Finding of Neoproterozoic （～775 Ma） magmatism recorded in metamorphic complexes from the North Qilian orogen： Evidence from SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating

The Qilian Mountain is considered a part of the Cen- tral Orogenic Belt of China[1]. The Central Orogenic Belt of China, extending for a distance of about 4000 km long in the E-W direction from the east coast west- ward through the mainland China all the …     

Neoproterozoic magmatic activity and global change

Neoproterozoic is a very important time in the history of the Earth, during which occurred supercontinent breakup, low-latitude glaciation, and biotic diversification.These concern a series of interdisciplinary studies involving ancient plate motion, climate change and life evolution, resulting in many forefront topics of general interest in the earth sciences. These include exact ages bracketing the Cryogenian System and glaciations, initial age and lasted duration of supercontinent breakup, dynamic reconstruction of China continents in supercontinental configurations, the nature of rift magmatism and extent of hydrothermal alteration, paleoclimatic implication of water-rock interaction and Iow-^18O magmatism, and relationship between supercontinental evolution and global change. A number of outstanding advances in the above aspects have being made by Chinese scientists, leaving many important issues to be resolved: (1)did the Cryogenian start at either 800 to 820 Ma or 760 to 780 Ma? (2) was South China in the supercontinental configuration located in either southeast to Australia or north to India? (3) are Paleoproterozoic to Archean ages of crustal rocks a valid parameter in distinguishing North China from South China? Available observations suggest that Neoproterozoic mantle superwelling occurred as conspicuous magmatism in South China but as cryptical magmatism in North China. Mid-Neoproterozoic mantle superplume event and its derived rift-magmatism would not only result in the supercontinental demise, but also play a very important role in the generation and evolution of the snowball Earth event by initiating the global glaciation, causing the local deglaciation and terminating the snowball Earth event.     

Zircon U-Pb dating for the earliest Neoproterozoic mafic magmatism in the southern margin of the North China Block

Geological records of Neoproterozoic magmaticevents have recently been identified in the central Phanerozoic orogenic belts of China[1]. In regions of east Qinling orogen[2], Dabie-Sulu orogen[3], north Qaidam Basin orogen[4―6], and southwest Tarim Basin…     

U-Pb dating of detrital zircons from the Wudangshan Group in the South Qinling and its geological significance

U-Pb dating was made by the LA-ICP-MS method for detrital zircons from the Wudangshan volcanic-sedimentary succession in the South Qinling. Samples comprise quartz sandstones of the Wudangshan Group collected from the base of the Yangping Formation and an upper layer of the Shuangtai Formation overlain its volcanic sequence, and two river-sand collections from the drainage systems cutting across the two formations, respectively. The results show that the Yangping detrital zircons are dominated by 830–780 Ma grains with a minor population of ~1.0–0.84 Ga and sporadic grains of ~2.6, ~2.4 and 2.0 Ga, whereas the Shuangtai zircons yield an upper intercept age of 763±33 Ma, identical to the timing of the Wudangshan volcanism within error, with few concordant grains of 1.9 and 0.86 Ga. Age spectra for the two river-sand samples are similar to those of the Yangping and Shuangtai Formations, respectively. It thus suggests that the Wudangshan strata are less than 780 Ma, whereas their major detrital zircon populations of 1.0–0.85 Ga and 830–780 Ma are consistent with timing of the Hannan magmatic activities along the northwestern margin of the South China Block. This suggests a Hannan or adjacent area provenance for the Wudangshan strata. The Wudang area is characterized by rift-related igneous events at ~755 and ~680 Ma, respectively, pointing to a tectono- magmatic history different from the Hannan area. It is inferred that the ~755 Ma magmatism is likely to indicate a separation of the South China Block from the supercontinent Rodinia, while the ~680 Ma event suggests a further split between the South Qinling and some unknown continent.     

