刀额新对虾复眼的外部形态结构及光、暗适应对其超微结构的影响

应用电镜技术观察了刀额新对虾复眼的形态结构以及光、暗适应对其超微结构的影响．结果表明，刀额新对虾复眼外形呈圆球形，约由93116个小眼组成，组成复眼的小眼面均为正方形．每个小眼由折光系统和感光系统组成．光、暗适应时折光系统的结构基本相同，但感光系统之间有较大的差异．暗适应时，组成感杆束的微纤毛排列整齐，膜下储泡囊数量多，体积大，色素颗粒仅分布在细胞体远端；而光适应时，组成感杆束的微纤毛排列凌乱，并有部分溶解，多囊体多，各个层面上有板膜体的出现，色素颗粒分布于整个细胞．     

日本沼虾胚胎复眼发生的研究

应用光镜技术和透射电镜技术,研究了日本沼虾胚胎复眼的发生.在原肠期,胚区前端的外胚层细胞增殖形成视叶原基.发育至后无节幼体期开始形成视神经节.在前蚤状幼体早期胚胎出现复眼色素，同时构成复眼的细胞开始分化。前蚤状幼体晚期，复眼色素区扩大到复眼直径的一半。复眼由个眼构成，每个个眼由角膜、角膜生成细胞、晶锥、小网膜细胞等组成。超微结构显示，胚胎的复眼结构与成体的相似，但感杆束直径比成体小。至胚胎孵化，眼柄尚未发育完善。     

昆虫复眼的结构和功能

昆虫的复眼是昆虫最重要的光感受器,复眼是由一个个独立的小眼构成的,每个小眼主要是由角膜、晶锥、感杆束、色素细胞、基膜等组成.角膜和晶锥构成了复眼的屈光器,主要是起到透光、保护感受器和屈光的作用.感杆束和色素细胞可以随着光强的变化而变化,起到调节光量的作用,同时还起到视觉定向功能的作用.基膜是连接小眼和视神经的部分,起到了增加视神经感受性和支撑小眼的作用.     

罗氏沼虾复眼的形态和超微结构研究

用电子显微镜观察了日间光适应的罗氏沼虾复眼,结果显示其复眼呈圆球形,组成复眼的小眼为长方形,面积约为４７５μｍ ２⒚小眼由折光和感光两部分构成⒚几丁质的角膜分成数十层,成角膜细胞胞质呈网状,４ 个晶锥细胞远端为电子致密质,近端为电子透明质⒚７ 个小网膜细胞伸出的微纤毛组成了感杆束,其远端的直径约１．４μｍ ,中部的直径为７．４μｍ ,近端的直径只有１．７μｍ ⒚膜下储泡囊体积小,数量少,色素颗粒分布在整个细胞中⒚与短尾类的中华绒螯蟹复眼相比罗氏沼虾的复眼有其结构特异性     

糠虾复眼超微结构的观察

使用电子显微镜研究了糠虾（Mysis latreille）复眼的超微结构．透射电镜观察结果显示：晶锥由4个晶锥细胞组成，2个位于远端，电子较致密，另2个位于近端，电子较疏松，晶锥延伸至近端与感杆束相连；7个小网膜细胞组成复眼的感光系统，感杆束直径在远端过核切面约为7．8μm．糠虾复眼的超微结构显示其感光器结构较一般十足目动物为原始，胞质中的细胞器种类和数量较少，色素颗粒较大，形态不规则．     

罗氏沼虾幼体复眼发育扫描电镜观察

用扫描电镜研究了罗氏沼虾（Macrobrachium rosenbergii） 状幼体复眼形态发育,结果显示出从 Ⅰ到Ⅸ复眼的形态发生了变化。组成复眼的小眼由圆形、椭圆形的泡状突起发育成分布于不同部位的五边形、扁平六边形和四边形。小眼的平均面积由 Ⅰ期的94．4μm^2增长为 Ⅸ期的527．1μm^2。小眼的数量也随复眼的发育而逐步增多，由 Ⅰ期的122个左右增加到 Ⅸ的289个左右，复眼的表面积从 Ⅰ的0．01mm^2到 Ⅸ的0．15mm^2。观察结果说明： 状幼体复眼的面积的增大主要是由于小眼面积的增大而引起的。最早出现四边形小眼的部位是在复眼近体轴侧，到 Ⅸ远体轴侧仍然还有六边形小眼，说明小眼的发育顺序是从近体轴侧到远体轴侧。     

