长白山自然保护区蝴蝶多样性研究

2003~2006年对长白山保护区蝴蝶种类进行了调查研究,共采集蝴蝶121种,隶属7科63属,以蛱蝶科为主要科,各林带均有分布共有19种.在不同生境中,随着海拔的升高蝴蝶的多样性有较明显的变化,其中红松阔叶林带蝴蝶的物种数、多样性指数、均匀度最高,苔原带最低.     

长白山自然保护区灯蛾科昆虫区系及多样性研究

2003—2004年对长白山自然保护区灯蛾科昆虫进行了系统调查,共采集到灯蛾科昆虫40种,隶属2亚科22属.长白山自然保护区灯蛾科昆虫以古北-东洋共有种为主,并包含少量的新北成分,优势种为四点苔蛾.灯蛾科昆虫物种多样性具有明显的垂直分布格局:阔叶红松林植被带多样性、丰富度均最高,随着海拔高度的升高,相应植被带内灯蛾科昆虫种类逐渐减少,个体数量上亦呈减少趋势;在时间分布上,全年以7月份的物种多样性最高,各月份由高到低的顺序依次是7月6月8月5月9月;长白山各植被带之间灯蛾科昆虫类群组成极不相似.     

河北雾灵山森林景观蛾类组成与多样性分析

2015年5—9月,通过对河北雾灵山国家级自然保护区7个样点进行森林昆虫多样性普查,初步鉴定得到蛾类昆虫23科436种.针对该结果,使用Simpson多样性指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Whittaker多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数对其中分布较广的11科进行群落多样性分析,结果发现:雾灵山不同生境下蛾类昆虫多样性由大到小依次为针阔混交林带、农田带、寒温性针叶林带;不同海拔条件下物种多样性大小顺序为1 000~1 500m、500m以下、500~1 000m、1 500m以上;不同月份的物种多样性大小顺序为7月、8月、6月和5月.通过对五岔沟不同月份的物种多样性进行单独分析,发现该样点物种多样性情况与保护区整体不同,多样性大小顺序为7月、6月、8月.对不同的环境因素进行β多样性分析,发现蛾类昆虫的多样性受生境影响最大.综上,雾灵山蛾类昆虫的物种多样性和均匀度在各因素下差别不大,表明保护区整体环境良好,受人为干扰影响较小.     

银川地区蜻蜓目昆虫多样性分析

于2006年5月至9月在银川地区选取了5个不同样地,采用Margalef丰富度指数、Simpson优势度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Jaccard相似性指数等对蜻蜓目(Odonata)昆虫多样性进行了研究.结果共获得蜻蜓标本827号,隶属2亚目6科16属24种,其中差翅亚目(Anisoptera)4科10属17种,均翅亚目(Zygoptera)2科6属7种;种类个体数量表现为蜻科种类最丰富(占物种总数的54.2%),秋赤蜻个体数量最多;秋赤蜻(Sympetrum frequens)、白尾灰蜻(Orthetrum albistylum)、黄蜻(Pantala flavescens)、红蜻(Crocothemis servilia)、长叶异痣蟌(Ischnura elegans)、蓝纹蟌(Coenagrion dyeri)等为优势种.多样性分析显示,军区农场物种丰富度指数最高,宝湖地区最低;物种多样性指数由高到低依次为水洞沟地区、军区农场、西湖地区、鹤泉湖地区、宝湖地区.群落相似性分析表明,环境异质性与蜻蜓多样性呈明显的正相关.     

紫胶林-农田复合生态系统地表甲虫多样性——以云南绿春为例

为揭示紫胶林-农田复合生态系统地表甲虫多样性,于2006-2007年在云南省绿春县牛孔乡采用陷阱法调查了天然紫胶林、人工紫胶林和旱地的地表甲虫群落。共采集标本1678头,分别隶属于24科120种,其中步甲科(Carabidae)和金龟科(Scarabaeidae)种类最丰富,均占全部种类的12.50%。拟步甲科(Tenebrionidae)个体数量最丰富,占个体总数的64.48%;金龟科次之,占个体总数的17.58%。大多数科的物种数和个体数在不同土地利用生境中的分布没有显著差异,而步甲科、隐翅甲科(Staphylinidae)、叩甲科(Elateridae)、拟步甲科、瓢虫科(Coccinellidae)和小蠧科(Scolytidae)在不同土地利用生境中的分布有显著差异。天然紫胶林地表甲虫个体数量最少,物种较丰富,优势度最低,多样性最高;人工紫胶林个体数和物种数均丰富,优势度和多样性居中;旱地个体数量最多,物种最贫乏,优势度最高,多样性最低。种级水平的聚类分析体现出人工紫胶林与旱地之间在种类组成上距离较近;而科级水平的聚类反映出人工紫胶林和天然紫胶林更接近。结果提示,紫胶林-农田复合生态系统具有区域内土地...     