陕南铜厂闪长岩体的成岩、成矿时代及其地质意义

铜厂闪长岩体位于扬子地台北缘勉县-略阳-阳平关三角地块区域内, 主要由闪长岩、石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩组成。LA-ICPMS 和 SHRIMP 锆石U-Pb 同位素定年结果表明铜厂闪长岩体存在 3 个侵位结晶阶段: 早期阶段的闪长岩形成于 879 ±7 Ma; 中期阶段的石英闪长岩形成于 848±5 ～840±7 Ma, 含矿钠长岩脉于 834±7 Ma侵位结晶, 与中期阶段石英闪长岩侵位时代在误差范围内一致; 晚期阶段花岗闪长岩形成于 824±5 Ma。这些新的年代学数据表明铜厂闪长岩体及其相伴生的大型铜厂铜矿形成于晋宁期, 而不是古生代, 揭示了扬子地台北缘存在重要的新元古代早期岩浆活动, 与 Rodinia 超大陆的裂解事件在时间上( 860 ～750 Ma) 基本一致, 是Rodinia 超大陆事件在扬子地台北缘的重要响应。     

Detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology and Hf isotopic compositions of Middle–Upper Ordovician sandstones from the Quruqtagh area,eastern Tarim Basin:implications for sedimentary provenance and tectonic evolution

Figuring out whether the sedimentary provenance regions of the thick deep-water turbidite systems deposited during Middle–Upper Ordovician in South Quruqtagh are the intracontinental uplifts or the peripheral orogenic belts is of great significance for us to understand the tectono-sedimentary nature of the northeastern Tarim Basin and basin-range coupling processes in the middle Paleozoic.This paper reports the in situ LA-ICP-MS U–Pb ages and Hf isotope data on detrital zircons from two Middle–Upper Ordovician sandstone samples which were collected from the Charchag Formation and the Zatupo Formation in South Quruqtagh,respectively.The results show that the studied two samples have extremely similar U–Pb age patterns and Hf isotopic compositions,reflecting multiphase tectonothermal events with age groups of 527–694,713–870 Ma(peaking at 760 Ma),904–1,090,1,787–2,094 Ma(peaking at 1,975 Ma)and 2,419–2,517 Ma.Combining previous studies,the presence of age groups of 713–1,090 and1,787–2,094 Ma,respectively,demonstrates that Tarim had ever been a part of Rodinia and Columbia supercontinent.Moreover,98%of 713–870 Ma detrital zircons are characterized by negative e Hf(t)values ranging from-38.07 to-0.61,which are highly consistent with those of Neoproterozoic granites from the Quruqtagh area.No Early Paleozoic ages(*470–500 Ma)signifying subduction or collision events in Altyn Tagh were detected in the two samples,indicating that the Middle–Late Ordovician sediments in South Quruqtagh and northern Mangar depression were mainly derived from intracontinental uplifts,i.e.,the North Quruqtagh uplift or the Tabei paleo-uplift,rather than the Altyn Tagh.In conjunction with regional sedimentary-tectonic background and previous studies,we proposed preliminarily that the northeastern Tarim remained as a passive continental margin in Late Ordovician and changed into an active-continental margin in Silurian due to the southward subduction of the South-Tianshan Ocean.     

Formation and evolution of Precambrian continental crust in South China

The occurrence of zircons with U-Pb ages of ~3.8 Ga and Hf model ages of ~4.0 Ga in South China suggests the existence of the Hadean crustal remnants in South China. Furthermore, a detrital zircon with a U-Pb age as old as 4.1 Ga has been found in Tibet. This is the oldest zircon so far reported in China. These results imply that continental crust was more widespread than previously thought in the late Hadean, but its majority was efficiently reworked into Archean continental crust. On the basis of available zircon U-Pb age and Hf isotope data, it appears that the growth of continental crust in South China started since the early Archean, but a stable cratonic block through reworking did not occur until the Paleoproterozoic. Thus the operation of some form of plate tectonics may occur in China conti- nents since Eoarchean. The initial destruction of the South China craton was caused by intensive magmatic activity in association with the assembly and breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia during the Neoproterozoic. However, most of the Archean and Paleoproterozoic crustal materials in South China do not occur as surface rocks, but exist as sporadic crustal remnants. Nevertheless, the occur- rence of Neoproterozoic magmatism is still a signature to distinguish South China from North China.     

