对涂料耐沾污性能的影响

利用TiO2的光催化活性来改善涂料涂层的耐沾污性能是近年来的研究热点。采用水热法制备亲水型纳米TiO2和疏水型纳米TiO2,并采用XRD和TEM对所制备材料进行表征,结果表明：二者均为锐钛型TiO2,其中亲水型TiO2的粒径约为40 nm,疏水型TiO2的粒径约为7 nm。将所制备的TiO2喷涂在涂料表面,分别制得超亲水型和超疏水型纳米涂层,利用接触角测定仪测定纳米涂层的亲水角度,探讨水接触角对涂料耐沾污性能的影响。结果表明：超亲水涂层和超疏水涂层均能够较明显地改善涂料的耐沾污性能,而超疏水涂层的耐沾污性能优于超亲水涂层。     

涂层对燃用准东煤锅炉受热面沾污特性的影响

新疆准东煤的强沾污结渣特性严重制约和影响了锅炉的安全稳定运行,采用锅炉受热面表面涂层是降低准东煤沾污的有效手段之一。为此,在一维沉降炉试验台上重点研究了烟气温度、涂层材料对受热面管沾污、传热特性的影响规律。研究结果表明:涂层可减缓准东煤灰在受热面表面上的沾污速率,减低灰污阻力系数。实验采用涂层A、涂层B和光管相比,750℃时,其沾污系数分别降低19.6%和7.1%;850℃时,其沾污系数分别降低24.73%和10.22%;950℃时,其沾污系数分别降低21.84%和34.29%。通过对沾污层灰样的分析测试,涂层材料对沾污层组份无明显影响,表明涂层对减缓沾污的效果以物理作用为主。     

织物洗涤沾污性能的研究

分析了洗涤过程中纤维沾污织物的机理,并进行了实验测试研究.测试结果表明,织物表面毛羽状态、洗涤剂浓度、漂洗转速和其他衣物上因摩擦而掉入洗涤液中的纤维数量均影响衣物洗涤沾污性能.     

半导体芯片紫外荧光无损检测

Fe、Na、Ni等金属杂质对半导体器件芯片有严重的负面影响，往往导致器件失效，成品率下降，必须进行有效控制处理．采用紫外荧光(UVF)法可有效检测出硅晶片及半导体器件芯片(如GaP、GaAs等)的金属杂质沾污情况，还能检测金属杂质的相对沾污量，对半导体器件芯片的生产可实现实时非破坏性的检测分析．     

乙烯基硅氧烷-丙烯酸酯共聚物乳液及其涂膜性能研究

采用反应性乳化剂烷基乙烯基磺酸钠(DNS-86),合成了有机硅改性丙烯酸酯共聚乳液.用IR及DSC对共聚产物结构进行了表征;对所得的乳液及其涂膜,考察了其表面张力、粒子大小及分布、储存稳定性、耐热稳定性、耐水性、耐沾污性等性能.结果表明:在丙烯酸树脂链上引入有机硅单体制得的硅丙乳液可明显提高涂膜的耐水、耐热稳定及耐沾污性,可望用作高档外墙涂料使用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the