寒武早期泥质基底腕足动物的生活策略——来自澄江动物群的证据

目的 系统分析滇东泥质基底澄江化石库腕足动物的生活方式.方法 依据澄江化石库丰富的腕足动物资料,论证寒武纪早期泥质基底腕足动物的生活策略.结果 寒武纪早期泥质基底上腕足动物的生活方式主要包括肉茎附着型(pedicle-anchoring or pedicle-attaching)、自由平躺型(free-lying)、假内栖型(qusi-infaunal)和表栖粘附型(cemented epifaunal),肉茎附着型是早寒武世腕足动物生活的最普遍的型式.结论 空间生态分析显示,早寒武世滇东海盆中,腕足动物的分布已经具有一定的空间层次性,不同的腕足类型占据了不同的生态位,形成了比较复杂的空间群落结构.     

澄江动物群中翻吻动物的埋葬学与生态学研究

目的探讨云南早寒武世澄江化石库中翻吻动物的运动和生态习性。方法依据大量蠕虫标本的观察,认为的确有一部分翻吻动物化石为异地埋葬,并列举了一些原地埋葬的证据。结果部分翻吻动物如Tylotites petiolaris,Paraselkirkia 可能为营底上生活而并非全部为底内钻孔生活;报道了部分翻吻动物的密集埋葬现象;发现一些Cricocosmia 虫体表面具有一种未知生物属性的附生物,可能代表了一种外寄生关系;翻吻动物在滇东地区的分布可能受水深控制。结论早寒武世翻吻动物的运动,以及生态习性发生了一定程度的分异。     

地质学系张志飞教授等人在寒武纪冠轮类研究方面取得重大进展

<正>历经10余年的发掘和研究,由西北大学地质学系早期生命研究所张志飞教授领导的课题组和中国科学院南京古生物研究所相关研究人员组成的国内研究团队,在澄江化石库发现了700多枚新的砂质、多节、具触手的椎管状化石,并将其命名为精美玉玕囊形贝(Yuganotheca elegans gen.et sp.nov.),以纪念已故腕足动物研究专家金玉玕院士。日前,该研究团队联合瑞典、英国和澳大利亚等国学者,论证了     

有袋类化石的秘密——袋鼠的起源与演化

<正>在很多人的印象中,袋鼠是澳大利亚独有的动物,无论形态特征还是生活方式均特点鲜明,别具一格。但其实,目前已知最早的有袋类化石发现于中国辽宁1.25亿年前的地层中。在漫长的地质历史中,袋鼠家族克服了怎样的艰难险阻,经历了怎样的长途跋涉,又是如何适应了"蹦蹦跳跳"的现代生活呢?提起袋鼠,人们脑海里浮现的都是它们蹦蹦跳跳的身影,以及育儿袋内小袋鼠憨态可掬的样子。但你也许不知道,袋鼠出生时非常小,大约只有1粒花生米大小,成年袋鼠的身高则可达2.6米,质量可以达到50千克。它们还有一条"多功能"的尾巴,在休息时可以与下肢共同支撑于地面;跑动时,尾巴是重要的平衡工具;另外还是重要的进攻与防卫武器。     

综合性大学动物科学类“四模块”实践教学体系的构建与实施

实践教学(Practical teaching)是高校培养学生创新能力、创业能力和综合实践能力的关键环节,对动物科学类这样应用性较强的专业人才培养作用更加突显.该文以西南大学动物科学类相关专业为对象,在改革实践教学体系的背景下,论述了"四模块"实践教学新模式构建的原则和措施,并介绍了构建该体系近年来取得的成效."四模块"实践教学体系的成功实施可为综合性大学农科专业实践教学改革提供借鉴,为培养适应经济社会需求的动物科学类人才探索了有效途径.     

Yunnanozoon是半索动物的远祖

对澄江化石库中Ｙｕｎｎａｎｏｚｏｏｎ（云南虫）重新研究表明，其身体由吻、邻和躯干三部发构成；躯干前段为具有成对鳃孔的咽腔，后段为消化区这种独特的身体造型与现生肠鳃类半索动物几无二致，从鸸 有明这个早寒武世动物是地球上半索动物门中书已知最古老的祖先类型。     

New observations of the lobopod-like worm Facivermis from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagersttte

Facivermis yunnanicus （Hou ＆ Chen, 1989）, from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstatte, a worm-like fossil with 5 pairs of tentacles and a perceived shrunken end, has been regarded as related to polychaetes, later it has been variously interpreted as Iobopods, Pentastoma and Iophophorates. Newly discovered complete specimens by the ELI field team show that the taxon has, in addition to the 5 pairs of appendages, a pear-shaped trunk end bearing two or three circles of hooks. Accordingly based on these important morphological characters, reconsideration of its affinities is provided and the taxonomy is remedied herein. Because the five pairs of appendages of Facivermis yunnanicus resemble the appendages of the fore-trunk of Iobopod Miraluolishania （Liu ＆ Shu, 2004）, it seems that they are homologous structures. Therefore, the affinities of Facivermis are regarded here as being close to the Iobopods, in addition, the lobe-like appendages of Facivermis are very crucial to exploring the origin of the appendages of Iobopods and arthropods.     

