Magnetic-field-induced charge-stripe order in the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3Oy

Electronic charges introduced in copper-oxide (CuO(2)) planes generate high-transition-temperature (T(c)) superconductivity but, under special circumstances, they can also order into filaments called stripes. Whether an underlying tendency towards charge order is present in all copper oxides and whether this has any relationship with superconductivity are, however, two highly controversial issues. To uncover underlying electronic order, magnetic fields strong enough to destabilize superconductivity can be used. Such experiments, including quantum oscillations in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(y) (an extremely clean copper oxide in which charge order has not until now been observed) have suggested that superconductivity competes with spin, rather than charge, order. Here we report nuclear magnetic resonance measurements showing that high magnetic fields actually induce charge order, without spin order, in the CuO(2) planes of YBa(2)Cu(3)O(y). The observed static, unidirectional, modulation of the charge density breaks translational symmetry, thus explaining quantum oscillation results, and we argue that it is most probably the same 4a-periodic modulation as in stripe-ordered copper oxides. That it develops only when superconductivity fades away and near the same 1/8 hole doping as in La(2-x)Ba(x)CuO(4) (ref.?1) suggests that charge order, although visibly pinned by CuO chains in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(y), is an intrinsic propensity of the superconducting planes of high-T(c) copper oxides.     

No mixing of superconductivity and antiferromagnetism in a high-temperature superconductor

There is still no universally accepted theory of high-temperature superconductivity. Most models assume that doping creates 'holes' in the valence band of an insulating, antiferromagnetic 'parent' compound, and that antiferromagnetism and high-temperature superconductivity are intimately related. If their respective energies are nearly equal, strong antiferromagnetic fluctuations (temporally and spatially restricted antiferromagnetic domains) would be expected in the superconductive phase, and superconducting fluctuations would be expected in the antiferromagnetic phase; the two states should 'mix' over an extended length scale. Here we report that one-unit-cell-thick antiferromagnetic La2CuO4 barrier layers remain highly insulating and completely block a supercurrent; the characteristic decay length is 1 A, indicating that the two phases do not mix. We likewise found that isolated one-unit-cell-thick layers of La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 remain superconducting. The latter further implies that, on doping, new electronic states are created near the middle of the bandgap. These two findings are in conflict with most proposed models, with a few notable exceptions that include postulated spin-charge separation.     

Magnetohydrodynamic flow over a moving plate in a parallel stream with an induced magnetic field

A viscous boundary layer flow of an electrically-conducting fluid over a moving flat plate in a parallel stream with a constant magnetic field applied outside the boundary layer parallel to the plate was investigated. The governing system of partial differential equations was transformed to ordinary differential equations using a similarity transformation. The similarity equations were then solved numerically using a finite-difference scheme known as the Keller-box method. Numerical results of the skin friction coefficient, velocity profiles, and the induced magnetic field profiles were obtained for some values of the moving parameter, magnetic parameter, and reciprocal magnetic Prandtl number. The results indicate that dual solutions exist when the plate and the fluid move in the opposite directions up to a critical value of the moving parameter, whose value depends on the value of the magnetic parameter.     

Signature of optimal doping in Hall-effect measurements on a high-temperature superconductor

High-temperature superconductivity is achieved by doping copper oxide insulators with charge carriers. The density of carriers in conducting materials can be determined from measurements of the Hall voltage--the voltage transverse to the flow of the electrical current that is proportional to an applied magnetic field. In common metals, this proportionality (the Hall coefficient) is robustly temperature independent. This is in marked contrast to the behaviour seen in high-temperature superconductors when in the 'normal' (resistive) state; the departure from expected behaviour is a key signature of the unconventional nature of the normal state, the origin of which remains a central controversy in condensed matter physics. Here we report the evolution of the low-temperature Hall coefficient in the normal state as the carrier density is increased, from the onset of superconductivity and beyond (where superconductivity has been suppressed by a magnetic field). Surprisingly, the Hall coefficient does not vary monotonically with doping but rather exhibits a sharp change at the optimal doping level for superconductivity. This observation supports the idea that two competing ground states underlie the high-temperature superconducting phase.     

高温超导量子干涉器磁测量中的电磁反演

基于Biot-Savart定律和空间滤波技术,采用二维傅里叶变换,研究磁场到电流的反演. 对高温超导量子干涉器(SQUID)测得的载流导线周围的磁场分布以及圆孔缺陷周围的涡流场激发的磁信号进行反演处理,并对所得的结果,特别是在傅里叶空间对截止频率的选择进行了初步探讨. 结果表明,较高的截止频率值能有效提高反演结果的空间分辨率,但增加了噪声信号对反演结果的影响;相对较低的截止频率值能更明显地去除噪声信号,同时导致反演结果的失真,降低了反演结果的空间分辨率. 利用缺陷周围的磁场数据反演出的电流分布,能够准确反映出被测样品中缺陷的位置、形状等基本情况.     

