低压直流微电网母线电压控制策略

直流母线电压恒定是直流微电网运行控制的目标之一,考虑直流微电网并网和离网两种运行模式,提出基于交流电网和储能电池的直流母线电压控制策略.合理设计AC-DC变换器和DC-DC变换器的电压外环和电流内环控制参数,提高控制系统的动态性能,维持直流母线电压恒定,实现系统功率平衡流动.搭建直流微电网的Simulink模型,验证母线电压控制策略的有效性.结果表明当直流微电网系统内的负载波动时,母线电压控制策略可快速保障直流母线电压恒定,验证了提出的母线电压控制策略的有效性.     

复杂环境中直流微电网母线电压的控制策略

有效的母线电压稳定控制策略是直流微电网在复杂的环境中稳定且安全运行极其重要的保障.以小型直流微电网为研究对象,基于开关表以直流母线电压为控制信号,建立了各接口网侧变换器分段调节母线电压的直流微电网母线电压控制策略,并作了仿真研究.结果表明:基于开关表的直流微电网母线电压控制策略可以实现直流微电网母线电压的稳定工作,保证该系统可以在孤岛、并网等运行环境下稳定工作,研究结果对于保证直流微电网在复杂的环境中稳定且安全运行具有实践价值.     

混合母线微电网的功率平衡控制策略

为提高微电网在模式切换等暂态条件下的动态响应性能,提出一种基于交直流混合母线拓扑的微电网功率平衡控制策略.将直流母线和交流母线分别作为瞬态和稳态的两级功率平衡点,使分布式电源组群与储能装置经直流母线相结合进行联合供电.在暂态条件下,通过稳定直流母线电压迅速地匹配供需双方的功率,相应地调整逆变控制策略来稳定系统电压、频率及调节电能质量.仿真结果表明:在微电网运行模式切换和受扰动时,该方法均能使微电网实时满足负载的功率需求;电压幅值和频率稳定在额定值,相对误差小于1％;电能质量符合国家标准,总畸变率(THD)小于2％;电压和功率参数响应时间仅为0.02 s左右.     

基于混合储能的功率前馈稳压控制策略研究

针对独立光伏发电系统中直流母线电压易受光伏输出变化和负载功率波动等因素的影响而使系统稳定性变差的这一问题,文中采用超级电容—蓄电池混合储能来抑制直流母线电压的波动,并提出采用功率前馈补偿的控制方法来对系统进行控制,即将光伏输出功率的变化趋势和负载功率的变化趋势前馈到双向变换器的发波环节,通过前馈条件来实现扰动误差的全补偿。仿真实验结果表明,混合储能+功率前馈控制策略能更好地抑制光伏输出变化和负载功率波动对母线电压的影响,系统稳定性得到了进一步的提高。     

混合微电网中三相变换器的控制策略

混合微电网中一般通过三相变换器连接交流子网和直流子网,其控制策略对整个微电网运行特性有显著影响。混合微电网并网运行时,由大电网保证功率平衡,变换器控制策略用于维持直流母线电压恒定;孤岛运行时,设计的协调控制系统保证微电网内部功率平衡,变换器控制策略用于保持交流母线电压稳定。当微电网内部分布式电源功率以及负荷功率发生变化时,该变换器可以在整流、逆变和停机3种状态间平滑切换。最后,通过算例仿真验证了控制策略的可行性和有效性。     

光储交直流混合孤岛微网控制策略研究

针对现有的微网功率管理通常需要复杂编程来实现,提出一种无需复杂编程的综合控制策略来实现光储交直流孤岛微网的协调控制。在考虑储能荷电状态和直流母线参考电压偏差量越限的情况下,在前级结构中构建多回路功率控制策略,将越上限的储能荷电状态或直流母线参考电压偏差量反馈到光伏功率控制器中,使得光伏控制器偏离最大功率运行点,同时调整光伏输出的参考电压,进而防止储能荷电状态超过设定的上限或直流母线电压骤然上升。反之将越下限的储能荷电状态或直流母线参考电压偏差量反馈到需求响应侧发送切除直流负载命令,防止荷电状态超过设定的下限和直流母线电压骤然下降,从而实现了系统前级功率平衡并运行在安全范围内。另外,微网后级的逆变器采用主从控制模式,主逆变器采用虚拟同步发电机控制策略,实现对系统电压频率的控制及负荷的跟随;从逆变器采用恒功率控制策略为后级提供期望的功率需求。MATLAB/Simulink仿真结果表明:前级多回路功率控制策略与后级基于虚拟同步机的主从控制策略相联动,确保了所提混合微网在不同工况下能协调光伏功率和储能功率平衡,并使微网系统能稳定可靠运行。     

微电网超级电容器混合储能系统控制策略

光伏微电网有离网与并网2种工作模式.在离网模式下由于负荷及可再生能源的功率变化使得直流母线电压产生波动,在并网模式下会因输入功率变动以及非线性负载产生的低次谐波等使并网电流脉动较大,影响电能质量.本文利用超级电容器和蓄电池组2种储能组件构成微电网混合储能方案,使微电网在离网运行时利用超级电容器的快速响应来补偿瞬态功率,...     

微型电网双向DC/DC控制策略研究

分析户用型微电网系统Buck/Boost型双向直流斩波器(DC/DC)分别运行于Buck、Boost两种不同模式时的控制机理;针对不同运行模式,分别提出储能微源恒电流充电控制策略和恒母线电压放电控制策略。恒电流充电控制策略可实现储能装置稳态及直流母线电压突变时的恒电流充放电,恒母线电压放电控制策略既可满足系统稳态运行控制,也能满足直流母线参考电压突变及负载突变条件下的动态运行控制;仿真结果证明控制策略实现了期望的控制目标。     

低压直流微电网母线电压控制仿真研究

为了改良直流母线电压并优化储能系统的性能,提出了一种基于混合储能系统的母线电压控制策略.在此基础上设计一种基于二阶低通滤波器原理的功率分配方法,合理配置储能系统功率.搭建混合储能系统模型,并对该模型进行Matlab仿真,分析了直流微电网混合储能系统在负荷突变情况下的运行特性,仿真结果表明该控制策略能快速控制直流侧母线电...     

基于多端口能量路由器的微网系统及其调试

为加速推动能源互联网建设,对于其核心设备——能量路由器的研究具有重要意义。依托浙江某分布式能源示范工程,开展基于多端口能量路由器的小型微网系统研究与调试。阐述了工程用五端口双向能量路由器拓扑结构,并以此为基础构建微网系统,其包含分布式光伏、储能装置与具有电能自发自用功能的智慧小屋系统。在调试过程中,通过协调配合DC/DC变换器之间的技术参数与控制策略,平抑能量路由器输出侧直流母线电压波动,消除光伏出力无法下送至能量路由器的缺陷。能量路由器控制内部直流母排电压稳定与各端口功率平衡,保证微网安全可靠地并、离网运行。结果验证了以多端口能量路由器为核心设备组建微网系统的合理性与有效性,且调试优化过程对日后多端口能量路由器的实际工程应用具有指导价值。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.