Experimental long-lived entanglement of two macroscopic objects

Entanglement is considered to be one of the most profound features of quantum mechanics. An entangled state of a system consisting of two subsystems cannot be described as a product of the quantum states of the two subsystems. In this sense, the entangled system is considered inseparable and non-local. It is generally believed that entanglement is usually manifest in systems consisting of a small number of microscopic particles. Here we demonstrate experimentally the entanglement of two macroscopic objects, each consisting of a caesium gas sample containing about 1012 atoms. Entanglement is generated via interaction of the samples with a pulse of light, which performs a non-local Bell measurement on the collective spins of the samples. The entangled spin-state can be maintained for 0.5 milliseconds. Besides being of fundamental interest, we expect the robust and long-lived entanglement of material objects demonstrated here to be useful in quantum information processing, including teleportation of quantum states of matter and quantum memory.     

Dynamics of a qubit—TLS system under resonant microwave driving

We demonstrate the effect of different coupling strengths between a microscopic two-level system(TLS)and a microwave field on the dynamics of a qubit—TLS system when the bipartite system is subject to resonant microwave driving.Rabi beating with a different TLSmicrowave coupling strength is demonstrated in simulations.Entanglement,quantified by the concurrence between the qubit and TLS,both for pure states and mixed states,is simulated.When decoherence is considered,entanglement of the bipartite system oscillates with damping and exhibits entanglement sudden death and/or entanglement sudden death and revival.     

横磁场中各向同性XY链的基态纠缠研究

分析了横磁场中各向同性XY自旋链的基态能量和纠缠问题。研究发现,三量子比特系统中存在一个相变点,此点上,基态能量和纠缠可发生量子相变,基态从W态进入非纠缠;而四量子比特系统存在两个相变点,基态的能量和纠缠均可在相变点处发生量子相变,使纠缠性质发生改变。随着磁场强度的增大,基态纠缠逐渐减小,直到完全消失。四比特系统纠缠的减小要比三比特系统纠缠减小的速度缓慢。     

Quantum coherence and entanglement with ultracold atoms in optical lattices

At nanokelvin temperatures, ultracold quantum gases can be stored in optical lattices, which are arrays of microscopic trapping potentials formed by laser light. Such large arrays of atoms provide opportunities for investigating quantum coherence and generating large-scale entanglement, ultimately leading to quantum information processing in these artificial crystal structures. These arrays can also function as versatile model systems for the study of strongly interacting many-body systems on a lattice.     

光腔中二能级原子双模纠缠光场的制备

利用光腔中二能级原子模型制备出稳定的双模纠缠态，并且运用Duan等人提出的可分离判据对双模腔场的纠缠进行了分析．研究表明：纠缠的程度与单光子泵浦光强度、合作参量、失谐频率有关，并且纠缠最大，光子数也最大．     

波粒二象性研究新进展

介绍了微观粒子波粒二象性的最新实验验证；比较了经典和量子的波与粒子的联系与区别；论述了二象性的本质——量子态的纠缠．     

两量子比特海森堡XY模型中的热纠缠

研究外加非均匀磁场下包含交叉积项的两量子比特海森堡XY模型中的热纠缠,计算了纠缠度量:C.仔细讨论存在交叉积项时非均匀磁场对基态纠缠和热纠缠的影响.     

Mapping photonic entanglement into and out of a quantum memory

Developments in quantum information science rely critically on entanglement-a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics that causes parts of a composite system to show correlations stronger than can be explained classically. In particular, scalable quantum networks require the capability to create, store and distribute entanglement among distant matter nodes by means of photonic channels. Atomic ensembles can play the role of such nodes. So far, in the photon-counting regime, heralded entanglement between atomic ensembles has been successfully demonstrated through probabilistic protocols. But an inherent drawback of this approach is the compromise between the amount of entanglement and its preparation probability, leading to intrinsically low count rates for high entanglement. Here we report a protocol where entanglement between two atomic ensembles is created by coherent mapping of an entangled state of light. By splitting a single photon and performing subsequent state transfer, we separate the generation of entanglement and its storage. After a programmable delay, the stored entanglement is mapped back into photonic modes with overall efficiency of 17%. Together with improvements in single-photon sources, our protocol will allow 'on-demand' entanglement of atomic ensembles, a powerful resource for quantum information science.     

非均匀磁场作用下四量子比特海森堡自旋链中的热纠缠

研究在外加非均匀磁场作用下的四量子比特海森堡XX模型中的纠缠特性,并得到具有周期性边界条件系统中纠缠度量的解析表达.发现能得到较高的成对纠缠,这意味着系统中的磁不均匀性可以提高某些量子比特对的热纠缠度.     

两全同二能级原子同时与真空腔场相互作用任意态的纠缠

应用负值量子条件熵,研究了在大失谐情况下,两全同二能级原子同时与一真空腔场相互作用任意态纠缠的时间演化.考察了统初态对两原子系之间量子纠缠的影响,并将结果与concurrence的时间演化作了比较.结果表明,负值条件熵能够作为该条件下两全同二能级原子同时与单模腔场相互作用任意态的,容易解析计算的纠缠度.图2,参12.     

关于纠缠纯态研究的新进展

对近来多粒子纯态的度量和分类方法研究的最新进展进行了总结．详细讨论了新纠缠度的定义，该定义可方便地用于判别一个量子纯态是否为纠缠态，并定量地解决了纯态纠缠的度量问题。     

Amplifying stationary quantum discord and entanglement between a superconducting qubit and a data bus by time-dependent electromagnetic field

We study the dynamics of quantum discord and entanglement between a superconducting qubit and a data bus,which is driven by a controllable time-dependent electromagnetic field,in the presence of phase decoherence and find that the quantum discord and entanglement remain at a stationary non-zero value for long time evolution.It is shown that the amount of stationary quantum discord and entanglement can be enhanced by applying the time-dependent electromagnetic field.     

