酿酒酵母基因组的研究进展

酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)是第一个完成全基因组测序工作的真核生物,目前在结构基因组学、功能基因组学、模式生物、最小基因组、比较基因组学等方面的研究已经获得了重大的进展,为人类更深入地研究高等生物基因组打下了坚实的基础。本文将从这几个方面着手对酿酒酵母基因组的研究进展进行综述。     

基因组中的简单重复序列

简单重复序列广泛分布于原核和真核基因组.目前认为SSR主要由DNA复制时聚合酶滑 动导致链错配而形成.SSR在基因组中有其特定作用.某些细菌利用SSR获得"应急基因",以适应 环境变化.而在真核基因组中,SSR被发现可作为功能性的编码和调控元件.启动子区域的SSR在 其基因表达中起增强子作用.由于SSR具有高度多态性,所以可作为一种良好的分子标记应用于 各个领域.目前已对果蝇、线虫、酵母等模式生物做了全基因组范围的SSR探查.这些工作提供了 大量的SSR分子标记,为其更细致广泛的应用奠定了基础.该文就SSR的特征、组成、进化机制以 及功能和应用做了介绍和探讨.     

大肠杆菌基因组的组构

以１９９３年４月为止的ＤＮＡ序列资料为依据，讨论了一年来大肠杆菌基因的研究进展，并以日本和美国科学家分别完成的两大片段的序列资料为中心，评述了大肠杆菌基因组的组成特点及其生物学意义．     

啤酒花潜隐病毒新疆分离物的全基因组序列分析

对新疆啤酒花上获得的HpLV分离物HpLV-XJ进行了全长克隆和基因组序列分析。结果显示:HpLV-XJ的全基因组序列为8612个核苷酸(nt)(不包括poly A),含有6个开放阅读框(ORF),分别编码224 kDa(ORF1)、25kDa(ORF2)、11 kDa(ORF3)、7 kDa(ORF4)、34 kDa(ORF5)、和12 kDa(ORF6)蛋白。序列相似性分析结果表明,HpLV-XJ与HpLV(GenBank:AB032469)序列相似性达98.5%,6个开放阅读框的核苷酸序列相似性分别为98.3%、99.0%、97.6%、96.7%、99.5%和98.4%;由此推导的氨基酸序列相似性分别为98.6%、98.7%、97.2%、95.0%、99.4%和98.1%,各个基因的核苷酸序列和蛋白的氨基酸之间存在着一定的差异。     

马克斯克鲁维酵母FIM1基因组分析

马克斯克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces marxianus)是一种富有潜力的新型细胞工厂宿主菌。K.marxianus FIM1(CGMCC No.10621)基因组组装与注释已于2019年完成并在NCBI上公布(GCA＿001854445.2),但在应用该基因组信息时发现其仍不完善。所以本研究使用重测序的DNA-seq数据校验了K.marxianus FIM1的基因组序列,随后补充了K.marxianus FIM1的注释,并使用比较基因组学的方法进一步完善了K.marxianus FIM1的基因组信息。根据重测序比对结果,删除了测序数据无法覆盖的位点61处,共4 910 bp。K.marxianus FIM1新序列总长为10 909 543 bp,可覆盖酵母目保守基因库中99.5%的基因。同时对K.marxianus FIM1的非编码RNA、次级代谢产物基因簇的也进行了补充注释。进一步,我们使用基因组共线性分析的方法分析了K.marxianus FIM1在物种分化过程中基因排列顺序保守的区域,并将K.marxianus FIM1与NCBI公布的11株K.marxianus进行了...     

短小芽孢杆菌BA06的比较基因组分析

将短小芽孢杆菌BA06与其他18个短小芽孢杆菌菌株进行全基因组比较,鉴定出BA06基因组中有包括抗性岛、毒力岛、共生岛在内的12个基因组岛或噬菌体序列.基因家族分析鉴定出BA06有3个特异性基因家族,9个基因家族发生扩张,3个基因家族有所收缩.表明BA06在短小芽孢杆菌这一菌种中具有突出的抗药性与运动能力,并具有除皮革脱毛外更多的生物学特性.     