吉林省西部地区蜻蜓目昆虫多样性研究

2011—2013年的5月~9月,采用大面积随机调查法对吉林省西部地区蜻蜓目昆虫资源进行了系统调查,共获得9科28属47种蜻蜓目昆虫.其中,春蜓科、蜻科、蟌科和丝蟌科为吉林省西部地区蜻蜓目昆虫的优势类群;蜻科中赤蜻属的物种数量和个体数量最多;春蜓科中,棘伟春蜓属的物种数量和个体数量最多;蟌科中,异痣蟌属的物种数量和个体数量最多;丝蟌科中,各属的物种数量和个体数量相当.蜻蜓目昆虫多样性指数在春季随着气温升高、营养级丰富而呈现出明显的上升趋势,在7月达到最高值,以后出现下降趋势;均匀性指数总体趋势变化不大;优势集中性指数5月最高,以后出现小幅波动.     

大巴山自然保护区蚁科昆虫多样性研究

为了调查重庆大巴山国家级自然保护区蚂蚁物种多样性,作者通过样地调查法对大巴山自然保护区2个主要流域、6个垂直带、9个水平带、33块样地蚂蚁群落进行调查,分析不同样地间蚂蚁群落物种组成、个体数目、群落多样性、优势度与群落相似性等特征.结果表明,在大巴山自然保护区共发现蚁科昆虫5亚科32属59种,其中24种为重庆新记录种.多样性分析表明,各样地蚂蚁群落个体丰富度为38～6 815头;物种丰富度为3～19种,Shannon–Wiener多样性指数为0.184 1～2.127 5,Simpson优势度指数为0.144 0～0.928 0,Pielou均匀度指数0.167 6～0.850 3.前河下段海拔1 000 m低山偏暖性山地阔叶林物种最丰富(19种),前河中段海拔1 000 m低山偏暖性山地阔叶林多样性指数最高(2.127 5),优势度指数最低(0.144 0),前河上段海拔2 000 m亚高山偏寒性针叶林均匀度最高(0.850 3).物种丰富度以前河较高,任河较低.群落相似性系数显示不同海拔与植被的蚂蚁群落物种组成差异显著.整体看来,大巴山蚂蚁群落的个体数目呈现随海拔上升而递减的规律,物种数目、多样性指数、优势度指数与群落相似性随海拔上升普遍呈先增加后降低的单峰模式,与低海拔地带受人为干扰导致的植被次生化和碎片化有关.海拔、植被和人为干扰均对蚂蚁物种多样性有重要影响.     

张掖国家湿地公园蜻蜓目多样性初步调查

为了解张掖湿地蜻蜓目种类的分布状况,通过网捕法和目测法相结合对蜻蜓目昆虫进行野外调查,共采集蜻蜓标本834件,经鉴定分属于2亚目5科13属19种.其中差翅亚目(Anisoptera)3科9属14种,均翅亚目(Zygoptera)2科4属5种.采集的所有物种中,以蜻科种类最为丰富,其中褐带赤蜻(Sympetrumpedemontanum)个体数量最多,有127头,占采集总个体数的15.23%.根据种属间的数量等级结构比例关系、不同季节种群多样性指数和种群消长动态,对所调查的数据加以计算和分析.张掖湿地蜻蜓目昆虫种群的结构相对比较稳定,但在不同的生境中,数量分布有所不同;随着季节的变化,蜻蜓种群的多样性也随之改变,这种变化除与蜻蜓种群的生活史有关外,还与当地的气候变化特点相吻合.     

安徽升金湖湿地鞘翅目昆虫区系分析及多样性研究

在2016—2017年期间,对升金湖湿地的昆虫多样性进行调查,统计分析鞘翅目昆虫的种类及数量,对采集的物种进行编目,并采用Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数对其群落多样性进行分析.结果表明,升金湖湿地共有鞘翅目昆虫119种,分别隶属于25科102属.区系分析表明,该湿地东洋种和古北东洋共有种占优势,比例分别为46.22％和42.86％,古北种最少,其所占比例为10.92％,不同月份的多样性指数高低顺序为6月、7月、8月、9月、10月.对多样性、均匀性及丰富度的相关分析表明,升金湖湿地鞘翅目昆虫多样性指数与丰富度、均匀度指数呈正相关,表明该湿地鞘翅目昆虫的群落结构较稳定.升金湖湿地鞘翅目昆虫区系的组成与邻近的菜子湖相比,前者东洋种占优势,后者古北东洋共有种占优势.     

内蒙古阿尔山地区蝴蝶群落多样性

为阐明内蒙古阿尔山地区不同生境下蝴蝶群落多样性,在阿尔山地区设置5条样线:口岸(A1)、玫瑰峰(A2)、白狼镇(A3)、五岔沟镇(A4)、绿水农场(A5)对蝶类多样性进行调查。通过计算阿尔山地区蝴蝶物种多样性指数,分析蝶类种群动态,得到以下结论:该地区蝴蝶共59种,隶属于6科40属。其中,蛱蝶科Nymphalidae共22科30种,其属数及物种数最多,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(2. 65)、Margalef物种丰富度指数(4. 09)以及个体数量均最高(1193只),是阿尔山地区的优势科。凤蝶科Papilionidae的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(0. 41)和Margalef物种丰富度最低(0. 22)。该地区群落稳定且复杂,物种多样性高,生态质量也相对较好。蝶类多样性面临的威胁因素主要有喷洒农药、放牧以及旅游开发。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the