Surveying of the deformed terraces and crust shortening rate in the northwestern Tarim Basin

Relief surveying and chronology study were carried out on the deformed river terraces across the Artushi anticline belt in the northwestern Tarim Basin. The crust shortening rate of this anticline belt since late Pleistocene was calculated to be up to 5—6 mm/a. The total crust shortening rate from the northwestern Tarim Basin to southwestern Tianshan since late Pleistocene was estimated to be over 10 mm/a.     

Velocity structure of the crust and uppermost mantle in the boundary area of the Tianshan Mountains and the Tarim Basin

A portable 3-component broadband digital seismic array was deployed across the Tianshan orogenic belt (TOB) to investigate the lithospheric structure. Based on receiver function analysis of the teleseismic P-wave data, a 2-D S-wave velocity profile of the boundary area of the TOB and the Tarim Basin was obtained at the depths of 0--80 km.Our results reveal a vertical and lateral inhomogeneity in the crust and uppermost mantle. Four velocity interfaces divide the crystalline crust into the upper, middle and lower crust. A low velocity zone is widely observed in the upper-middle crust. The depth of Moho varies between 42 and 52 km. At the north end of the profile the Moho dips northward with a vertical offset of 4--6 km, which implies a subduction front of the Tarim Basin into the TOB. The Moho generally appears as a velocity transitional zone except beneath two stations in the northern Tarim Basin, where the Moho is characterized by a typical velocity discontinuity. The fine velocity structure and the deep contact deformation of the crust and upper most mantle delineate the north-south lithospheric shortening and thickening in the boundary area of the TOB and the Tarim Basin, which would be helpful to constructing the geodynamical model of the intracontinental mountain-basin-coupling system.     

Deep seismic reflection profile across the juncture zone between the Tarim Basin and the West Kunlun Mountains

Fine structures of the crust and upper mantle of the basin-and-range juncture on the northwestern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are first delineated by the deep seismic reflection profile across the juncture zone between the Tarim Basin and the West Kunlun Mountains. Evidence is found for the northward subduction of the northwest marginal lithosphere of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its collision with Tarim lithosphere beneath the West Kunlun Mountains. The lithosphere image of the face-to-face subduction and collision determines the coupling relationship between the Tarim Basin and the West Kunlun Mountains at the lithosphere scale and reflects the process of continent-continent collision.     

Recent rapid shortening of crust across the Tianshan Mts. and relative motion of tectonic blocks in the north and south

Based on the multiple-epoch Global Positioning System observations during a period from 1992 to 1999, we document directly a rapid crustal shortening of ～20 mm/a across the western Tianshan Mts. (76°E), in contrast to a 4 mm/a convergent rate across the eastern Tianshan Mts. (87°E)and the north-south convergence across the mountain belt descends laterally from west to east. The direction of current crustal movement inferred by GPS sites along the southern flank of the Tianshan Mts. is approximately perpendicular to the easterly-trending mountain belt, indicating that the Tarim Basin thrust almost rightly into the Tianshan Mts. The Tarim Basin accommodates nearly no or a minor, if any, crustal deformation and rotates clockwise, as a rigid body in a whole, at a rate of 0.64°/Ma around a Euler pole at 95.7°E, 40.3°N (Anxi, Gansu) with respect to the stable Siberia. The relative motion between the Kazakh platform and the Dzungarian Basin is quite apparent. The Dzungar should be regarded as an independent active block from the view of the Asia tectonic settings.     

库车坳陷秋立塔克盐构造形成过程物理模拟

通过采集新生界岩石样品、盐岩样品并测定样品的岩石力学参数 ,经过理论计算和实验 ,根据相似性原理 ,选择凡士林和松散的细沙为实验材料 .采用砂箱挤压模型 ,对库车坳陷西段秋立塔克盐构造形成过程进行模拟 .实验表明 :1在挤压构造背景下、边界条件合适可以形成库车坳陷西段秋立塔克盐枕构造 .2实验中 ,随着挤压量的不断增大 ,盐枕上覆地层逆冲变形强烈 ,局部地层甚至卷入盐层之中 ,而下伏地层的变形强度较弱 .盐岩本身的变形具有明显的塑性变形特征 ,与上下岩层的脆性变形明显不同 .3随着变形的逐渐加强 ,局部的逆冲断层在挤压背景下可发生反转 ,形成正断层构造 .     

“引雅入塔”工程的可行性分析

“引雅入塔”工程,即引雅鲁藏布江之水入塔里木盆地之引水工程,这是一个大胆的设想.其基本内涵是将发源于喜马拉雅山北麓素称“悬河”的雅鲁藏布江的水量,通过西藏高原开挖一条运河,将高原之水引入盆地,以便改变大西北干旱荒漠区的水文气象面貌.本文着重分析了雅鲁藏布江之水源现状和昆仑山北麓山前平原绿洲的情况.同时,对引水工程和应采取的技术措施进行了初步分析.     

