岩石三轴全应力应变过程中的渗透规律

通过岩石三轴压缩渗透试验,揭示了岩石在全应力应变过程中的渗透规律,发现岩石渗透率一般不是常数,而是随应力应变过程中岩石内部结构演化特征改变,岩石渗透峰值多发生在岩石破坏后的应变软件阶段,因此,防止岩石破坏与控制岩石破坏后变形的进一步发展,对于预防岩层突水事故是同等重要的。     

异常高压气藏储层应力敏感性研究

异常高压气藏开采过程中,由于流体的产出,使储层岩石受力发生改变并使储层岩石发生弹塑性变形;而弹塑性变形反过来又影响到储层的孔隙度和渗透率,因此,研究储层孔隙度和渗透率应力敏感性具有极其重要的意义.本文基于岩石力学的基本理论,推导出异常高压气藏岩石变形规律及变形方程,以此理论推导指导试验,将理论研究与实验规律相结合,在模拟地层条件下,对实际岩心样品进行了储层应力敏感性实验研究.实验研究表明,该方法能精确的描述储层孔隙度和渗透率应力敏感性,实验结果与理论推导结果完全吻合,进一步证明了理论推导的正确.进而探讨了异常高压气藏储层应力敏感性对气藏开发的影响.     

基于温度与压力双重作用的致密储层渗透率定量评价模型

为了建立油气开采过程中,储层渗透率随温度、孔隙压力变化而改变的定量评价模型,假定岩石仅产生弹性变形,根据多孔介质弹性力学理论,推导出岩石孔隙体积和尺寸的应力-应变关系;再应用管流模拟渗流,根据Kozeny-Carman方程得到渗透率随温度、孔隙压力变化的定量计算模型.针对常规渗透率测试存在的问题,改进实验方法,模拟真实储层温度压力条件,开展了岩心力学和渗透率同步实验.研究结果表明,模型计算的渗透率损失与实验测试结果吻和良好.模型适用于裂缝不发育的致密岩石在弹性变形范围内的渗透率定量计算.随着油气采出,孔隙压力下降,导致渗透率减小,而地层温度降低,导致渗透率增大,这两方面对渗透率的影响具有相互抵消的作用.因此,由于温度、孔隙压力变化引起的储层岩石渗透率总体变化很小,一般不超过±2％.     

加压时间对储层岩心渗透率的影响

目前储层应力敏感性研究仅限于有效覆压对渗透率的影响,忽略了加压时间对岩石变形的作用.在高压孔渗仪上用拟三轴岩心夹持器和天然岩心,考察了加压时间对岩石渗透率的影响,提出并计算了单位覆压下渗透率绝对变化速率和相对变化速率.结果表明,岩石变形或渗透率变化与时间有关,渗透率随加压时间的延长而降低.在加压初期渗透率变化幅度较大,随着时间的延长,渗透率变化逐渐变缓;幂函数在总体趋势上能拟合渗透率随时间的变化,其拟合误差在工程应用的合理范围内;基础渗透率大于4.6×10-3 μm2的岩心,渗透率下降主要发生在4 h内;渗透率绝对变化速率随时间的延长而降低;渗透率绝对变化速率和相对变化速率与岩石物性有关,岩心基础渗透率越高,渗透率绝对变化速率越大,相对变化速率越小.渗透率相对变化速率的建立,为储层应力敏感性评价提供了一个新的定量参数.     

