微乳液法制备纳米氧化锌及微乳体系相行为研究

研究了表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)与助表面活性剂正丁醇微乳体系的相行为,考察了表面活性剂与助表面活性剂的质量比、油相种类、锌离子浓度对微乳液拟三元相区大小的影响,以确定适宜制备纳米氧化锌的微乳体系.研究表明,当m(CTAB)∶m(正丁醇)∶m(正辛烷)=1.2∶1∶4.4时,微乳体系具有较高的增溶水量.采用该配比,在微乳体系中制备出粒径小、尺寸分布窄的纳米氧化锌,并用扫描电镜(SEM)、粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)等对纳米氧化锌的形态和晶体结构进行了表征.     

迷迭香酸自微乳的制备及口服生物利用度

本文旨在制备迷迭香酸自微乳并研究其口服生物利用度。通过溶解度考察、配伍试验与伪三元相图绘制初步筛选配方，再以油相占比(质量比)、K_m(乳化剂与助乳化剂质量比)为影响因素，粒径、Zeta电位、载药量为评价指标，进行星点设计-效应面法进一步优化配方。大鼠随机分为2组，分别灌胃给予原料药(0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠溶)、自微乳，给药剂量200 mg/kg,于0.25、0.5、0.75、1、2、4、8、12 h采血，HPLC法测定迷迭香酸血药浓度，计算主要药动学参数。结果表明，自微乳配方为：MCT(中链甘油三酯)为油相、RH40为乳化剂、PEG400为助乳化剂，油相占比14.85%,K_m为2.61。与原料药相比，自微乳t_max有效缩短(P<0.01),C_max、AUC_0～t、AUC_0～∞升高(P<0.01),相对口服生物利用度提高至1.7倍，本研究证实迷迭香酸自微乳可有效提高其口服生物利用度。     

反向微乳法制备单分散纳米二氧化硅

制备了以Span80和Tween60为混合表面活性剂的反向微乳液,研究了不同配比的Span80-Tween60混合表面活性剂对微乳液最大增溶水量的影响,利用Span80-Tween60/环己烷/水(HCl)反胶束微乳体系水解正硅酸乙酯制备出单分散性好、平均粒径15~40nm的二氧化硅粒子,探讨了水与表面活性剂的摩尔比(R)、水与正硅酸乙酯的摩尔比(H)对SiO2粒子粒径的影响.结果表明:Span80和Tween60质量比为2∶5时,微乳体系有较大的溶水能力;SiO2纳米粒子粒径随着R和H的增大而增大.     

采用S/W/O/W法制备BSA-PLG微球

以生物可降解材料PLG607为载体, 采用S/W/O/W溶剂挥发法制备牛血清白蛋白(BSA)微球, 对其性质进行表征, 并考察了处方中不同添加剂对BSA-PLG微球粒径、 包封率和体外释放的影响. 结果表明, 采用S/W/O/W法所得微球粒径为40～70 μm, 表面光滑圆整. 加入添加剂（m(羟丙基 β 环糊精) ∶m(牛血清白蛋白)=1 ∶1）后包封率可以从27.9%提高到46.3%, 加入添加剂羟丙基-β-环糊精和羟基磷灰石制备蛋白微球, 能减小突释, 提高蛋白的包封率, 改善体外释放行为, 达到均匀释放.     

响应面法优化T-2毒素脂质体处方及其抗肿瘤活性

用薄膜超声法制备T 2毒素脂质体（LP-T2）, 用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定包封率, 并考察测定方法的线性、 加样回收率、 精密度和重复性; 用单因素法考察有机溶剂、 磷脂种类、 m(药)∶m(脂)、 水合体积、 m(磷脂)∶m(胆固醇)对包封率的影响及响应面法优化处方; 用高压均质法对脂质体整粒, 并测定粒径分布; 用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测T-2毒素和LP-T2对5种肿瘤细胞和正常细胞的生长抑制作用. 结果表明: LP T2最佳制备工艺为以蛋黄卵磷脂(EPC)为膜材, 薄膜超声法制备, m(药)∶m(脂)=3.5, m(磷脂)∶m(胆固醇)=3.74, 4\|羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸（Hepes, 20 mmol/L, pH=7.4）水合, 水合体积11.8 mL, 超声10 min; 高压均质整粒后平均粒径为267 nm; LP T2可显著抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖, 活性与丝裂霉素相当, 对正常细胞的IC₅₀值（1 881.54 ng/mL）高于T 2毒素（1 427.83 ng/mL）, 即毒副作用减小; LP-T2的包封率和粒径均符合药剂标准, 具有体外抗肿瘤活性.     

