中国暴雨泥石流危险性区划

泥石流是一种典型的突发性泥沙灾害，而中国是暴雨泥石流多发的国家之一．基于全国县市行政区的暴雨泥石流形成条件数据，运用突发性泥沙灾害危险性快速区划方法可以有效地进行中国暴雨泥石流危险性区划．区划结果按照泥石流危险度分为高、较高、中、较低、低五类区．中对区划结果的合理性进行了解释，通过敏感性分析说明了该方法的稳定性，最后将区划结果与采用其他区划方法获得的结果进行了比较并通过相似性和t-检验间接验证了该方法的准确性。     

中国滑坡崩塌危险性区划

中国滑坡、崩塌灾害日趋严重,对这两种突发性泥沙灾害进行危险性区划具有重要意义.根据滑坡崩塌发生机理选择危险度的基本指标,建立了基于县市行政区的形成条件数据库和重大灾害数据库.采用突发性泥沙灾害危险性快速区划方法将中国分为高危险度区、较高危险度区、中危险度区、较低危险度区和低危险度区.通过图形的叠加计算,对区划结果与形成条件分布的相关性进行分析.同时采用重大历史灾害分布统计,直接验证了快速区划方法的可靠性.     

河北省自然灾害区划与减灾

根据河北省自然灾害的区域分异规律和社会经济状况，提出了河北省自然灾害区划的原则、方法指标体系，进行了自然灾害区划，并同不同灾害区提出了防灾减灾对策。     

甘肃金昌大风沙尘气象灾害风险区划分析

通过综合分析影响金昌市大风沙尘气象灾害的致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性、承灾体易损性、防灾减灾能力等多个评价因子,建立基于ArcGIS应用技术的灾害风险指数评估模型,对金昌市开展大风沙尘气象灾害风险区划,将风险区划分为5个等级,分别为:低风险、次低风险、中度风险、次高风险、高风险。绘制大风沙尘气象灾害风险区划图,为科学制定气象灾害防御规划、防灾减灾、减低灾害损失提供技术参考。     

气象科普资源开发与建设探讨

随着社会经济的快速发展和人们防灾减灾意识的不断增强,气象科普知识越来越受到广泛关注。当前气象科技在不断发展,气象科学知识的普及步伐也要随之加大,对气象科普资源的开发和建设能够有效地提高社会公众对于突发性气象灾害的认识以及应对能力,有效地减少突发性气象灾害事件的发生,有效地降低气象灾害带来的损失和破坏程度。本文通过对气象科普资源现状的分析,结合当前气象科普资源利用存在的问题和不足,提出了气象科普资源开发和建设的方法与途经。     

21世纪非工程减灾措施之研究

针对近几年来洪灾损失大、旱灾持续时间长、沙尘暴影响范围广的具体情况,着重分析和研究突发性灾害、缓发性灾害的危害,探讨非工程措施在防灾抗灾和国民经济发展中的地位与作用,根据国家1998～2010年减灾规划,因地制宜地提出了非工程减灾防灾对策.     

三峡库区涉水重点滑坡危险性评价方法及防治对策——以白家包滑坡为例

三峡库区滑坡灾害众多,防灾减灾工作量巨大,危险性评价是滑坡防灾与减灾工作首要重视的关键内容.本文针对三峡库区特殊地理条件,选取平均坡度、岸坡结构类型等7项14个因素作为三峡库区重点滑坡危险性评价指标,构建评价指标体系.建立针对三峡库区重点滑坡的危险性分级标准.采用层次分析法确定评价因素权重,建立模糊综合评价模型.以三峡库区白家包滑坡为例,详细说明结合层次分析法的模糊综合评价的步骤,其结果与研究区域的滑坡灾情基本相符,并根据评价结果给出防治对策.该案例验证了评价方法的可行性,为滑坡的危险性评价及防灾减灾提供依据.     