致密岩石变形破坏过程中渗透率演化的试验研究

为了研究致岩石在变形破坏过程中的渗透率变化特点,利用自适应全自动岩石三轴试验机对致密脆性的花岗片麻岩进行了不同孔隙压力下的渗透试验．试验结果表明：岩石不同变形阶段的渗流特性明显不同;在孔隙压力不大的情况下,岩石本身的裂隙发育情况与孔隙压力相比,对渗透率占主导作用;环向应变更能体现岩石发生软化屈服破坏的过程,在体现渗透率变化上响应更灵敏．在试验的基础上进一步探讨了应力-应变过程中渗流应力耦合的机理,分析了岩石细观力学性质对屈服破坏前期渗透率“突跳”的影响．     

片状岩石全应力应变压缩过程及力学机制试验研究

为了解片状岩石的全应力应变压缩过程及力学机制,利用RMT-150C岩石力学刚性伺服试验系统,对绿泥石片岩和云母石英片岩进行压缩力学试验.基于试验结果,得到岩石全应力应变压缩过程,提出峰前压密、线弹性、微裂隙稳态扩展和微裂隙不稳态扩展4个变形阶段以及峰后应变软化、残余应力稳定两个变形阶段,分析岩石在各阶段的强度变形特性以及体应变、横向应变和轴向应变之间的关系;详细探讨压缩条件下水对试样物理力学性质的影响规律,重点对比峰值强度、弹性(变形)模量等指标的敏感程度和围压效应;并揭示片状岩石在压缩状态下的破裂模式,将整个破坏过程分为单一剪切破裂、鼓状破裂、Y字形破裂及平行劈裂4种形式.     

循环加卸载下岩样变形与强度特征试验

基于在伺服试验机上对不同晶粒大理岩样进行单轴循环加卸载试验,研究了岩石的变形与强度特征.结果表明,岩石材料具有明显的记忆性,岩样循环加卸载过程的外包络线与单调加载的全程应力-应变曲线相吻合,加卸载路径不能完全重复,应力与应变之间不存在一一对应关系,岩样的线性变形并不意味着弹性变形;循环加卸载对岩石力学参数的影响不是很大,其偏差在正常离散范围以内;整个循环加卸载过程中,岩样的杨氏模量及能耗并非常数;弹性阶段加卸载的平均杨氏模量基本一致,能够表征岩石材料的变形特性,且在弹性阶段能耗较少,而在裂隙压密、屈服和破坏阶段耗能较多;软弱岩样在加卸载过程中需要消耗更多的能量.     

温度对岩石渗透率影响的实验研究

对储层粉砂岩、灰岩、变质岩和砾岩渗透率受热变化规律进行了实验研究。并对岩石渗透率在高温作用下发生变化的机理进行了讨论。分析结果表明,岩石在常压条件下经过高温加热处理,其渗透率随温度的升高而呈增大趋势;岩石渗透率发生突变时存在一个阈值温度,组分不同的岩石,其阈值温度也不同,岩石渗透率的提高是由于岩心受热后产生了新的裂缝,裂缝延伸而形成了连通网络结构。     

凝灰岩破坏全过程渗流演化规律的实验研究

通过对凝灰岩在三轴环境下变参数条件的全应力-应变过程渗透性对比实验,研究了凝灰岩变形、破坏过程中渗透性演化规律,分析了凝灰岩破坏全过程中渗透率与体积应变及围压的关系,得出体积应变与渗透率函数关系.实验结果表明凝灰岩渗透率与应力水平密切相关.当岩样峰值强度之后,内部裂隙进一步扩展、贯通时,才会出现渗透率峰值,渗透率峰值拐点、应力峰值拐点和体积应变拐点很好的对应.该实验结果对于提出岩石破裂过程中更为合理的渗透性演化模型具有重要价值.     

温度对岩石渗透率影响的实验研究

对储层粉砂岩、灰岩、变质岩和砾岩渗透率受热变化规律进行了实验研究 ,并对岩石渗透率在高温作用下发生变化的机理进行了讨论。分析结果表明 ,岩石在常压条件下经过高温加热处理 ,其渗透率随温度的升高而呈增大趋势 ;岩石渗透率发生突变时存在一个阈值温度 ,组分不同的岩石 ,其阈值温度也不同。岩石渗透率的提高是由于岩心受热后产生了新的裂缝 ,裂缝延伸而形成了连通网络结构     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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