大粒径单分散聚合物交联微球的制备

采用分散聚合法制备出粒径8.21μm,分散系数约为0.04,交联度约为12.6%的单分散聚合微球,考察了交联剂加入方式用量,加入时间及抗坏血酸用量等因素对合成聚合物PS微球粒径和分布的影响.实验结果表明,当单体St质量分数为28.8%～33.5%,引发剂用量m(AIBN)∶m(St)=0.03～0.06,稳定剂用量m(PVP)∶m(St)=0.5～0.8,采用交联剂DVB后滴入法,交联剂用量m(DVB)∶m(St)=0.02～0.08,在反应进行到6h后开始滴加DVB,2h滴加完,可合成出单分散性好、分散系数低、大粒径高交联的PS微球.     

鼻粘膜给药用明胶微球的制备

以明胶为原料,葡聚糖为交联剂,采用乳化化学交联固化法制备鼻粘膜给药用明胶微球。结果表明:在明胶质量浓度为0.15 g/mL,乳化剂Span 80质量浓度为0.02 g/mL,搅拌速度=800 r/min,V(液体石蜡)∶V(水)=15∶1的最优反应条件下,制备的未交联明胶微球平均粒径=47±7.6μm,葡聚糖交联明胶微球的平均粒径=38±4.2μm。     

水热法制备纳米酚醛树脂微球的研究

以间苯二酚(R)、甲醛(F)为原料,氨水为催化剂,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为表面活性剂,氯化钠(Na Cl)为添加剂,在乙醇与水按照一定比例形成的混合溶剂中,采用水热法合成酚醛树脂微球。研究了反应温度、反应物质量分数、表面活性剂CTAB用量及Na Cl的加入对微球形貌和平均粒径的影响。结果表明:表面活性剂CTAB的加入不仅能有效控制粒径大小,还能使产物形貌具有球形-蠕虫状-球形的变化过程;适量中性盐Na Cl的加入能有效抑制微球间的团聚,得到单分散微球。当合成条件为水热温度T=100℃,反应物质量分数w_(单体)=2%,表面活性剂CTAB用量n_(CTAB)∶n_R=1∶3,Na Cl用量n_(NaCl)∶n_R=1∶1时,反应24 h就能得到单一分散、平均粒径为150 nm的酚醛树脂微球。     

阿苯达唑自微乳的研制及稳定性分析

以阿苯达唑为模型药物,筛选其自微乳的处方并对其自微乳进行稳定性考察.通过溶解度实验、油与乳化剂的配伍实验及伪三元相图的建立,筛选阿苯达唑自微乳的组成.采用HPLC法测定处方中药物的含量并对其稳定性进行考察.阿苯达唑自微乳的组成为阿苯达唑、油酸、辛酸/葵酸三甘油酯(GTCC)、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油(Cremopher EL)和Transcutol 的质量比为0.076∶0.1∶0.1∶0.32∶0.48;强光照射(4500lx)、高温(60℃)、低温(4℃)、高低温循环实验(40℃和4℃)结果表明,该自微乳性状、含量均无明显变化.阿苯达唑自微乳能有效改善药物的溶解度,制备方法简单可行,且稳定性良好.     

硝苯地平微乳的制备及其质量评价

硝苯地平难溶于水生物利用度低微乳作为难溶性药物的理想载体可增大难溶于水药物的溶解性。将硝苯地平制备成微乳剂型使其溶解性在一定程度上增大其生物利用度也得到了提高。根据溶解在不同表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、油相中的硝苯地平的量及伪三元相图筛选硝苯地平微乳的处方得出制备硝苯地平微乳的最佳质量配比为：乳化剂-OP/无水乙醇/油酸乙酯/水=27∶13.5∶4.5∶55。所制得的微乳淡黄色、澄清、透明、流动性良好加水稀释后在透射电镜下呈圆球形平均粒径为22.89 nm;经高速离心和留样观察发现其外观、质量及粒径未发生明显变化其稳定性良好。用该方法制得的硝苯地平微乳其溶解度相对于水中提高了700多倍且制备方法简单。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~