Entanglement of single-atom quantum bits at a distance

Quantum information science involves the storage, manipulation and communication of information encoded in quantum systems, where the phenomena of superposition and entanglement can provide enhancements over what is possible classically. Large-scale quantum information processors require stable and addressable quantum memories, usually in the form of fixed quantum bits (qubits), and a means of transferring and entangling the quantum information between memories that may be separated by macroscopic or even geographic distances. Atomic systems are excellent quantum memories, because appropriate internal electronic states can coherently store qubits over very long timescales. Photons, on the other hand, are the natural platform for the distribution of quantum information between remote qubits, given their ability to traverse large distances with little perturbation. Recently, there has been considerable progress in coupling small samples of atomic gases through photonic channels, including the entanglement between light and atoms and the observation of entanglement signatures between remotely located atomic ensembles. In contrast to atomic ensembles, single-atom quantum memories allow the implementation of conditional quantum gates through photonic channels, a key requirement for quantum computing. Along these lines, individual atoms have been coupled to photons in cavities, and trapped atoms have been linked to emitted photons in free space. Here we demonstrate the entanglement of two fixed single-atom quantum memories separated by one metre. Two remotely located trapped atomic ions each emit a single photon, and the interference and detection of these photons signals the entanglement of the atomic qubits. We characterize the entangled pair by directly measuring qubit correlations with near-perfect detection efficiency. Although this entanglement method is probabilistic, it is still in principle useful for subsequent quantum operations and scalable quantum information applications.     

Topologically protected quantum bits using Josephson junction arrays

All physical implementations of quantum bits (or qubits, the logical elements in a putative quantum computer) must overcome conflicting requirements: the qubits should be manipulable through external signals, while remaining isolated from their environment. Proposals based on quantum optics emphasize optimal isolation, while those following the solid-state route exploit the variability and scalability of nanoscale fabrication techniques. Recently, various designs using superconducting structures have been successfully tested for quantum coherent operation, however, the ultimate goal of reaching coherent evolution over thousands of elementary operations remains a formidable task. Protecting qubits from decoherence by exploiting topological stability is a qualitatively new proposal that holds promise for long decoherence times, but its physical implementation has remained unclear. Here we show how strongly correlated systems developing an isolated twofold degenerate quantum dimer liquid ground state can be used in the construction of topologically stable qubits; we discuss their implementation using Josephson junction arrays. Although the complexity of their architecture challenges the technology base available today, such topological qubits greatly benefit from their built-in fault-tolerance.     

Demonstration of controlled-NOT quantum gates on a pair of superconducting quantum bits

Quantum computation requires quantum logic gates that use the interaction within pairs of quantum bits (qubits) to perform conditional operations. Superconducting qubits may offer an attractive route towards scalable quantum computing. In previous experiments on coupled superconducting qubits, conditional gate behaviour and entanglement were demonstrated. Here we demonstrate selective execution of the complete set of four different controlled-NOT (CNOT) quantum logic gates, by applying microwave pulses of appropriate frequency to a single pair of coupled flux qubits. All two-qubit computational basis states and their superpositions are used as input, while two independent single-shot SQUID detectors measure the output state, including qubit-qubit correlations. We determined the gate's truth table by directly measuring the state transfer amplitudes and by acquiring the relevant quantum phase shift using a Ramsey-like interference experiment. The four conditional gates result from the symmetry of the qubits in the pair: either qubit can assume the role of control or target, and the gate action can be conditioned on either the 0-state or the 1-state. These gates are now sufficiently characterized to be used in quantum algorithms, and together form an efficient set of versatile building blocks.     

Coherent manipulation of semiconductor quantum bits with terahertz radiation

Quantum bits (qubits) are the fundamental building blocks of quantum information processors, such as quantum computers. A qubit comprises a pair of well characterized quantum states that can in principle be manipulated quickly compared to the time it takes them to decohere by coupling to their environment. Much remains to be understood about the manipulation and decoherence of semiconductor qubits. Here we show that hydrogen-atom-like motional states of electrons bound to donor impurities in currently available semiconductors can serve as model qubits. We use intense pulses of terahertz radiation to induce coherent, damped Rabi oscillations in the population of two low-lying states of donor impurities in GaAs. Our observations demonstrate that a quantum-confined extrinsic electron in a semiconductor can be coherently manipulated like an atomic electron, even while sharing space with approximately 10(5) atoms in its semiconductor host. We anticipate that this model system will be useful for measuring intrinsic decoherence processes, and for testing both simple and complex manipulations of semiconductor qubits.     