利用高分辨率成像测井技术识别沉积构造

以塔里木盆地实际资料为背景,探讨层面、层理和准同生变形等沉积构造在地层微电阻率成像测井图像上的特征及识别方法,图像灰度、形态变化是沉积构造识别的主要依据,层面表现为形态各异的线形灰度突变界面,层理通过层内灰度微细变化显示出来,纹层性破坏或纹层面扭曲等特征批示准同生变形构造的存在,根据图像解释的交错层理产状可以推断古水流方向。     

塔里木河流域下游绿洲演变对生态输水的响应

参考前人对绿洲的定义和分类方法,对塔里木河下游人工绿洲、天然绿洲进行提取,分析生态输水前后人工绿洲和天然绿洲的面积变化特征、转化过程、重心迁移情况以及扩张与退缩的空间变化。结果表明:1990—2015年,塔里木河下游绿洲总面积先下降、后上升,人工绿洲不断扩张,10 a平均增长量为46.78 km~2,天然绿洲面积不断缩减,在2000年后有所上升。生态输水前(1990—2000年),塔里木河下游来水量减少,导致大面积草地退化,天然绿洲面积减少;生态输水后(2000—2015年),部分未利用土地得到了利用,变成河渠、水库、湖泊、灌木林和高覆盖度草地,塔里木河下游生态有所恢复。下游绿洲重心先往西北,再往南方,最后又往东南方向迁移。绿洲主要向西北和东南方向扩张,1990—2000年的扩张区域主要集中于英苏上游区域;2000—2010年期间,台特玛湖地区绿洲面积增加明显;绿洲缩减区域分布广而零星。     

The Quaternary fault in Jiamu area,the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

The Quaternary Tailan River fault has been found in the Tianshan foothills area, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It is the recent boundary fault of the Tarim Basin coupling with the West Tianshan Mountains. In the light of measurement data of the slip which cuts the Quaternary deposits of different ages, the Quaternary kinematic figures of the Tailan River fault are estimated as follows: crustal shortening 3.7 km and shortening rate 1.59 mm/a, uplift of Tianshan Mountains 1.34 km and uplift rate 0.56 mm/a, and additional relief of 900 m. Considering the contribution of the Gumubiezi anticline close to the south of the Tailan River fault, the Quaternary crustal shortening and shortening rate of the Jiamu area are 4.8 km and 2 mm/a respectively. The above-mentioned data coincide with the crustal shortening rate calculated from the growth strata in the Kuqa area, as well as the GPS measurements in the Lake Issyk area and the Korla-Urumqi area, reflecting the fast thrusting period within the shortening tectonic processes of the rejuvenation foreland basin in front of the southern foothill of the West Tianshan Mountains since Neogene.     

全球气候变化与塔里木盆地古城绿洲演变关系

我国西部地区地形复杂,气候的地域差异性大.特别是青藏高原的突起给塔里木盆地的环境带来了巨大的变化,导致盆地气温降水的突变.从而使塔里木盆地水流分布状态发生改变,导致盆地中原有的古绿洲的蜕变,进而直接影响到整个人类的发展历史.历史研究表明,塔里木盆地气候服从于全球气候变化,并且与某些人文事件,特别是古城绿洲兴盛与消亡有着十分一致的耦合关系.所以,全球环境变化对古城绿洲发展影响重大.     

塔北喀拉玉尔滚断裂系构造特征及地质意义

喀拉玉尔滚断裂系位于塔里木盆地北部,是塔北系列北西向展布的断裂之一。为了研究喀拉玉尔滚断裂系性质以及对塔北构造格局的影响,通过野外考察以及地震剖面解释,得出喀拉玉尔滚断裂为一条北西向右旋走滑断裂,受挤压-剪切作用,伴生北喀、中喀和南喀3个雁列褶皱以及次级断裂,为典型走滑断裂展布形态。喀拉玉尔滚断裂带由古生界北西向构造带继承演化而来,曾经历古生代强烈挤压构造运动、中生代平静沉积、新生代斜冲运动3期构造作用,形成了现今地表构造样式。喀拉玉尔滚断裂带处在乌什-温宿构造单元和库车-塔北构造单元之间,对两侧变形、差异压缩起到调节作用。喀拉玉尔滚走滑断裂及其伴生构造的发育可能对油气的运移和聚集产生有利条件。     

Analysis of the matrilineal genetic structure of population in the early Iron Age from Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, China