外磁场和电流共同驱动的磁纳米柱中磁矩动力学

针对自由层与自旋极化层均为垂直磁各向异性材料的磁纳米柱结构,基于Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewski(LLGS)方程,利用微磁学模拟方法,研究了外磁场和电流导致的自旋转矩效应所驱动的自由层磁矩翻转特性.模拟结果显示磁矩翻转曲线中出现了多个凸起的非正常翻转状态;且凸起区域出现的位置与外加磁场大小、纳米柱尺寸和垂直磁各向异性相关,而与极化层磁矩的倾角大小无关.在自旋极化层的磁矩倾角给定时,凸起区域出现的磁矩状态有亚稳态、振荡态、稳定态3种.给出建立了它们随磁场和极化层倾角变化的参数相图.     

Unusual magnetic order in the pseudogap region of the superconductor HgBa2CuO4+delta

The pseudogap region of the phase diagram is an important unsolved puzzle in the field of high-transition-temperature (high-T(c)) superconductivity, characterized by anomalous physical properties. There are open questions about the number of distinct phases and the possible presence of a quantum-critical point underneath the superconducting dome. The picture has remained unclear because there has not been conclusive evidence for a new type of order. Neutron scattering measurements for YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6+delta) (YBCO) resulted in contradictory claims of no and weak magnetic order, and the interpretation of muon spin relaxation measurements on YBCO and of circularly polarized photoemission experiments on Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+delta)(refs 12, 13) has been controversial. Here we use polarized neutron diffraction to demonstrate for the model superconductor HgBa(2)CuO(4+delta) (Hg1201) that the characteristic temperature T* marks the onset of an unusual magnetic order. Together with recent results for YBCO, this observation constitutes a demonstration of the universal existence of such a state. The findings appear to rule out theories that regard T* as a crossover temperature rather than a phase transition temperature. Instead, they are consistent with a variant of previously proposed charge-current-loop order that involves apical oxygen orbitals, and with the notion that many of the unusual properties arise from the presence of a quantum-critical point.     

高温超导体中不同临界态模型下的磁弛豫

基于Anderson-Kim临界态模型,考虑涡旋玻璃态模型和集体磁通蠕动理论以及考虑磁通线反跳的热激活模型等目前几种关于高温超导体中磁弛豫现象的理论模型,推导出弛豫率和约化弛豫率的理论计算公式并在此基础上分析各个理论模型下弛豫率和约化弛豫率的理论计算结果和实验数据之间的关系,对各个理论模型的适用范围进行分析和比较.     

盘形量子点在磁场中的线性及非线性折射率改变(英文)

在外加磁场中,受限势为抛物势加反平方势的条件下,理论上研究了线性及非线性折射率的变化.利用密度矩阵理论和迭代法得到了线性及非线性折射率变化的表达式.研究结果表明,线性及非线性折射率的变化受到磁场、反平方势的外场强度β、抛物势受限频率和入射光强的强烈影响.     

Laser-field-induced magnon amplification in a magnetic semiconductor quantum well under an external magnetic field

The laser-field induced magnon amplification in a magnetic semiconductor quantum well under an external magnetic field was discussed, it is shown that when the laser frequency is near to the electron cyclotron frequency, no matter how weaker the laser field is, the magnon amplification always occurs. In case of fixed laser frequency, the optical absorption of magnons obeys the definite selection rule to the laser field strength. The rate of change of magnon occupation is calculated, and the amplification condition is given.     

在反铁磁质薄片中导播的磁极化激元

计算和讨论了在垂直的外磁场下，在反铁磁质薄片中导播的磁极化激元的色激关系，并画出了色散关系曲线，它与在平行的外磁场下，在铁磁质薄片中导播的磁极化激元的情况相似。     

外磁场对THz波段超导表面等离激元的影响

根据超导二流体模型,研究了在THz波段超导材料铌表面存在的表面等离激元的色散曲线和特征长度随外磁场的变化关系,分析了外磁场对表面等离激元激发条件的影响.结果表明:外磁场强度增大时,色散曲线偏离光锥线程度将增大,表面等离激元传播距离、归一化波长及其在介质内的穿透深度将变小,而在超导材料内的穿透深度将增大,且色散曲线和特征长度随磁场的变化程度还与频率有关.同时,共振角度对外磁场变化不敏感,但共振频率将随外磁场强度增大而红移.该结果可为超导波导器件设计提供一定的参考.     

