空气源热泵毛细管节流空调系统的研究

根据气液两相流动的均相流假设,建立了绝热毛细管的分布参数模型.在冷热工况下空调系统制冷剂充注量差值的基础上,采用该模型模拟计算了应用毛细管节流的热泵型空调系统中主副毛细管的长度.将储液器法和采用主副毛细管控制制冷剂流量这两种方法进行了对比分析,结果表明,在控制系统高低压差和制冷剂流量时,两种方法各有利弊.因此,提出了采用主副毛细管和增加储液器相结合的方法控制热泵型空调系统冷热工况下的制冷剂流量.     

毛细管双相临界流动的研究

本文在气液双相流动滑移模型的基础上,建立了R12制冷剂在毛细管内发生临界流动的数学模型,结果表明,临界压力和临界流量的计算值与实验数据相吻合。     

制冷剂在毛细管内流动过程的数值模拟及程序实用化

本文给出了一个既考虑热力学非平衡的影响,又考虑汽、液相间相对速度的毛细管内带有汽化过程的两相流数学模型。模型计算结果与试验数据的一致性及计算程序的实用化处理表明,它不仅可用来分析制冷剂在毛细管内的流动机理和特性,还可应用于小型制冷系统设计中毛细管几何参数的选择及系统的参数匹配。     

绝热毛细管中制冷剂流动特性的-阶积分模型

制冷剂在绝热毛细管内的流动因存在汽液两相流而较为复杂．本文通过引入两相流区压力和比容之间的一阶近似式,获得该问题的一阶近似积分解．在常见的制冷空调工况范围内,以制冷剂CFC-12、HFC-134a和HC-600a为工质,对该模型与分布参数模型进行了对比;同时也与实验数据进行了对比．结果表明与分布参数模型的平均偏差小于1％,与实验数据亦较好吻合;计算速度较分布参数模型提高了一个数量级以上．     

绝热毛细管中制冷剂流动特性的一阶积分模型

制冷剂在绝热毛细管内的流动因存在汽液两相流而较为复杂．本通过引入两相流区压力和比容之间的一阶近似式,获得该问题的一阶近似积分解．在常见的制冷空调工况范围内,以制冷剂CFC-12、HFC-134a和HC-600a为工质,对该模型与分布参数模型进行了对比;同时也与实验数据进行了对比．结果表明：与分布参数模型的平均偏差小于1％,与实验数据亦较好吻合;计算速度较分布参数模型提高了一个数量级以上。     

有机废气净化生物膜滴滤塔代谢产热的理论模型

将生物膜滴滤塔内的多孔填料简化为由多个管内覆盖有生物膜的竖直毛细管并行排列构成的填料，建立了一个净化低浓度有机废气的代谢产热毛细管模型.在模型中，首先，结合生化反应动力学理论，考虑气液界面、液膜和生物膜内的传质阻力以及氧对微生物生化反应的限制，获得了污染物在生物膜滴滤床内的浓度分布；再运用生化反应代谢产热理论，考虑生物降解和液膜的导热热阻，建立了生物膜和气液两相中的能量方程；最后，对方程进行离散迭代求解，获得了生物膜滴滤床内的温度分布.理论模型预测结果与实验值基本吻合. 计算结果表明：气液流量一定，结构参数不变时，进口污染物浓度越高，滴滤塔出口气体温度也越高；污染物进口浓度一定时，滴滤塔出口气体温度随气体流量的增大而上升，而随着液体流量的增加而下降.     

氮气在缩放喷管中非平衡自发凝结的数值研究

针对氮气在收缩型喷管中自发凝结的两相流动,采用经典成核理论来计算气液两相间的质量传递,选用Standard Redlich Kwong气体状态方程,忽略了气液相之间的速度滑移,利用商业软件CFX中的非平衡凝结模型进行了二维数值模拟。通过对成核率的量级、压力和带液量变化趋势及开始凝结的位置等模拟结果的分析,验证了模型和数值计算的有效性。进一步的数值模拟结果表明:相比于无凝结的绝热膨胀过程,相变释放潜热及气液之间的导热会加热气体,使得气流压力升高、马赫数降低。平衡凝结模型及非平衡凝结模型的对比显示,非平衡数值模型能够更好地揭示低温下氮气自发凝结的两相膨胀过程。     

变制冷剂流量制冷循环性能与气液两相流流型的研究

实验应用流动显示方法,发现变制冷剂流量制冷循环的蒸发器入口(也是膨胀阀出口)的制冷剂流动存在两类不同的气液两相流流型--液气分相流和泡气分相流,并且存在流型转变的过渡区域.在不同的气液两相流流型时,变制冷剂流量制冷循环的制冷量、过热度、排气温度等性能截然不同,在流型转变的过渡区域,制冷循环处于波动之中.     

双相临界流动中滑移比问题的研究

本文探讨了双相临界流动中滑移比的问题,并在实验的基础上,提出了一种适用于制冷剂在毛细管内发生临界流动时的滑移比计算方法。结果表明,采用低滑移模型计算临界流量不仅与实验数据相吻合,而且在宏观机理上也能得到比较满意的解释。     

亚临界CO2在缩放喷管中降压膨胀的数值模拟

忽略两相间的滑移速度,采用Fluent中的混合模型对亚临界CO2过冷液体进入缩放喷管降压膨胀产生气泡的两相流动过程进行了二维数值模拟.其中,气液两相间单位体积内的质量传递率采用空化模型理论进行计算.计算工况如下:喷管液体CO2进口压力为61MPa,温度为29315K,喷管出口为两相状态.计算结果显示,CO2工质流经喉部时,压力急剧降低,相间的质量传递率达到最大值,CO2工质发生相变;工质进入扩散段后,随着压力降低,气体份额不断增大,喷管出口压力为165MPa时,气体体积份额约为093.数值模拟值与实验值对比结果为,计算压力与实测压力值最大误差不超过101%,计算温度与实测温度值最大误差不超过19%.数值模拟揭示了亚临界CO2在喷管中的气液两相膨胀过程.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with