浅谈加强内资关联企业转移利润规避企业所得税的监控管理

有人认为,广义的税收筹划是节税、避税和税负转嫁的综合体。广义的避税包括合理合法的节税和不合理但非法的避税;狭义的避税仅指不合理但非为法的避税行为,也称税收规避。追求企业利润的最大化,是市场经济背景下企业发展的动力和最终目标。而利用关联企业转移利润,规避税收,是企业减轻税收负担的一个重要途径,也是目前的一个普遍现象。内资关联企业转移利润,必然引起税务主管部门的注意而加以的监控与管理,这必然要求企业在管理中对此进行规范化,避免造成不必要的损失。     

论对跨国经营中转让定价避税方法

利用转让定价进行避税是企业在跨国经营中普遍采用的一种方法。对已经进入了全球化竞争与经营新时代的我国来说,研究转让定价避税方法,具有下列两个方面的重大意义:其一是可为我国企业在跨国经营中利用好转让定价避税方法提供具体的指导;其二是可为我国政府对外国跨国公司在我国利用转让定价进行避税行为的治理提供帮助。本文将依次阐明三个问题:(1)转让定价方法及它对一国税负的影响,(2)我国企业在跨国经营中如何利用好转让定价避税法,(3)对外国跨国公司在我国利用转让定价进行避税行为的治理。 一、转让定价方法及它对一国税负的影响 所谓转让定价(Transfer Pricing),是指在同一经济组织的一个部门与另一个     

利益相关者视角下企业社会责任对避税行为的影响研究

本文以我国沪深两市A股制造业上市公司为研究对象,基于2013年～2017年的面板数据,从利益相关者视角研究我国制造业上市公司承担社会责任对避税行为的影响。研究结果表明,对股东、债权人、消费者承担责任的企业会抑制避税行为;对员工、政府、社区承担责任的企业会促进避税行为;企业对供应商承担责任与避税行为的关系不明确。本文结论从理论上丰富了企业社会责任与避税行为关系领域的相关研究,为公共监管机构及投资者提供参考价值。     

浅谈企业筹资中的避税

介绍了避税的概念，探讨了企业在筹资中可能采取的避税方法以及筹资避税法的基本原理，指出避税方法的探讨和研究会给政府部门进一步完善税法，增强反避税能力以启示。     

收购对企业发展的作用

企业的合并是现代经济社会中的必然现象。企业合并中以收购形式出现的占多数．收购企业的作法对收购企业和被收购企业都有着不可忽视的发展作用。首先利于发展规模经济效益，还有利于合理避税，利用经验曲线效应获得科技竞争优势，有效占领市场、控制市场、降低风险、成本等。从我国国情来看，还有利于固定资产购入、资产增值、提高管理效率、增加企业知名度等。     

企业避税、法律环境与审计质量研究

以2011~2017年中国A股上市公司为样本，从避税的经济后果出发，探讨了避税程度与审计质量的关系。结果表明，避税程度与审计质量呈非线性关系，具体而言，在保守型避税企业，避税程度与审计质量呈负相关关系，而在激进型避税企业，避税程度与审计质量呈正相关关系。进一步研究发现，在保守型避税企业，法律环境能够弱化避税程度与审计质量的负相关关系，而产权性质并不会对避税程度与审计质量的关系产生影响。结论不仅丰富了企业避税与审计质量相关内容的研究，同时也为审计师执业提供了一定借鉴。     

关联交易中的避税问题

关联交易避税是对我国现行税制的一个巨大挑战,其常见方式有转移定价、收购亏损关联企业等六种方式。防范和控制关联方交易不合理避税的对策可以从完善相关税收制度等方面入手,以达到尽可能地减少国家税收损失的目的。     

企业避税方式剖析

避税是指纳税人在不违反税法规定的前提下，规避、降低或延迟纳税义务的一种方法。其产生有主观原因，也有客观原因。主观原因是纳税者经济利益驱使其规避纳税义务的愿望和要求。客观原因是税法及其有关法律的不健全，不完善。避税方式有利用“预提费用”帐户进行避税；利用租赁进行避税和固定资产避税等多种形式。避税使个人和企业获得了少纳所得税的好处，但却给国家带来了不利的影响，减少了国家财政收入，具有很大危害性     

防范资本弱化的税收政策研究

随着企业越来越多地利用资本弱化进行避税，如何制定税收政策防范资本弱化就显得十分重要。目前我国新的企业所得税法虽对资本弱化的防范有一些规定，但这些规定存在着安全港比率定得偏低、对债权性投资的认定过于笼统、对资本弱化避税征管的手段不完善、未及时修订双边税收协定、缺乏对资本金流向的监管等问题。针对上述问题，在借鉴国际经验的基础上，结合我国实际，提出了制定相应的税收政策的建议。     

浅谈公司合理避税

本文从合理避税的定义、意义和特征出发，详细的描述了企业合理避税的依据以及其在中小企业中的应用，并就我国开发企业常用的一些避税方法进行了简要的举例分析，探讨企业如何合理避税，利用各种手段提高综合收益，促进国民经济的良性发展。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-