具有Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya相互作用的XX模型中的热纠缠

研究两量子比特海森堡XX模型中热纠缠的性质.考虑自旋之间沿X和Y方向的Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM)相互作用,计算出两量子比特之间的共生纠缠度.研究结果表明:对于铁磁和反铁磁这两种情形,沿X和y方向的DM相互作用对热纠缠和临界温度的影响是不同的.因此选择和调整合适的X和Y方向的DM相互作用参数,可...     

Entanglement dynamics and transfer in a double Jaynes-Cummings model

We study the entanglement dynamics for a double Jaynes-Cummings model where two entangled atoms A and B locally interact with independent cavities a and b, respectively, but there are no interactions between locations Aa and Bb. We point out that there exists a parameter range in which simultaneous pairwise entanglement sudden death (ESD) for remote parties, i.e. AB, ab, Ab and Ba, may occur. We show that during this simultaneous ESD period various multipartite entanglement can be created. Our results imply that the pairwise entanglement between two independent locations may be transferred into other multipartite forms which account for the correlations between the two independent locations.     

Experimental extraction of an entangled photon pair from two identically decohered pairs

Entanglement is considered to be one of the most important resources in quantum information processing schemes, including teleportation, dense coding and entanglement-based quantum key distribution. Because entanglement cannot be generated by classical communication between distant parties, distribution of entangled particles between them is necessary. During the distribution process, entanglement between the particles is degraded by the decoherence and dissipation processes that result from unavoidable coupling with the environment. Entanglement distillation and concentration schemes are therefore needed to extract pairs with a higher degree of entanglement from these less-entangled pairs; this is accomplished using local operations and classical communication. Here we report an experimental demonstration of extraction of a polarization-entangled photon pair from two decohered photon pairs. Two polarization-entangled photon pairs are generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion and then distributed through a channel that induces identical phase fluctuations to both pairs; this ensures that no entanglement is available as long as each pair is manipulated individually. Then, through collective local operations and classical communication we extract from the two decohered pairs a photon pair that is observed to be polarization-entangled.     

球面分数霍尔效应的纠缠研究

纠缠的冯纽曼熵测量被用于研究球分数霍尔效应。数值计算表明,球分数霍尔效应为最大纠缠态。当系统中粒子数较多时,纠缠度的值（E）可用霍尔效应的填充因子（ν）表示：E～log21ν。     

耗散腔场中双光子Tavies-Cummings模型量子纠缠分析

用共生纠缠度度量的方法来研究两原子在耗散和非耗散腔场中的量子纠缠.研究结果表明：通过控制相互作用时间能够制备出最大纠缠态;且由于原子的双光子跃迁,导致双光子Tavies-Cummings模型是单光子Tavies-Cummings模型在制备最大纠缠态上所需要的时间的.且原子的自发辐射和腔场的损耗使得两原子的最大相干随时间呈周期性减小.     

利用动力学去耦合脉冲增大和调节量子相干性和三体纠缠

本文研究了动力学去耦合脉冲对腔量子电动力学系统中量子相干性, 量子失谐和量子纠缠的影响, 发现动力学去耦合脉冲不仅能够增大系统中两原子之间的量子相干性, 同时也能增大它们之间非经典关联（量子失谐和量子纠缠）. 同时, 凭借迹距离的方法, 探讨了动力学去耦合脉冲增大两原子之间量子相干性的原因, 通过探究可以看出动力学去耦合脉冲能够控制和加速量子信息从其他子系统回流到两个原子中去, 并减少两原子子系统和其他子系统之间的量子信息流动, 从而增加两原子间的量子相干性和非经典关联. 最后, 利用保真度的方法研究了系统中三体纠缠出现的情况, 结果显示在不同的时间, 系统中会出现三体纠缠, 特别值得指出的是, 可以通过动力学去耦合脉冲来调节和增加系统中三体纠缠出现的时间.     

非旋波近似下双光子J-C模型中的热态纠缠现象

利用共生纠缠度(Concurrence)研究了非旋波近似下,双光子J-C模型中原子和光场间的热态纠缠现象.结果表明:考虑虚光子跃迁时,该耦合系统可以形成纠缠且存在产生纠缠的临界温度Tc.当环境温度低于Tc时,原子和场之间存在纠缠,而且随着温度升高纠缠程度减弱.当环境温度高于Tc时,系统纠缠消失.并发现系统在一定温度下的纠缠特性与原子-实光场和原子-虚光场间的耦合系数(λ、ε)之比有关.     

时变磁场下杂质对Heisenberg XXX链纠缠特性的影响

使用协作参量(concurrence)推导了掺杂Heisenberg XXX链在受到外加时变磁场时纠缠度的表达式,并计算分析了该模型在杂质影响下的热纠缠和时间纠缠.随着杂质格点与正常格点之间的耦合强度J的增大,在不同的区间内,系统的纠缠特性明显不同,其中一种具有典型的过渡性质.在正常区间,系统的热纠缠表现出类似的演化性质,但其初始纠缠度和临界温度T c具有很大不同,系统的时间纠缠呈相似的周期性演化.在过渡区间,系统的热纠缠和时间纠缠与正常情况相比均产生了明显变化,体现出系统的复杂性.