Geochronology of the Hannan intrusive complex to adjoin the Qinling orogen and its rapid cooling reason

The geochronological works for the Hannan intrusive complex, cosisting of the gabbro-quartz dio-rite-plagiogranite bodies, in the north border of the Yangtze craton block, adjoining the Qinling orogen, are reported, because its age and genesis are of great importance to research of the tectonic evalutional history for the Qinling orogen and of the rifted processes for the Late Proterozoic supercontinent Rodinia. A good isochron of t=(837±26) Ma (2σ), corresponding to INd=0.51165±2(2σ), εNd(t)=+1.9, MSWD1.02, was difined by the Nd isotopic analytical results for the 21 whole-rock samples from the varied lithological complex bodies, but for the Rb-Sr isotopic aralytical data there is no isochron. The 40Ar/39Ar plateau age of the biotite, sorted from plagiogranites, is (796±20) Ma(2σ), and yet for the Rb-Sr isotopic data of the plagiogranite whole-rock samples (WR) and the sorted biotite (Bio), plagioclase (Plag) and apatite (Apt) mineral samples from the plagiogranitewhole-rock samples, an isochron of t=(824.86±3.8) Ma (2σ) with ISr=0.70393±14(2σ), MSWD2.44 is given. The U-Pb isotopic results for the single zircon, sorted from pla-giogranite samples, yielded an upper and a lower intercept ages of -876 Ma and -273 Ma. The Nd isotope data of complex indicate that it is probably the products of crystallization differentiation from the magma with 3333Nd>0 when the rapid uplift in 837-800 Ma took place in the northern border of the Yangtze craton block.     

浙西北钟吕群流纹岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其年代地层学意义

 钟吕群出露于浙西北地区,为一套强变形、浅变质的碎屑岩-火山岩系,其下未见底,上被南华纪休宁组不整合覆盖。传统上将其对比于赣东北双桥山群。本文主要研究钟吕群流纹岩的锆石U-Pb 年龄。样品A120408-4 采自苏庄断层以北,层位上属钟吕群的中上部,岩性为灰白色致密块状流纹岩,强烈片理化。样品A120408-4 中获得大量锆石,完成LA-ICP-MS 锆石UPb定年测点38 个,获得年龄加权平均值为(777.1±3.6)Ma,结合地层特点及变质变形特征,得出钟吕群主体相当于河上镇群上墅组,应属扬子古陆新元古代晚期大陆裂谷的地质记录。     

椭圆曲线L(1)的3-adic赋值达到下界的判别

设 K 为三次分圆域,E _D^[[lambda]] :y²=x³-2⁴ 3 ³ D^[lambda]为定义在 K 上的椭圆曲线, 其中 D 为 K 中无平方因子的代数整数, [lambda]属于Z . 邱德荣用一个非常复杂的函数给出了当 [lambda]=2,4 时E _D^[lambda] 的 Hecke L- 函数在点 1 处的值(除以椭圆周期) 恰被 3 ^{n/2 -1} 整除 的充要条件. 本文用加权图的语言给出了这个充要条件一个简单的组合论的刻画.     

基于新型核酸适配体-荧光分子检测探针的石斑鱼虹彩病毒病快速诊断

【目的】石斑鱼虹彩病毒(Singapore grouper iridovirus,SGIV)是引起华南沿海地区重要海水养殖鱼类石斑鱼(Epinephelus tauvina)发生病毒性鱼病的主要病毒性病原之一,其引起的鱼病具有发病迅速、死亡率高、流行面广等特点,严重威胁华南地区石斑鱼养殖业的健康可持续发展。着力发展操作便捷、成本低、耗时短、准确度高的SGIV快速检测技术,对于及早发现、确定病原,进而有的放矢地制定治疗方案来控制病原扩散、降低损失至关重要。【方法】基于核酸适配体(Q2)就SGIV病的快速检测诊断技术进行系统研究,开发出一种新型的核酸适配体-荧光分子检测探针(Aptamer Q2-based fluorescent molecular probe,Q2-AFMP),并对Q2-AFMP检测SGIV感染的特异性、灵敏性和稳定性进行分析。【结果】Q2-AFMP可以特异性检测SGIV感染,且其灵敏性和稳定性均比较高。【结论】本研究中基于核酸适配体构建的新型高特异性荧光分子探针(Q2-AFMP)有望实现对海水养殖中石斑鱼虹彩病毒病的快速诊断、实时监控和有效预防。     

