机动目标的多模型跟踪与预报算法

以文献 [1]所给严格的最小二乘递推 (R2 LS)算法为基础 ,并结合多模型和模型重新初始化技术 ,提出了一种机动目标的多模型跟踪与预报 (MMTP)算法 .由于该算法中的大量运算可离线完成 ,因而极大地减少了在线计算量 ,使得MMTP算法能满足实时要求 .     

基于改进“当前”统计模型和AKF的机动目标跟踪

采用"当前"统计模型设计Kalman滤波算法,实现对机动目标的自适应跟踪;并针对"当前"统计模型对机动目标跟踪中存在的缺陷,提出改进的"当前"统计模型,根据滤波估计值对最大加速度进行自适应调整,使得系统噪声方差随着目标运动情况自适应变化;此算法在没有增加任何计算量的基础上有效提高了机动目标的跟踪性能.通过对实际交通视频的仿真实验验证了算法的有效性.     

一种适于非线性非高斯目标跟踪的MRIMMPF算法

为解决粒子滤波应用到IMM算法时计算量过大的问题,融合交互式多模型和粒子滤波,提出了一种采用多速率方法的交互式多模型粒子滤波(multirate interacting multiple model particle filter,MRIMMPF)算法.该算法采用多模型结构来跟踪任意机动的目标;使用一种3模型、one-third速率/全速率跟踪算法,一个one-third速率模型处理非机动或微弱机动,2个全速率模型用于机动模式,以处理非线性、非高斯问题.仿真结果表明,MRIMMPF算法在性能上并不低于交互多模型粒子滤波(IMMPF)算法,但是计算量明显减小.     

一种强机动目标自适应跟踪算法

针对强机动目标跟踪精度不高的问题,提出了一种强机动目标自适应跟踪算法(HMIMM-CV/CAT)。首先通过机动检测区别目标的机动性能,分别应用Kalman滤波和交互多模算法对目标进行跟踪。其次对机动段交互多模算法,给出一组转弯模型离散模型集,在目标机动时通过角速度估计在离散模型集中遴选出一个最匹配的模型参加交互计算,使模型更加逼近目标真实运动模式,且不增加参与交互运算模型数量。蒙特卡罗仿真结果表明,该算法与几种类似算法相比,更加适用于强机动目标。     

基于IMM算法的高机动目标航迹滤波在ADS-B中的应用

为提高ADS-B航迹报文的准确性,采用交互多模型算法通过对航迹建立与实际运动轨迹相匹配的模型,来降低建模误差,从而提高航迹追踪和预测的准确度。高精度的报文是ADS-B系统向周围设备实时广播的基本保障,传统的单一机动目标建模和滤波方式运动模式高频率切换时会引起较大误差从而导致报文信息的丢失或错误。本文引入交互式多模型(IMM)算法建立多个常用目标运动模型并模拟2组机动目标高频切换的飞行状态,最后通过与单模型的经典卡尔曼滤波仿真结果对比验证IMM算法在高机动目标建模和滤波方面的优越性。     

稳健的交互多模型转移概率选择算法

交互多模算法(IMM)是机动目标跟踪中最常使用的方法之一,但其计算量大、过程较复杂.针对交互多模型转移概率矩阵选取问题,结合目标机动检测理论,提出稳健的交互多模型转移概率选择算法.该方法通过判别机动和非机动目标,确定转移概率矩阵主对角线元素值,并进行了仿真实验.结果显示,新方法简便可靠,提高了总体的滤波效果.     

主/被动雷达模糊自适应IMM融合跟踪算法

在主/被动雷达复合制导背景下,提出一种基于模糊自适应交互多模型(IMM)的分布式融合算法。该算法将交互多模型和模糊推理的优点相结合,通过模糊推理机制在线调节模型集合中部分模型的参数,使这些模型对不同的目标机动模式有更强的自适应能力。避免了传统交互多模型算法的模型冲突问题,大大减少了计算量。数字仿真结果表明了算法的有效性。     

微小卫星姿态确定系统多信息融合滤波技术

采用微小卫星姿态动力学,并针对太阳敏感器/磁强计/卫星导航系统(GPS)接收机多姿态信息融合的特点,提出一种基于融合反馈模式的改进联邦滤波姿态确定方法,各子滤波器只完成量测更新,由主滤波器完成时间更新与预测信息的分配.给出了由四元数描述卫星姿态的误差状态方程和各子系统的量测方程,基于磁强计测量信息,对微小卫星的主要干扰源剩磁进行建模.仿真结果分析表明:基于剩磁建模的姿态动力学模型可有效提高姿态确定的精度;改进联邦滤波算法减少了系统的计算量,保证了可靠性.     

机动目标空间群生成算法

提出了一种机动目标的空间群生成算法,该算法的思想是定义空间群目标间的多种特征相似度,通过一级融合获得的信息,计算目标多种特征相似度矩阵并融合求得合群结果。该方法用特征相似度空间属性计算代替了测量空间的目标属性计算,提高了可靠性。该算法的时间复杂度仅为O(n2)。仿真实验表明,该算法具有较高的合群效率,结果可信。     

基于多模型GGIW-CPHD滤波的群目标跟踪算法

针对伽马高斯逆威夏特-概率假设密度(GGIW-CPHD)滤波算法跟踪机动群目标误差较大的问题,提出基于最适高斯近似(BFG)和强跟踪的多模型GGIW-CPHD滤波的群跟踪算法.首先,在对群目标量测分割的基础上,采用BFG方法实现CPHD预测阶段的多模型融合.其次,利用强跟踪滤波(STF)中的渐消因子来修正GGIW分量的预测协方差矩阵.最后,在CPHD更新阶段完成群质心和扩展状态估计的基础上,利用多个模型对应的似然函数完成模型概率的更新.实验结果表明:所提算法能够在GGIW-CPHD框架下实现多个模型的交互,有效降低机动阶段时群目标的状态估计误差,并能有效处理群目标的合并和衍生情况.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.