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detection system and demonstration in quantum key distribution

We developed a superconducting nanowire single-photon detection(SNSPD) system based on Gifford-McMahon cryocooler for quantum communication applications.Environmental factors which may influence the system performance are intensively studied.Those factors include temperature fluctuations,the ambient magnetic field and the background radiation.By optimizing the bias circuit,the stability of SNSPD system to electrical noise and disturbance was effectively enhanced,thus making it more suitable for field application.A 4-channel SNSPD system with quantum efficiency higher than 4% at the dark count rate of 10 Hz for λ=1550 nm is integrated and applied into a quantum key distribution(QKD) experiment.QKD was successfully carried out over 100 km optical fiber with the final secure key rate of 1.6 kbps and the quantum bit error rate of less than 2%.     

超导电力技术

超导技术在电力领域的应用研究已受到广泛关注。一些示范样机,诸如超导输电电缆、变压器、故障电流限制器、电机和储能装置已经研制成功并投入示范性试验。本文综述了超导技术在电力应用方面的研究进展,并对今后的发展前景进行了简要分析。     

16bits比较器的VHDL仿真

随着计算机软硬件技术及超大规模集成电路技术的发展,电子设计自动化(EDA)逐渐取代了传统的电子设计方法,而成为现代电子设计的基本手段。仿真是EDA技术的典型特征,从一个既定的设计任务(16bits比较器)开始,从设计构思、在EDA仿真软件(Modelsim SE 5．6)平台上编写VHDL仿真软件、进行仿真测试等方面全面地介绍了进行系统计算机仿真的全过程。     

镐形截齿应力分布规律研究

利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对AM50型掘进机的镐形截齿进行应力分析得出镐形截齿的应力分布图.为了解镐形截齿内的应力分布规律,进一步改善镐形截齿的受力状况,提高镐形截齿设计质量和延长其使用寿命找到一条途径.     

刀翼式PDC钻头的侧向力平衡设计

聚晶金刚石(PDC)钻头的侧向不平衡力是造成钻头涡动的主要原因之一,而侧向不平衡力取决于钻头的布齿结构,通过合理的布齿结构设计,可有效地控制侧向不平衡力的大小。在对PDC钻头进行受力分析的基础上,建立了PDC钻头受力计算模型,提出了通过调整刀翼周向位置使钻头的侧向不平衡力达到最小的优化设计方法。利用该方法进行了实例计算,结果表明,该设计方法能将PDC钻头的侧向不平衡力控制在钻压的1%以内。     

256比特以下整数乘法的快速实现

提出一种新的适用于256比特以下的整数乘法的软件实现方式,用软件实现大整数乘法时,一般采用所谓“纸笔运算”的方式,这种方式要求在内存中开辟一个区域来存放运算的中间结果,新的实现方式调整了乘法运算的步骤,充分地利用了寄存器组,几乎不需要用内存来存放中间结果,有效地减少了对内存访问的次数,从而提高了速度。     

螺旋钻采煤机钻头的运动参数研究

为了研究螺旋钻采煤机钻头的运动参数对钻采的影响,采用数学建模的方法对该问题进行研究,通过钻头载荷的分析,建立钻采稳定性模型,螺旋钻采煤机的钻头运动参数是整机的钻采稳定性的重要因素.通过编制计算机程序,根据稳定性与载荷谱的模拟程序,求得运动参数的稳定性指标,对研究螺旋钻采煤机钻头运动参数具有较好的参考价值.     

聚晶金刚石复合片(PDC)钻头的失效分析

对PDC钻井钻头的失效形式进行了分析，并对每种失效形式的形成机理进行了研究，结果表明，PDC钻头切削齿的微断屑、宏观破裂及剥离失效形式是造成PDC钻头早期失效的主要形式和原因，预防PDC钻头的早期失效，应从设计、材料制造及使用方面采取改进措施。     

刀翼式PDC钻头的侧向力平衡设计

聚晶金刚石(PDC)钻头的侧向不平衡力是造成钻头涡动的主要原因之一，而侧向不平衡力取决于钻头的布齿结构，通过合理的布齿结构设计，可有效地控制侧向不平衡力的大小。在对POC钻头进行受力分析的基础上，建立了POC钻头受力计算模型，提出了通过调整刀翼周向位置使钻头的侧向不平衡力达到最小的优化设计方法。利用该方法进行了实例计算，结果表明，该设计方法能将POC钻头的侧向不平衡力控制在钻压的1％以内。