Supercontinent cycles and the calculation of absolute palaeolongitude in deep time

Traditional models of the supercontinent cycle predict that the next supercontinent--'Amasia'--will form either where Pangaea rifted (the 'introversion' model) or on the opposite side of the world (the 'extroversion' models). Here, by contrast, we develop an 'orthoversion' model whereby a succeeding supercontinent forms 90° away, within the great circle of subduction encircling its relict predecessor. A supercontinent aggregates over a mantle downwelling but then influences global-scale mantle convection to create an upwelling under the landmass. We calculate the minimum moment of inertia about which oscillatory true polar wander occurs owing to the prolate shape of the non-hydrostatic Earth. By fitting great circles to each supercontinent's true polar wander legacy, we determine that the arc distances between successive supercontinent centres (the axes of the respective minimum moments of inertia) are 88° for Nuna to Rodinia and 87° for Rodinia to Pangaea--as predicted by the orthoversion model. Supercontinent centres can be located back into Precambrian time, providing fixed points for the calculation of absolute palaeolongitude over billion-year timescales. Palaeogeographic reconstructions additionally constrained in palaeolongitude will provide increasingly accurate estimates of ancient plate motions and palaeobiogeographic affinities.     

丙烯酰胺/氧化-还原引发体系的反相乳液聚合

采用煤油为油相,Span80和Op10为复配乳化剂,以K2S2O8-Na2SO3氧化-还原体系为引发剂,研究了丙烯酰胺的反相乳液聚合.通过考察引发剂浓度、单体浓度、乳化剂用量、反应温度对反应速率及分子量的影响,确定了动力学表达式: Rmax∝[I]0.68 [M]1.290[E]0.71,Mη∝[I]-3.66[M]0.640[E]-0.77;聚合表观活化能Ea=41.11 kJ/mol.反应速率-时间曲线上未出现恒速平台,聚合过程不存在恒速期;扫描电镜未观察到反应后乳胶粒径比反应前乳胶粒径有数量级的下降;搅拌速率较低时,聚合反应的转化率-时间曲线常呈不规则形状,结果不易重复且乳胶粒径较大,这些都证实该聚合反应的成核机理为单体液滴成核.     

Magnetostratigraphy of the Zanda basin in southwest Tibet Plateau and its tectonic implications

The Zanda basin is one of the very important basins at the north slope of the Himalaya Range. Thus the study of the basin strata will provide critical information about the tectonic evolution of the Himalayan Orogenic Belt. 268 oriented block samples were collected in the 750-m-thick sections of the Zanda basin. The characteristic remanent magnetization （ChRM） was isolated that decays linearly to the origin between 500℃ and 690℃for most studied samples. An age range of 9.5-2.6 Ma was estimated from the correlation between our observed polarity column and the Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale （GPTS）. The age of the Zanda basin does not support the models that the South Tibetan Detach system （STDS） is one of the basin controlling faults. Given the sedimentological features in the basin and the tectonic features at the north edge of the basin, the Zanda basin was a half graben that was possibly controlled by the Karakorum fault on the northeast.     

清代广西伏波庙地理分布与伏波祭祀圈探析

清代广西伏波庙的地理分布及其相关传说,表明了民间社会对东汉马援征交趾史实的一种集体记忆。伏波庙集中分布在桂东北、桂东南及桂西南地区,大体上与马援南征路线相吻合,形成了一个以马援为主神的祭祀圈,折射出汉文化自北向南传播的历史过程。     

Rodinia裂解与华南微板块形成和演化

介绍了Rodinia研究的历史、现状及主要进展,分析了华南相关地块在Rodinia中的位置以及从Rodinia到Pangea的演化历程.分析结果表明,扬子陆块从Rodinia裂离后,其间在Gondwana形成时,可能发生过湘桂地体、云开地体、浙闽地体、保山地体和腾冲地体的碰撞拼贴造山作用过程.在古特提斯演化阶段,这些地体随古特提斯洋的开启而与扬子陆块裂离,并逐渐形成多岛洋的构造格局,之后又随Pangea的形成而再次与扬子陆块碰撞拼贴增生.因此,Rodinia,Gondwana,Pangea等的形成、裂解和裂离后地体的拼贴增生是认识华南大地构造格局和演化的关键之一.Rodinia应该是华南大地构造研究值得重视的重要课题.     