红螯螯虾光感受器的形态和超微结构

应用光镜和电镜技术研究显示,红螯螯虾的复眼为半球形,表面积约为21mm^2．其背面除一拇指状的区域外,其余部分都由小眼组成．小眼多为正方形,面积约为3700μm^2．每个小眼从远端到近端分别由角膜、4个角膜生成细胞、4个晶锥细胞组成的晶锥及小网膜细胞构成．小眼的感光系统由11个小网膜细胞组成,其中4个小网膜细胞位于晶锥之下,构成了感光部分的远端,7个小网膜细胞构成感光系统的近端主体,上下两部分有重叠．远端和近端的小网膜细胞在结构上有明显差异,远端的4个小网膜细胞的胞质较致密,但细胞器种类及数量较近端的小网膜细胞少．红螯螯虾的感光系统有两种类型的感光细胞,可能具有不同的生理功能．     

中华绒螯蟹复眼的组织学结构及扫描电镜观察

应用组织切片及扫描电镜技术研究了中华绒螯蟹复眼的形态结构，中华绒螯蟹的复眼约由21000个小眼组成，每个小眼由折射器、受纳器和反 光器组成。折射器包括角膜与晶状体，角膜覆盖在眼睛外部的表面，由复杂的几丁质组成，产生角膜的成角膜细胞位于角膜下方；晶状体由晶体细胞内部物质形成，位于角膜和感杆束之间，感杆束由小网膜细胞膜突起的微绒毛汇合形成；受纳器即小网膜；反光器由两种色素构成，即远端色素与近端色素小；小网膜细胞形成轴索，穿过基膜上的网眼，联系神经节瓣。     

菜粉蝶与蛱蝶复眼和视叶的形态学结构研究

菜粉蝶(PierisrapaeLinnaeus)与蛱蝶(VanessacarduiLinnaeus)复眼均为长椭圆形,菜粉蝶小眼数约为5065个,蛱蝶为9231个,蛱蝶复眼表面的角膜小眼面间生有刺毛.菜粉蝶复眼背腹夹角与前后夹角分别为180°和165°,蛱蝶分别为220°和180°.2种蝶都为并列相眼,晶锥由4个晶锥细胞分泌而成的倒圆锥形.每个小眼由8个小网膜细胞围绕视杆为中心组成,菜粉蝶复眼背方的小眼由4个着色深和4个着色浅的小网膜细胞围成.色素颗粒主要集中于晶锥两旁的6个色素细胞中,小网膜细胞两旁也具有少量色素分布.视叶由视叶神经节层、视髓质层、小叶复合体3部分构成.小叶复合体分为小叶和小叶板,小叶位于小叶板前部,约占复合体体积的2/3.神经元分布于视叶中的皮质.视神经节与第一视交叉前部、小叶前部、小叶板后部也分布有大神经元胞体.除一些中小型细胞外,还有较大的类似于运动神经元的细胞存在于小叶前部.     

糠虾复眼的形态发育

采用扫描电镜技术研究了糠虾(Mysis latreille)无节幼体到成体复眼的形态发育，结果显示幼体期复眼的发育还不完善，组成复眼的小眼仅为圆形的泡状浅突，相互间距大．组成糠虾成体复眼的小眼数量约为600个，小眼面为典型的正六边形，仅在复眼与眼柄交界处有四边形和五边形的小眼．复眼的增大在幼体期主要是由于小眼表面积增大引起的，在仔虾期后主要是由于小眼数量增多引起的．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~