DNP-Aminosäuren

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

PTH-Aminosäuren

Summary Methods for the identification of DNP-and PTH-amino acids are improved by application of thin-layer chromatography using Kieselgel G. The advantages over paperchromatography are better resolution, increased sensitivity and time-saving.     

Chelate aus Diarylborinsäuren undβ-Ketosäureestern

Summary Diarylborinic acids form stable chelates with-keto acid esters. Borinic acids, when being synthetized, can be stabilized in compounds resulting from the combination with-keto acid esters. The chelates so formed are suitable—like the free borinic acids or their anhydrides—for further transformation. These chelates have several advantages in comparison with those formed with-amino ethanol.     

Chemie und Stoffwechsel der Polyenfettsäuren

Summary The chemical structure of the polyenoic fatty acids occuring in organ phosphatides and in fish oils is reviewed. The double bonds of all these polyenoic acids are arranged in divinylmethane pattern. Except some of the C₁₆-polyenoic acids of fish oils, these polyenoic acids belong either to the oleic, linoleic or linolenic acid type and have chain lengths C₁₈, C₂₀, and C₂₂. Polyenoic acids of the oleic acid type are present only in small amounts in phosphatides of mammalian origin. Fish oils are lacking in these but predominantly contain polyenoic acids of the linolenic acid type.Metabolic studies have shown that polyenoic acids of linoleic acid type (e.g. arachidonic acid) originate from linoleic acid and those of the linolenic acid type (e.g. C₂₀-pentaenoic and C₂₂-hexaenoic acid) from linolenic acid-both supplemented exogenous-by extension of the carbon chain by acetate on the side of the carboxylic acid group and introduction of additional double bonds in the divinylmethane pattern directed toward the carboxylic acid group. There is some evidence, however, that a total synthesis of the polyenoic acids of the oleic acid type occurs in the animal body.The transformation of linolenic to C₂₂-hexaenoic acid and some intermediate reactans have been investigated more precisely by means of the tracer method. As far as the biosynthesis of the polyenoic fatty acids is concerned there are no fundamental differences in different vertebrates.

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Nach einem Vortrag auf der gemeinsamen Tagung der deutschen, französischen und schweizerischen Biochemiker in Zürich vom 10.–12. Oktober 1960.     

Gallen und Gallensäuren Papierchromatographische Untersuchungen

Summary In cases of bile-scretion disturbances substitution-therapy can be performed using suitable animal biles equivalent to human bile. Comparative investigations have been made to establish which animal bile is in practice the most suitable for bile substitutiontherapy based on its bile acid components.A new paper partition chromatographic method has been applied for separation and identification of free bile acids. Ascending development was used on Schleicher & Schüll 2043b Mgl paper impregnated with 20 v/v% propylene glycol in chloroform. The xylene-methylethylketone 1:1 solvent system gave good separation. The bile acids can be detected by immersing the chromatograms in 20 w/v% SbCl₃ in chloroform followed by drying and heating for 5–10 min at 100–110°C. The spots show intense reddish-violet or blue fluorescence in filtered UV-light (see Table 1).These investigations have shown that human and ox biles are, in contrast to pig bile, physiologically related biological substances regarding their bile acid components.     

Dünnschicht-Chromatographie von Aminosäuren

Summary Amino acid separation with 6 different solvents on chromatoplates prepared from Kieselgel G (Merck) is described. As demonstrated in Figur 8 and discussed in the text, this technique is equal or superior to paper chromatography.     

Papier-Elektrochromatographie der Aminosäuren des Blutserums

Summary A simple method for paper-electrochromatography of free aminoacids of blood serum is given. In the first direction of the separation a normal apparatus for paper electrophoresis of serum proteins at low voltage is used. The aminoacids are separated into neutral, acid and basic components according to their mobility in the electric field, and are separated in the second direction by means of the descending technique on a chromatogram sewn to the electropherogram.     

Über die Oxydation ungesättigter Fettsäuren durch Pflanzensäfte

Summary Extracts from various parts, including root nodules, of different leguminous plants, and extracts from leaves of several other plants (belonging toSolanaceae andLabiatae) are able to accelerate efficiently the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids.     

Über die Fettsäuren aus Spinatchloroplasten

Summary The fatty acids of two samples of chloroplasts fromSpinacia oleracea have been investigated quantitatively. They contain many polyenoic fatty acids (more than 70% of the total fatty acids); amongst these, a relatively high content of C¹⁶-trienoic acid is remarkable. Moreover, the presence of the ³-trans-hexadecenoic acid, recently detected in plants, is noteworthy.     

Lichthemmung der Oxydation von Krebscyclus-Säuren durch Blumenkohl-Mitochondrien

Summary The oxidation of succinic-, malic-, and -ketoglutaric acid by cauliflower mitochondria is slowed down by strong visible light. The cytochrome-c-oxidase activity is also inhibited by light and the pigment is completely reduced in time. It is concluded that the Krebscycle is inhibited by light.     

Dünnschichtchromatographischer Nachweis der Aminosäuren im Urin

Summary Urinary amino acids are converted into DNP-derivatives. Extraction by organic solvents yields both ether- and acid-soluble DNP-derivatives in a form suitable for separation and identification by thin-layer chromatography. Solvent systems and techniques for the detection of 35 urinary constituents are described. The method is applicable to the qualitative analysis of other biological fluids.     

Die Wirkung der Nukleinsäuren auf die Bakterienphagozytose der Leukozyten

Summary Sodium ribonucleinate and sodium desoxyribonucleinate increasesin vitro the phagocytosis of surviving rat's leucocytes. The average figure for the effect is greater than the limits of error, even in dilutions of 1:100,000. In dilutions of 1:10,000, the action is more striking, the results being 33% and 29% respectively above the control value.     