Ancient mtDNA data of human remains were analyzed from four early Iron Age Tarim Basin sites （Yuansha, Zaghunluq, Sampula and Niya） in the southern Silk Road region. Haplogroup distributions show that ancient Tarim Basin population was comprised of well-differentiated Western and Eastern matrilineal lineages. Some West lineage of Tarim Basin population originated from Near East and Iran region. Of the East lineages, North and Northeast Asia originated lineages were the main components, and a few Southeast Asian lineages also existed, which indicated a more extensive origin and a more complex admixture. The genetic structure of ancient Tarim Basin population is relatively close to the modern populations of Xinjiang, which implied that the early Iron Age is an important period during the formation of the modern Xinjiang population.     

玉树巴塘断裂晚第四纪滑动速率及其构造意义

玉树巴塘断裂是甘孜-玉树断裂带玉树段的一条主要的分支断裂, 沿线发育第四纪巴塘盆地、波洛滩和当涌滩。通过遥感影像解译、野外构造地貌填图、断层剖面分析以及断错地貌面的光释光和14C年代测定, 发现该断裂沿线河流阶地、洪积扇断错明显, 是一条以左旋走滑为主, 兼具逆冲分量的全新世活动断裂。该断裂最新活动时代为全新世晚期, 距今2.72 ka。晚更新世晚期以来的左旋滑动速率为2.3~3.7 mm/a, 垂直滑动速率为0.2~0.6 mm/a, 该断裂在甘孜-玉树断裂带玉树段起着变形分解作用, 吸收了玉树段内约1/3的走滑变形。研究结果可以解释甘孜-玉树断裂带内玉树断裂走滑速率偏小的构造现象, 并为评价甘孜-玉树断裂带玉树段的地震危险性提供基础资料。     

Late Cenozoic high-resolution magnetostratigraphy in the Kunlun Pass Basin and its implications for the uplift of the northern Tibetan Plateau

The Kunlun Pass Basin, located in the middle of the eastern Kunlun Mountains, received relatively continuous late Cenozoic sediments from the surrounding mountains, archiving great information to understand the deformation and uplift histories of the northern Tibetan Plateau. The Kunlun-Yellow River Movement, identified from the tectonomorphologic and sedimentary evolution of the Kunlun Pass Basin by Cui Zhijiu et al. （1997, 1998）, is roughly coincident with many important global and Plateau climatic and environmental events, becoming a crucial time interval to understand tectonic-climatic interactions. However, the ages used to constrict the events remain great uncertainty. Here, we present the results of detailed magnetostratigraphy of the late Cenozoic sediments in the Kunlun Pass Basin, which show the basin sediments were formed between about 3.6 Ma and 0.5 Ma and the Kunlun-Yellow River Movement occurred at 1.2 to ～0.78 Ma. The lithology, sedimentary facies and lithofacies associations divide the basin into five stages of tectonosedimentary evolution, indicating the northern Tibetan Plateau having experienced five episodes of tectonic uplifts at ～3.6, 2.69-2.58, 1.77, 1.2, 0.87 and ～0.78 Ma since the Pliocene.     

喀什凹陷的成因及找油方向

通过对喀什凹陷的基底结构和变形特征分析认为，喀什凹陷在侏罗纪—中新世期间的沉降主要与塔拉斯—费尔干纳断裂的拉分作用有关；上新世以后的变形受天山和昆仑山山前逆冲作用控制；凹陷北部斜坡带的变形机制主要是山前重力滑动和山麓逆冲作用。根据与喀什凹陷有类似成因联系的中亚含油气盆地的油气勘探经验预测，喀什凹陷的油气主要赋存于山前构造带向斜盆地内部的低凸起中，下第三系膏盐层为主要勘探标志层。     