Spatially resolved electronic structure inside and outside the vortex cores of a high-temperature superconductor

Puzzling aspects of high-transition-temperature (high-Tc) superconductors include the prevalence of magnetism in the normal state and the persistence of superconductivity in high magnetic fields. Superconductivity and magnetism generally are thought to be incompatible, based on what is known about conventional superconductors. Recent results, however, indicate that antiferromagnetism can appear in the superconducting state of a high-Tc superconductor in the presence of an applied magnetic field. Magnetic fields penetrate a superconductor in the form of quantized flux lines, each of which represents a vortex of supercurrents. Superconductivity is suppressed in the core of the vortex and it has been suggested that antiferromagnetism might develop there. Here we report the results of a high-field nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) imaging experiment in which we spatially resolve the electronic structure of near-optimally doped YBa2Cu3O7-delta inside and outside vortex cores. Outside the cores, we find strong antiferromagnetic fluctuations, whereas inside we detect electronic states that are rather different from those found in conventional superconductors.     

水基Fe3O4磁流体的制备和磁光特性

以FeSO4·7H2O(AR),Fe(NO3)3·9H2O(AR),NH3·H2O(AR)为原料,用水热法制备纳米Fe3O4粒子;通过选用合适的分散剂来克服磁性颗粒的沉降,采用超声波分散的方法,制备在重力场和磁场中稳定性好的磁流体.研究了影响水基Fe3O4磁流体性能的主要因素,得到最佳条件:Fe(NO3)3·9H2O和FeSO4·7H2O的量比为1.75,水热反应温度为160℃,反应时间为5h,1.5gFe3O4分散于100mL水中所需分散剂的用量为0.75mL.所制备的产物经XRD和粒度仪检测,结果表明:产物为单一相的Fe3O4,水基Fe3O4磁流体体系的粒径在100nm以下.     

感应磁场力对相对论磁化等离子体碰撞项的贡献

在相对论磁化等离子体内，除库仑和感应电场力外，粒子间的感应磁场力相互作用将对广义玻耳兹曼方程中碰撞项有贡献．本文导出了这个碰撞项的解析表式．     

相对论情况下N-U方法求解电磁场中运动粒子的Dirac方程的束缚态

在相对论情况下,通过N-U方法求解电磁场中运动粒子的Dirac方程的束缚态解,并给出相应的束缚态能谱和相对论性的波函数.所得的结果与其他方法一致.     

Hyperthermia by a nitinol stent in an alternating magnetic field:Safety and feasibility in rabbit esophageal cancer

Hyperthermia by heating in-stent is a potentially new method to treat esophageal cancer.This study assessed the safety of heating the rabbit esophagus with a nitinol stent in an alternating magnetic field (AMF) and investigated whether this method offers a therapeutic option for esophageal cancer.Nitinol stents were placed in the cervical esophagi of healthy rabbits,which were heated in an AMF for different times at 43,46 and 50 ℃.The esophagi were histologically examined after a week to observe whether there was transmural necroses.Then esophageal cancer of rabbit placed nitinol stents were heated in an AMF at 46℃ for 10 min.Stents were heated to a target temperature within 5 min.The highest tolerated temperature and time for the healthy rabbit esophagus was at 46℃ for 10 min.Tumor growth was delayed by heating and it was statistically significant.Heating the rabbit esophageal wall at 46℃ for 10 min proves to be safe and effective in delaying tumor growth.     

均匀磁场中辐射电子的阻尼运动

介绍了均匀磁场中计算辐射阻尼影响时相对论电子协变运动方程的一种解析求解方法.在场强约束条件γB 9×1011T下导出了电子运动的初级近似解和相应的同步辐射能量损失率的表达式.最后,简单讨论了所得结果的适用性和量子效应对运动解精度的可能影响.     

磁场中的强耦合表面极化子

应用变分法系统研究了电子和表面光学声子间的强相互作用，同时考虑了电子和体纵光学声子间的弱相互作用，给出了电子、声子间的基态和激发态的相互作用能．数值计算表明，电子和晶体表面的距离增大，体相互作用诱导势增大，而表面相互作用势减少；同时外磁场的作用可增大这两种相互作用的强度．     

Hidden magnetic excitation in the pseudogap phase of a high-T(c) superconductor

The elucidation of the pseudogap phenomenon of the high-transition-temperature (high-T(c)) copper oxides-a set of anomalous physical properties below the characteristic temperature T* and above T(c)-has been a major challenge in condensed matter physics for the past two decades. Following initial indications of broken time-reversal symmetry in photoemission experiments, recent polarized neutron diffraction work demonstrated the universal existence of an unusual magnetic order below T* (refs 3, 4). These findings have the profound implication that the pseudogap regime constitutes a genuine new phase of matter rather than a mere crossover phenomenon. They are furthermore consistent with a particular type of order involving circulating orbital currents, and with the notion that the phase diagram is controlled by a quantum critical point. Here we report inelastic neutron scattering results for HgBa(2)CuO(4+δ) that reveal a fundamental collective magnetic mode associated with the unusual order, and which further support this picture. The mode's intensity rises below the same temperature T* and its dispersion is weak, as expected for an Ising-like order parameter. Its energy of 52-56?meV renders it a new candidate for the hitherto unexplained ubiquitous electron-boson coupling features observed in spectroscopic studies.