The rapid drift of the Indian tectonic plate

The breakup of the supercontinent Gondwanaland into Africa, Antarctica, Australia and India about 140 million years ago, and consequently the opening of the Indian Ocean, is thought to have been caused by heating of the lithosphere from below by a large plume whose relicts are now the Marion, Kerguelen and Réunion plumes. Plate reconstructions based on palaeomagnetic data suggest that the Indian plate attained a very high speed (18-20 cm yr(-1) during the late Cretaceous period) subsequent to its breakup from Gondwanaland, and then slowed to approximately 5 cm yr(-1) after the continental collision with Asia approximately 50 Myr ago. The Australian and African plates moved comparatively less distance and at much lower speeds of 2-4 cm yr(-1) (refs 3-5). Antarctica remained almost stationary. This mobility makes India unique among the fragments of Gondwanaland. Here we propose that when the fragments of Gondwanaland were separated by the plume, the penetration of their lithospheric roots into the asthenosphere were important in determining their speed. We estimated the thickness of the lithospheric plates of the different fragments of Gondwanaland around the Indian Ocean by using the shear-wave receiver function technique. We found that the fragment of Gondwanaland with clearly the thinnest lithosphere is India. The lithospheric roots in South Africa, Australia and Antarctica are between 180 and 300 km deep, whereas the Indian lithosphere extends only about 100 km deep. We infer that the plume that partitioned Gondwanaland may have also melted the lower half of the Indian lithosphere, thus permitting faster motion due to ridge push or slab pull.     

Discussion on the Neoproterozoic glaciations in the South China Block and their related paleolatitudes

The Kaigas, Sturtian, Marinoan, and Gaskiers glaciations are widely recognized in Neoproterozoic. However, in the South China Block only the Jiangkou （Sturtian） and Nantuo （Marinoan） are symbolized by sedimentary records. The Kaigas, recorded by isotopic and chemical proxies, exhibited likely the nature of cold paleoclimate with local mountain glaciation. The correlation of the Doushantuo Formation with the Gaskiers is indicated by the carbon isotope excursion and the dated age from the interval, however the South China Block was then under non-glacial weather. With no paleomagnetic data, the position of the South China Block during the Sturtian glaciation cannot be determined. The paleolatitudes of the South China Block during the Kaigas and Nantuo glaciations are intermediate, even though the Nantuo was once rendered erratically deduced equatorial. In fact, the paleolatitudes of the South China Block during the Neoproterozoic glaciations are all likely at about 30°-40°.     

SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating for the dacite of the Sangxiu Formation in the central segment of Tethyan Himalaya and its implications

The Tethyan Himalaya is located between the In-dus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone to the north and HigherHimalayan crystallines to the south, paleogeographicallybelonging to the northern margin of “Greater India”. TheSangxiu Formation is used to define a series of specialstrata with rich volcanic interbeds, and is only distributedto the southeast of Yangzuoyong Co within 200 km×50 km along the eastern part of central Tethyan Hima-laya[1]. Based on overlapped relationships of strata andfos…     

黔东南新元古代花岗质岩石地球化学特征及大地构造背景研究

黔东南地区南加、刚边花岗岩体是黔桂边境摩天岭花岗岩基的北延部分,对其采样并进行常量元素及微量元素地球化学测试。花岗岩SiO2含量介于69.14%-77.14%之间,Na2O+K2O含量为6.92%-7.73%,在侵入岩TAS图解上落入花岗闪长岩及花岗岩区,为亚碱性钙碱系列岩石,轻重稀土比值(LREE/HREE)在3.22-7.41之间,轻稀土较重稀土明显富集,且显示明显的负铕异常。综合研究表明:黔东南刚边及南加花岗岩是碰撞的大地构造背景上的花岗岩,形成于主碰撞之后,即属碰撞后花岗岩;本区花岗岩形成与地幔柱活动无关,且不能作为Rodinia裂解的岩石证据。