铁氧化还原蛋白的直接电化学

将来源于Spinacia oleracea的铁氧化还原蛋白(ferredoxin,SoFd)通过吸附的方法固定在碳纳米管(CNT)表面.红外光谱表明SoFd固定在CNT表面后没有变性.循环伏安结果表明,SoFd在CNT表面能进行有效和稳定的直接电子转移反应,伏安曲线上表现出一对良好的、几乎对称的氧化还原峰;式量电位E0′不随扫速(在20—120 mV/s的扫速范围内,其平均值为(-571.7±1.9)mV(vs.SCE,pH 7.0))变化而变化;SoFd直接电子转移的表观速率常数ks为(0.73±0.04)s-1.     

Photosystem II core phosphorylation and photosynthetic acclimation require two different protein kinases

Illumination changes elicit modifications of thylakoid proteins and reorganization of the photosynthetic machinery. This involves, in the short term, phosphorylation of photosystem II (PSII) and light-harvesting (LHCII) proteins. PSII phosphorylation is thought to be relevant for PSII turnover, whereas LHCII phosphorylation is associated with the relocation of LHCII and the redistribution of excitation energy (state transitions) between photosystems. In the long term, imbalances in energy distribution between photosystems are counteracted by adjusting photosystem stoichiometry. In the green alga Chlamydomonas and the plant Arabidopsis, state transitions require the orthologous protein kinases STT7 and STN7, respectively. Here we show that in Arabidopsis a second protein kinase, STN8, is required for the quantitative phosphorylation of PSII core proteins. However, PSII activity under high-intensity light is affected only slightly in stn8 mutants, and D1 turnover is indistinguishable from the wild type, implying that reversible protein phosphorylation is not essential for PSII repair. Acclimation to changes in light quality is defective in stn7 but not in stn8 mutants, indicating that short-term and long-term photosynthetic adaptations are coupled. Therefore the phosphorylation of LHCII, or of an unknown substrate of STN7, is also crucial for the control of photosynthetic gene expression.     

拟南芥铁氧还蛋白基因缺失促进花期提前的初步研究(英文)

拟南芥的红光/远红光受体光敏色素(PHYs)参与花期调节过程,而铁氧还蛋白色素还原酶(FD-BRs)的一种——植物色素合成酶(HY2)对于光敏色素的合成是必不可少的。研究发现拟南芥铁氧还蛋白——AtFd2的基因缺失突变体(Fd2-KO突变体)在长日照与短日照培养条件下,较其野生型而言均表现出花期提前的表型,而且显示AtFd2与AtHY2在叶绿体中发生互作,并且Fd2突变体对光敏色素的反应受到抑制。推测At-Fd2基因的缺失可能通过影响光敏色素介导的相关生理功能进而对植株的花期进行调节。     

光合细菌的生长条件

对光合细菌的生长条件进行了较系统的研究与观察,发现温度、照度和pH值影响光合细菌的生长,并且三者之间又相互制约.实验结果表明,温度为30℃,照度为2 250 lx,pH值为7～8时光合细菌的光密度最大,生长态势最好.     

光合细菌中番茄红素的研究

番茄红素是一种具有多种生理功能的类胡萝卜素,通常从番茄的果实中提取,价格昂贵.一些光合细菌也可以产番茄红素,从而使得利用微生物发酵法生产低成本番茄红素成为可能.本文通过正交实验等方法研究了1株紫色非硫细菌7-1的生长及产番茄红素的最佳培养条件.在以0.4％的乳酸钠为碳源,0.05％的谷氨酰胺为氮源,Mg2+10ppm,并添加0.1％的酵母粉作为生长因子的改良RCVBN培养基中,7-1菌发酵液在72 h内菌浓度可达5.08×1010个/mL,紫外吸收光谱表明细胞内番茄红素的含量明显提高,高效液相色谱法测定出细胞内番茄红素的含量为398.7mg/100 g菌体干重.     

Molecular basis of photoprotection and control of photosynthetic light-harvesting

In order to maximize their use of light energy in photosynthesis, plants have molecules that act as light-harvesting antennae, which collect light quanta and deliver them to the reaction centres, where energy conversion into a chemical form takes place. The functioning of the antenna responds to the extreme changes in the intensity of sunlight encountered in nature. In shade, light is efficiently harvested in photosynthesis. However, in full sunlight, much of the energy absorbed is not needed and there are vitally important switches to specific antenna states, which safely dissipate the excess energy as heat. This is essential for plant survival, because it provides protection against the potential photo-damage of the photosynthetic membrane. But whereas the features that establish high photosynthetic efficiency have been highlighted, almost nothing is known about the molecular nature of the dissipative states. Recently, the atomic structure of the major plant light-harvesting antenna protein, LHCII, has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Here we demonstrate that this is the structure of a dissipative state of LHCII. We present a spectroscopic analysis of this crystal form, and identify the specific changes in configuration of its pigment population that give LHCII the intrinsic capability to regulate energy flow. This provides a molecular basis for understanding the control of photosynthetic light-harvesting.     

紫色非硫光合细菌培养基条件优化的研究

采用光合细菌中的紫色非硫细菌为材料,通过单因素试验和正交试验分析了其对碳源、氮源、酵母膏和复合无机盐的利用能力.结果表明,乙酸钠和酵母膏对紫色非硫细菌的生长影响达到显著水平;其优化培养基为每升中含乙酸钠3 g、氯化铵3 g、酵母膏0.1 g,复合无机盐溶液1 mL,这为快速培养高活性光合细菌奠定了基础.     

染料高效脱色光合细菌的分离与分析

为增强染料废水的生物处理,从印染厂的污泥中分离筛选出1株高效脱色光合细菌HL.对其在不同pH、碳源和氮源的条件下对5种染料的脱色效果进行了研究.结果表明,菌株HL菌落呈鲜红色,圆形、光滑、湿润、稍突起、边缘整齐,直径0.5～2.0mm;个体呈螺旋状,单根极生鞭毛,革兰氏染色为阴性,含有细菌叶绿素a,可进行光合作用.对活性艳红和直接胡兰的脱色效果显著,特别是对直接胡兰在24h内脱色率达到100%.菌株HL在中性环境下,分别以葡萄糖和氯化铵作为脱色培养基的碳源和氮源时,对直接胡兰的脱色率和降解率分别达到100%和98.67%.     

茄子光合特性研究再探

研究了茄子不同品种、不同叶龄、不同生育期的净光合速率(Pn)以及光强、CO2体积分数和温度对茄子叶片Pn的影响.结果表明,F1代杂交种的Pn显著高于常规种;茄子中、下部叶片的光合速率高值持续期(PAD)大约为30～40天;盛果期的Pn显著高于苗期和初花期,苗期Pn最低;二苠茄和快圆茄Pn对光强、CO2体积分数和温度的响应均为"抛物线"型,二苠茄的光补偿点(LCP)和光饱和点(LSP)分别为28.33,1 125 μmol/(m2·s),快圆茄的分别为60,1 468.75μmol/(m2·s),二苠茄的CO2补偿点(CCP)和饱和点(CSP)分别为77.5,1367.5μL/L,快圆茄的分别为72.5,1 412.5 μL/L,二苠茄光合作用的温度冷限和热限分别为5.37,59.44℃,快圆茄的分别为5.87,54.23 C.