人类基因组中的非编码区信息

随着人类基因组计划地完成,非编码序列引起人们越来越多地关注。本文将介绍几种主要成分:内含子、可转移成分、简单重复序列,其中有些是人类疾病潜在病因,因此对它们的研究为一些疾病的治疗带来了广泛的前景。     

ERIC序列在不同细菌基因组中分布的分析

重复 DNA序列是细菌基因组中的一个重要组成部分 ,而 ERIC(IRU )序列是在肠道细菌基因组中发现的一类基因间重复序列。本研究使用 HMMER软件建立 ERIC序列族的模型 ,并用该模型对 4 6个已测序的菌株进行全基因组序列搜索 ,并对搜索结果进行比较分析 ,找出 ERIC(IRU )序列在不同细菌基因组中的分布规律 ,即 ERIC序列主要存在于肠道细菌中 ,并不是在细菌基因组中普遍存在的     

基因组装配中存在重复序列叠加时重叠群计数的推广的Lander-Waterman定理

针对基因组组装算法理论进行了改进,该研究对于经典的Lander-Waterman定理在repeatcollapse存在的情况下进行了推广,对于判断基因组组装的contig的个数是否合理,组装质量是否可靠有重要的参考价值。     

高等真核生物基因组isochore边界确定中的对称性

高等真核生物基因组的isochore结构与许多重要的生物学特征相关,而对其边界的确定则是isochore结构分析的重点,同时也是难点.针对基于Z曲线的累积GC轮廓图法、基于Shannon熵的递归分段算法以及基于二次散度的分段算法三种典型的应用,分析出其分段依据本质上是对于基因组序列求取碱基对换对称性的对称中心.基于此结...     

Cloning and characterization of a C genome-specific repetitive sequence inAegilops caudata L.

pAeca212 is 204 bp in length, and the G + C content is 51%. It disperses on all seven chromosome pairs ofAegilops caudata except centromeres and secondary constrictions. Compared with the 316893 DNA sequences registered in Genbank/EMBL/DDJB/PDB, pAeca212 is a new C-genome specific repetitive sequence. The results of genomic specificity analysis of pAece212 show that there are no hybridization signals detected in all donor Poaceae plants except in rye. pAeca212 is a very useful molecular marker in the study of the origin of Triticeace and the detection of C chromatin in wheat background.     

Construction of cDNA library, nucleotide sequence and analysis of entire genome of classical swine fever virus strain Shimen

According to the previously published CSFV sequences, 18 pairs of primers have been designed and synthesized, which cover the entire genome of CSFV strain Shimen. Each cDNA fragment has been amplified by RT-PCR from the anticoagulant blood of strain Shimen infected pig. The PCR products have been cloned respectively and sequenced. Results show that the cDNA library of strain Shimen and its nucleotide sequence have been obtained. The genomic RNA of strain Shimen is 12 298 nucleotides in length, containing a 5′ and a 3′ noncoding region 373 and 231 nt long respectively. The center of genome is a single large open reading frame of 11 697 nt which encodes a polyprotein of 3 898 amino acids. The entire sequence of strain Shimen has also been compared with that of other CSFV strains.     

Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the attenuated hog cholera virus Lapinized Chinese strain

The genomic sequence of the attenuated hog cholera virus Lapinized Chinese strain (HCLV) was determined from overlapping cDNA clones. The viral RNA of HCLV stain comprised 12 310 nucleotide (nt) including 374 nt and 239 nt at the 5′ and 3′-noncoding region, respectively. The complete genome sequence contained one large open reading frame which encoded an amino acid sequence of 3 898 residues with a calculated molecular weight of 437×10³. Although there were mostly only small differences between the sequence of the HCLV strain and the published sequences of strains ALD, GPE⁻, Alfort and Brescia, there was one notable insertion of 12 nucleotides, TTTTCTTTTTTC in the 3′ non-coding region of HCLV strain. Supported by the National Pandeng Project, Genbank accession number AF091507 Wang Jiafu: born in 1972, Ph. D.     

Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus:A new proposed Fijivirus species in the family Reoviridae

For the past several years, a novel dwarf disease has been observed on rice (Oryza sativa) in some regions of Guangdong Province and Hainan Province, southern China. Infected plants showed stunting, dark leaf and small enations on stem and leaf back. Typical Fijivirus viroplasma containing crystalline arrayed spherical virons approximately 70―75 nm in diameter and tubular structures were detected in ultrathin sections by an electron microscope in parenchyma phloem cells of the infected plants. The virus was transmitted to rice seedlings by white-backed planthoppers, Sogatella furcifera (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), collected in the diseased fields. Analysis of dsRNA extracts from infected plants revealed ten linear segments, which were similar to the electrophoretic profile of Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV). RT-PCR with a single primer which matched to a linker sequence ligated to both 3′ ends of the viral genomic dsRNAs resulted in amplification of genome segments 9 (S9) and 10 (S10) cDNA products. The complete nucleotide sequences of S9 and S10 were obtained from clones of the RT-PCR amplicon exhibited characteristic properties of Fijivirus including low GC content (34.5% and 35.6%), genus conserved 5′ and 3′ termini sequences and similar genome organization. Blast searches indicated that the sequences of S9 and S10 shared 68.8%―74.9% and 67.1%―77.4% nucleotide identities with those of viruses in the Fijivirus group 2, respectively. These values were similar to those among other viruses in the Fijivirus group 2 and considerably lower than those among RBSDV isolates. Phylogenetic trees based on S9 and S10 nucleotide sequences and their putative amino acid sequences showed that this virus represented a separate branch among other Fijiviruses. The virus was also detected by a nested RT-PCR assay in corn (Zea mays), barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli), Juncellus serotinus and flaccidgrass (Pennisetum flaccidum) in and/or adjacent to the infected rice fields. It is proposed that this virus be considered as a new species, Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus, in the group 2 of the genus Fijivirus in the family Reoviridae.     

Construction and identification of reverse genetics system of Dengue type 2 virus isolated in China

Dengue (DEN) viruses, mosquito-borne pathogens of the Flavivirus genus, Flaviviridae family, are envel- oped RNA viruses that contain a single-stranded, posi- tive-sense, capped RNA genome of approximately 11 kb. Single polypeptide is co-translationlly pr…     

Nucleotide sequence of RNA2 and polyprotein processing sites of a Chinese isolate of broad bean wilt virus 2

RNA2 of broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2) isolate B935 is composed of 3601 nucleotide (nt) residues, exclusive of the polyadenylate at the 3' end. Only one of the six possible reading frames has a long open reading frame, which extends from nt 231 to nt 3428 in the polarity of encapsidated RNA, and encodes a polyprotein of 119 kD. The N-terminus of the large coat protein (LCP) is located at 599 nt and the small coat protein (SCP) at 197 nl from the C-terminus of the 119 kD protein, which suggests that the coat proteins are released from the polyprotein by cleavages of a glulamine-glycine (Q-G) and a glutamine-alanine (Q-A) bond respectively. The sequence comparison of B935 with fabaviruses shows that B935 has very high sequence homology with other BBWV2 isolates and with patchoul' mild mosaic virus, but has lower homology with BBWV1 isolates. B935 has a similar genomic organization, but a low sequence homology to RNA2 molecules of comoviruses and nepoviruses.     

Complete Nucleotide Strain Sequence of a Newly Avirulent Newcastle Disease Virus Hubei 92（HB92） Strain

A new avirulent, heat-resistance HB92 strain of newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) was acquired from Australia V4 strain. Its complete nucleotides sequence was first determined. The entire genome of NDV HB92 consists of 15 186 nucleotides (GenBank accession no. AY225110). It was demonstrated by sequence analysis that nucleotides homology of HB92 strain with virulent strain ZJ1 were 83.9%, and the homology compared with avirulent vaccine strain La Sota and B1 were 94. 0% and 93. 5%, respectively. These results might be contributive to the study of the molecular mechanism of evolution of the NDV strain HB92 and to develop the engineered recombinant vaccine.     

猪瘟病毒分子生物学与致病机制研究进展

猪瘟是由猪瘟病毒感染导致的高度接触性传染病,家猪和野猪对该病原易感.该病主要特征是高热、微血管变性而引起实质器官出血、坏死,是世界上危害最严重猪病之一,给养猪业带来重大损失.综述了猪瘟病毒基因组、蛋白质功能以及致病机理的最新研究进展,为相关研究人员参考.