Genetisch bedingte Tumoren und der Gehalt an freien Aminosäuren beiNicotiana

Summary The amphidiploid hybrid ofNicotiana glauca ×N. langsdorffi, producing tumors spontaneously, contains essentially more of the following free amino acids than the inital species: cystine, histamine, oxyproline, alanine, kynurenine, tryptophane, and a non-identified ninhydrine positive substance. It is supposed that the abnormally high content of free amino acids is connected with the spontaneous formation of tumors.

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Mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Aminosäuren als gallenerregende Stoffe der ReblausViteus [Phylloxera] vitifolii Shimer

Résumé Les sécrétions salivaires du Phylloxéra contiennent à un très haut degré de concentration les acides aminés suivants: la lysine, l'histidine et la tryptophane; deux autres acides aminés — vraisemblablement l'acide glutamique et la valine — s'y trouvent à l'état moins concentré. Ces substances appliquées expérimentalement sont capables de provoquer la formation des galles de la vigne tout aussi bien que les sécrétions naturelles du Phylloxéra. Pour cette raison, il semble suffisamment prouvé que ces substances sont identiques à l'agent cécidogène du Phylloxéra ou qu'elles représentent au moins sa composante la plus efficace.     

Genetisch bedingte Tumoren und der Gehalt an freien Aminosäuren bei lebendgebärenden Zahnkarpfen (Poeciliidae)

Summary The F₁- and F_nR-hybrids ofPlatypoecilus maculatus andXiphophorus helleri (Poeciliidae), producing melanomase spontaneously, contain essentially more free amino acids than the initial species. Further experiments show that the abnormally high content of free amino acids is connected with the spontaneous formation of tumors.

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Den Herren Prof. Dr.G. de Lattin (Zoologisches Institut Saarbrücken) und Prof. Dr.B. Eistert (Institut für organische Chemie Saarbrücken) sind wir für die stete Förderung dieser Arbeit zu grösstem Dank verpflichtet. Den Herren Prof. Dr.C. Kosswig (Hamburg), Prof. Dr.M. Gordon (New York) und Dr.H. Breider (Würzburg) sind wir für viele Anregungen und die freundliche Überlassung von Zuchtstämmen sehr dankbar. — Mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.

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F. Anders, F. Vester, K. Klinke undH. Schumacher, Biol. Zbl., im Druck.     

Cholesterin und Fettsäuren als Ersatz von Serum in der Kultur vonTrichomonas foetus

Summary In the presence of a minimal amount of a water-soluble growth factor from bovine serum, cholesterol together with an unsaturated fatty acid may replace the ethersoluble lipoid fraction of the same serum. The concentration of cholesterol and fatty acid, as well as the chemical structure of the latter, are relevant.     

Über den Einbau14C-markierter Aminosäuren in Zellkernfraktionen aus Meerschweinchenleberzellenin vitro

Summary The incorporation of¹⁴C-amino acids into ribonucleoproteid particles obtained by differential centrifugation of mechanically disintegrated liver cell nuclei was demonstratedin vitro. Nuclear supernatant revealed also very remarkable incorporation.     

Über die Bindungsart der amidierten Reste derβ-Aminodicarbonsäuren in Eiweißstoffen

Summary Gliadin and chymotrypsinogen, respectively, were treated with alkaline sodium hypochlorite solution equivalent to the carbonamide groups present, and then hydrolysed by acid. The proteins treated with dilute alkaline solution have been assayed in control experiments for their content of N-terminal amino acids. The degradation products identified by paper chromatography seem to indicate that in chymotrypsinogen the amido groups of the amino dicarboxylic acids represent asparaginyl (Ia) and glutaminyl (Ib) residues. In gliadin, besides these residues, the presence of isoglutaminyl residues (IVb) also seems to be probable.     

Genetische und biochemische Untersuchungen über die Bedeutung der Amino- und Nucleinsäuren im Ursachengefüge von Neoplasmen (Tumoren und Gallen). Ein Dauermodifikationsbzw. Prädeterminationsphänomen

Summary If certain hybrids ofPlatypoecilus maculatus andXiphophorus helleri (viviparous platyfish and swordtails) are cultivated in diluted sea-water (0.25 or 0.5% salt concentration), the amount of free amino acids increases and the growth of macromelanophores, which normally only form certain black spots at the dorsal fin, is accelerated. Therefore melanomas arise. After changing salt water for fresh water, growth of macromelanophores remains accelerated. The same effect is seen in progenies which have been in an oocytic or embryonic state, when their mother was cultivated for some weeks in diluted sea-water (Figures 1 and 2). A similar effect has been observed in plant galls produced byPhylloxera (Viteus vitifolii) in the genusVitis. When the parasite, which injects amino acids into the tissue of the host in order to produce galls, is removed, gall formation goes on slowly for some days. It is shown that a few hours after injection of amino acids—before formation of neoplasms begins—the concentration of ribonucleic acids is increased. RNS-(and therefore protein-)biosynthesis in neoplasms may be dependent on concentration of free amino acids. A simple concept for the formation of neoplasms in hybrids of platyfish and galls ofPhylloxera is discussed.

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Den Herren Prof. Dr.G. de Lattin (Zoologisches Institut der Universität des Saarlandes) und Prof. Dr.B. Husfeld (Forschungsinstitut für Rebenzüchtung Geilweilerhof/Pfalz) sind wir für die Förderung dieser Arbeit zu grösstem Dank verpflichtet. Herrn Prof. Dr.C. Kosswig (Zoologisches Institut der Universität Hamburg) verdanken wir viele Anregungen und die freundliche Überlassung von ingezüchteten Stämmen für unsere Fischkreuzungen. — Mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.