基于栅格数据的气象灾害风险评估

全球变化背景下,洪涝、干旱、高温热浪和低温冷冻等气象灾害频发,给农业生产和生态环境带来严重损害.气象灾害风险评估与区划是灾害评估与管理的重要内容,本文利用江苏省气象水文数据、基础地理信息数据、社会经济数据、灾害数据,通过分析气象灾害(洪涝、干旱、高温热浪和低温冷冻)致灾因子、孕灾环境因子、承灾体易损性因子和防灾减灾因子等指标,利用GIS技术,建立了江苏省气象灾害风险评估模型,进而对气象灾害进行风险评价与区划.结果表明:(1)高温灾害苏南地区风险最大,苏北地区风险最小;(2)低温灾害风险在省内从北向南递降,高风险区位于苏北地区,低风险区位于苏南地区;(3)洪涝灾害高风险区主要位于苏北地区,淮安、宿迁、连云港以及盐城北部属洪涝灾害的高风险区,镇江、泰州和南通北部属于中风险区,而低风险区主要分布在徐州西部,无锡、苏州以及南通东南部;(4)旱灾风险从苏南向苏北递增,最大区域为宿迁、连云港西部及徐州东部,旱灾风险低值区位于苏州、无锡、镇江、泰州及南通北部.风险区划结果能直观反映出气象灾害的区域性差异,且与致灾因子危险性分布图一致,因此对气象灾害进行全面精准的预报是进行防灾减灾的主体,同时还应采取措施降低孕灾环境的敏感性,成灾体的易损性以及加强防灾减灾能力建设.     

知识服务驱动“一带一路”防灾减灾

 “一带一路”沿线是地震、干旱、洪水等灾害的高发区域，防灾减灾需求强烈，但关于该区域的防灾减灾数据和信息服务能力相对滞后。面向防灾减灾知识服务需求，阐述了知识服务的起源和知识服务系统的主要特征，构建了以全球灾害元数据库、防灾减灾知识网络和知识服务系统门户为核心的防灾减灾知识服务框架，建立防灾减灾知识服务系统，并分析了灾害元数据标准、灾害数据产品、灾害知识应用、灾害案例共享等基础应用。重点介绍了目前防灾减灾知识服务系统在“一带一路”沿线地区的典型应用，包括孕灾环境基础数据知识服务应用、耕地干旱水平时空展示专题知识应用、蒙古国孕灾环境土地覆盖全要素数据服务知识应用、中蒙俄经济走廊主要历史灾害知识应用和中蒙俄经济走廊草地产草量知识应用。从基于知识组织的灾害数据管理、基于数据共享的灾害资源导航、数据驱动的灾害信息产品、人工智能在防灾减灾中的应用、面向应急的快速灾害制图和社交媒体灾害数据挖掘6个方面进行了知识应用展望。     

我国自然灾害的经济特征与社会发展

根据统计，我国灾损财政比从约１／２０变化到约１／６，远高于发达国家。分省的灾损财政比在１％与１５０％之间。占总次数１％的重大灾害的经济损失占全部灾害直接损失的约１／４。重大灾害对城镇的发展有致命性打击。社会、行业、单元性防灾经济储备十分贫乏，公私财产防灾保险率很低，在经济相对发达地区也仅２～３％。灾后安置基本上依靠国家，城镇复建期可拖延达１０年以上，且总投入量尚不足以调制灾损财政比的严重波动。为提高减灾经济效能，建议采取的行动：以广义量化理论等方法估计综合国力增长的趋势及其对减灾投入的制约，提出国家减灾总投入及分项投入比例的建议；建立以灾损财政比为基础的灾害分区、分级管理，制订减灾救助条例；以减灾系统工程和减灾预案作为启动性投入，以推进“持续农业示范区”的工作；开展全国自然灾害保险区划，进行社会经济单元易损性综合评估，预测扩保潜力，提高个人防灾保险基金的储备。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that