本期导读

本期着重于向读者展现我校的机械工程学科及石油天然气装备的设计理论及方法的系统研究。 我校机械工程学科长期以来坚持以石油天然气装备为特色,依托“石油天然气装备”教育部重点实验室及3个省部共建重点实验室,在石油钻采工具（岩石破碎与钻头）及石油天然气装备、海洋石油特殊装备、机械现代化设计理论和制造技术、机械系统仿真、油气井管柱力学等方面形成了稳定的研究方向和实力。本期刊登的科学研究专题报道《西南石油大学机械工程科学研究简介》主要从该学科的“学术思想、研究特色、主要研究方向、主要研究内容及成果”等方面,向读者作了较详细的介绍。《双头单螺杆泵衬套有限元分析》由陈次昌教授等人完成,论文讨论了双头单螺杆泵衬套在受到均匀压力与非均匀压力以及静态接触情况下,衬套内各点的变形、应力与应变的分布情况,揭示了双头单螺杆泵衬套的受力状态和变形规律,为双头单螺杆泵的结构优化设计及性能改善提供了参考依据。梁政教授等撰写的《水力旋流器颗粒沉降速度与分离粒度研究》,在对水力螺旋器内部流场数值模拟的基础上,对其内部固体颗粒的运动规律和受力分析进行了深入的研究,首次推导出径向沉降速度为零的轨迹面半径与固体颗粒直径、水力螺旋器自身几何参数以及操作参数之间的定量表达式。《塔里木盆地西北部地壳三维构造研究》一文,由中国地震局地球物理勘探中心的赖晓玲副研究员等人完成。论文主要研究Q值结构和震源分布图像及其与研究区地壳深部断裂的关系,为区域地质构造研究和油气资源的探测提供了深部构造信息。由胡泽、陈平等作者撰写的《应变测试法测试钻井参数的数据采集系统设计》,设计了一种基于应变测试法的钻井工程参数随钻井数据采集系统,采用ADμC8系列单片机为主控制器,作为具备近钻头测试功能的新型工具,能够完成钻压、环空压力等数据的采集、存储和运输。孔祥平等作者撰写的《油藏非生物因素耗氧实验研究》,针对好氧微生物驱油技术注入多少氧气的问题,探讨了胜利油田某区块原油、注入水和产出水的耗氧情况,开展了油藏非生物因素对氧的消耗实验研究。该研究将为空气辅助微生物驱油技术提供理论依据。冯茹森、郭拥军、薛新生等作者认为疏水缔合物作用是HAWP水溶液中形成可逆的超分子结构和溶液保持其结构流体特性的根本原因,提出了设计分子间高缔合比例疏水缔合聚合物的分子设计目标。文章有新意,本刊将分三期连载他们的作品《分子间高缔合比例疏水聚合物研究》。 为鼓励作者们向习惯性认识挑战,共同构建和谐社会,我们将具“探讨与争鸣”性的论文给予优先待遇,欢迎各位勇跃投稿。     

三塘湖盆地北西向构造变形带的正演

三塘湖盆地北西向构造变形带的形成与演化控制了盆地总的构造格局．平衡剖面的正演表明：控制盆地构造变形的滑脱面位于石炭系内部的泥岩层中,滑脱面的深度约４．４６ｋｍ;盆地北西向构造变形带是海西晚期和喜山期两期构造作用叠加的产物,变形带的扩展顺序呈前展式自南向北扩展;变形机制主要为受重力扩展作用控制的断弯褶皱作用;变形样式主要为断裂及相关褶皱．盆地总的缩短量最大约８．３ｋｍ,海西晚期最大缩短量约４．５ｋｍ,喜山期最大缩短量约５ｋｍ．     

塔北隆起北部正断层的成因机制及地质意义

塔里木盆地自中生代以来一直处于挤压构造背景,而塔北隆起北部正断层的出现却引起众多学者的关注.本文对塔北隆起北部正断层的成因机制进行了分析探讨.分析认为,根据正断层发育完全受基底古构造格架的控制,其成因源于再生前陆盆地挤压背景下基底构造活动对上覆构造层的影响,具体表现为:①基底受挤压强烈翘曲导致上覆脆性地层引张构造变形;②先存基底断块隐伏活动诱导上盘层系引起构造变形.得出正断层自西向东的持续发育随前陆盆地沉降中心的迁移而有规律性变化的结论.塔北隆起北部正断层的成因模式揭示了塔里木盆地北部基底—盖层统一构造变形的关系,对解释中国西北地区挤压构造背景下沉积盖层局部引张构造变形具有重要的地质意义.     

Palaeoenvironmental implication of the Plio-Pleistocene loess deposits in southern Tarim Basin

The sedimentary characteristics, grain-size distribution, geochemical composition and surface characteristics of quartz grains, together with palaeoenvironmental reconnaissance, all point to an aeolian origin for the intercalated siltstone beds in the Plio-Pleistocene Artux and Xiyu Formations along the southern margins of the Tarim Basin, indicating that loess deposition in the region started, at least, in the Early Pliocene. Loess deposition in the southern Tarim Basin was a response to the global deterioration, which might be attributed to the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.     

天山北麓玛纳斯河河流阶地变形与新构造运动

通过对玛纳斯河阶地的野外测量,研究了河流阶地的发育特征、拱曲变形和错断变形。阶地的变形特征表明山麓背斜带和玛纳斯背斜带一直在隆升,且隆起中心有向北迁移的趋势。阶地的错断状况表明断层F₂活动可以分为2个阶段,断层F₁的活动至少可以分为4个阶段。