Comparative study of Cambrian lobopods <Emphasis Type="Italic">Miraluolishania</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Luolishania</Emphasis>

The rare fossil Miraluolishania described by Liu et ah from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstatte in 2004 is regarded as an arthropod sphinx because it bears mosaic features of both Iobopods and arthropods. The discovery of this rare transitional form offers direct fossil evidence for exploring the relationship between Iobopods and arthropods. However, some scientists consider Miraluolishania to be a junior synonym of Luolishania because the former superficially resembles the latter in general appearance. Considering the significant differences between the two taxa, a thorough comparative study of Miraluolishania and Luolishania leads to the conclusion that there are definitely two different genera. Nevertheless, the ＂Luolishania＂ of the Haikou area is indeed ＂Miraluolishania＂, whereas Luolishania is most likely the typical genus of the Maotianshan area of Chengjiang County.     

Preliminary notes on softbodied fossil concentrations from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang deposits

The Chengjiang fauna has played a pivotal role in our understanding of the origin and diversification of metazoans since its discovery in 1984. To date, this fauna has been documented as consisting of 121 genera with 140 species belonging to 24 phyla[1-27]. The geo- graphic distribution of the Chengjiang fauna has been expanded from Chengjiang County to eastern Yunnan Province including Haikou, Malong, Yiliang, Anning and elsewhere[25-33], with about 20 localities in to- tal[25,33]. Succes…     

NEW OBSERVATIONS OF THE LOBOPOD-LIKE WORM FACIVERMIS FROM THE EARLY CAMBRIAN CHENGJIANG LAGERSTTTE

THE EARLY CAMBRIAN CHENGJIANG LAGERST?TTE HAS BEEN CELEBRATED FOR ITS EXCELLENTLY PRESERVED SOFT-BODIED FOSSILS, WHICH ARE SIGNIFICANT FOR UNDER- STANDING THE EVOLUTION OF METAZOANS. ONE OF THE RARE WORM-LIKE FOSSILS, FACIVERMIS YUNNANICUS[1], WHICH HAS5 …     

A Chengjiang-type fossil assemblage from the Hongjingshao Formation （Cambrian Stage 3） at Chenggong,Kunming, Yunnan

A new Chengjiang-type fossil assemblage is reported herein from the lower part of the Hongjingshao Formation at Xiazhuang village of Chenggong,Kunming,Yunnan.The fossil assemblage,named as Xiazhuang fossil assemblage,yields predominantly soft-bodied fossils,including arthropods,brachiopods,priapulids,lobopods and some problematic taxa,with arthropods being the most dominant group.Preservation and composition of the fossil assemblage are very similar to the typical Chengjiang biota,which is preserved in the middle Yu’anshan Formation in the large area of eastern Yunnan.The associated trilobites demonstrate that the soft-bodied fossil assemblage belongs to the late Qiongzhusian in age(Stage 3,Cambrian),suggesting that the Hongjingshao Formation is probably a diachronous lithostratigraphic unit ranging from the upper Qiongzhusian to the lower Canglangpuan stages in eastern Yunnan.The fossil assemblage from the Xiazhuang area fills up the missing link between the typical older Chengjiang biota and the younger Malong and Guanshan biotas,making eastern Yunnan a unique area in the world to reveal the early evolutionary history of animals and palaeocommunity dynamics during the‘‘Cambrian explosion’’.     

早寒武世疑源类的古生物地理学意义

根据早寒武世疑源类在全球的古地理分布，并参考古地磁和动物化石等方面的资料，进行了早寒武世疑源类的古地理分区。结果表明：早寒武世在全球范围内可分为2个疑源类古地理大区，即波罗的海－北美－亚、澳大区和地中海大区；我国西南地区早寒武区筇竹寺期，可根据疑源类分为两个生态区，即扬子区和江南区。这一研究结果为今后各区生态结构分析，提供了重要基础资料。     

The earliest-known ancestors of Recent Priapulomorpha from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstaette

The taxonomy of an early ancestor of Recent Priapulidae, Xiaoheiqingella peculiaris (= Yunnanpriapulus halteroformis Huang et al., 2004) from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang fossil Lagerstaette, is revised. Morphological characters comprise a pair of caudal appendages rather than a single appendage flanking the trunk end and a possible urogenital duct found inside the preanal region. An additional extremely rare fossil priapulid worm, Paratubiluchus bicaudatus gen. nov., sp. nov. is also described herein. Its diagnostic characters are: an introvert bearing 25 longitudinal rows of scalids, a distinct neck region, no annulus on the oval trunk, and a pair of caudal appendages. The proportion of body parts is similar in size to that of loricate larvae of Recent priapulids and larva-formed Palaeopriapulitidae. Taking account of the features of Xiaoheiqingella, bicaudal appendages are considered to be a synapomorphy of Priapulidae and Tubiluchidae. Paratubiluchus gen. nov. is most likely a candidate for the ancestor of the Tubiluchidae; it probably originated from a larva-formed priapulid with 25 rows of scalids, thus representing an intermediate link between the priapulids in mature-form and the priapulids with lorica.