超级电容器用活性炭电极的制备及电化学性能研究

以石油焦为原料,采用KOH活化法制备比表面积为2 170 m^2/g的高比表面积活性炭,采用该材料作为电极材料,组装成超级电容器,并对它进行了恒电流充放电实验、循环伏安实验和交流阻抗等实验,结果表明,制备的活性炭作电极材料组装的电容器具有良好的电化学性能.     

沉积于钛网的聚苯胺用于半透明柔性电化学电容电极的性能研究

以苯胺的硫酸溶液为电化学沉积液,钛网为电沉积基底材料,用恒电流沉积法在钛网上电沉积导电聚苯胺(PANI)。通过控制恒电流沉积时间控制沉积于钛网上的PANI量,并通过循环伏安法测试不同电极的面积比电容,优化了恒电流法在钛网上沉积PANI的最佳时间。以优化的电沉积时间制备的PANI/Ti为活性电极,以H2SO4/聚乙烯醇(H2SO4/PVA)为凝胶电解质组装了半透明柔性的电化学电容器,并通过循环伏安法、恒电流充放电法和电化学阻抗法研究了半透明柔性电容器的电化学性能。结果表明最佳的PANI/Ti电极的电活性材料的面积比电容最大可达25mF·cm~(-2),拥有良好的柔性与透光性,且在充放电时存在电致变色现象。     

六氟磷酸电解液在超级电容器中的电化学性能研究

采用一种具有潜在应用价值的1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐作超级电容器的电解液,与活性炭电极组装成模拟超级电容器,与其他两种有机电解液进行循环伏安、恒流充放电、交流阻抗等电化学性能的比较.结果显示,1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸酸盐(FMI-PF6)在循环性能、恒流充放电及高电压放电等方面优于甲基三乙基铵六氟磷酸盐(N...     

中间相炭微球改性聚苯胺超级电容器电极材料研究

本文以活性中间相炭微球为基底,过硫酸铵(APS)为氧化剂,通过原位化学聚合法聚合苯胺,得到聚苯胺/活性中间相炭微球复合材料(PANI/A-MCMB),采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)对其形貌和结构进行表征。以PANI/A-MCMB复合物为电极活性物质,1.0 mol/L H_2SO_4水溶液为电解液,组装对称型超级电容器,用循环伏安法(CV)、电化学交流阻抗(EIS)、恒流充放电(GCD)等测试手段测试超级电容器的电化学性能。实验结果表明,电流密度恒为0.1A/g时,PANI/A-MCMB复合材料单电极比容量为301.6F/g,1 000次循环后比容量为276.3F/g,比电容保持率为91.6%,较PANI材料(比容量为228F/g,1 000次循环后比电容保持率为39.5%)具有更好的比容量和循环稳定性。     

四氟硼酸螺环季铵盐混合型离子液体电解液的制备和电化学性质研究

采用一种新型的有机电解质盐四氟硼酸螺环季铵盐[(C4H8)2N][BF4],与1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑六氟磷酸盐离子液体([Bmim][PF6])以不同摩尔比混合形成了离子液体基电解液,以活性炭为电极,组装成超级电容器,通过循环伏安、交流阻抗以及恒流充放电等测试方法来研究其电化学性能.结果表明,超级电容器具有良好的电容特性、可逆性及循环特性,且电化学窗口可以达到4.8 V,是一种具有应用潜力的超级电容器电解液.     

中孔炭的制备及其在超级电容器中的应用

以中孔硅分子筛SBA-15为模板,蔗糖为炭源,炭化温度为700℃制备中孔炭材料,利用透射电镜(TEM)和N2吸脱附等温线表征该材料的结构与形貌.以中孔炭材料为超级电容器的电极材料,组装成扣式电容器进行循环伏安、恒流充放电、交流阻抗、漏电流、自放电、循环寿命等电化学测试.结果表明:样品孔结构呈二维六角有序分布:该样品的孔体积为1.88 cm3/g,比表面积为1 394m2/g,具有典型的中孔结构和集中的中孔分布,它的最可几孔径为3.4 nm;制备的中孔炭作电极材料组装的超级电容器有良好的电化学性能,在500 mA/g的充放电电流密度下,循环10 000次的平均比电容高达95 F/g,比容量波动范围仅为-4%～4%.     

钴镍基二元超级电容器电极材料的电化学性能

以泡沫镍为集流体,采用压片法,在8MPa压力下制备钴镍基一/二元超级电容器电极材料.通过电化学工作站测试样品的循环伏安、恒流充放电和交流阻抗等电化学性能.研究结果表明,钴镍基二元超级电容器电极材料的综合电化学性能高于相应的一元电极材料.     

[Pmim][ClO_4]电解质的物化性质及其在超级电容器中的性能研究

采用两步法设计合成了一种新型离子液体电解质(液)1-戊基-3-甲基咪唑高氯酸盐([Pmim][Cl O4]),对这种电解质的密度、表面张力、电导率等物化性质进行了测定.并将其与活性炭电极组装成超级电容器,通过交流阻抗、循环伏安及恒流充放电等测试手段对其电化学性能进行了研究.测试结果表明,该离子液体的密度和表面张力都随温度升高而减小,超级电容器的电化学窗口可以达到5.0 V,并且具有良好的电容特性、可逆性及循环特性,是一种具有应用潜力的超级电容器电解液.     

片状Co(OH)2的制备及其电化学性能研究

采用柠檬酸前驱体法制备了电活性物质Co(OH)2.首先用硝酸钴与柠檬酸通过溶胶凝胶法制得凝胶体,再在250 ℃下热处理得到红褐色的前驱体,最后将前驱体与KOH溶液反应制得目标产物.用红外光谱(FT-IR)对前驱体的组成进行了分析,用X射线衍射(XRD)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)表征了产物的结构和形貌,用循环伏安和恒电流充放电等测试方法对其电化学性能进行了研究.结果表明,具有六方晶相的片状Co(OH)2表现出优良的电化学性能,有望成为超级电容器的电极材料.     

水热法制备凹凸棒黏土-Mn_3O_4及其电化学性能研究

将水热法制备的负载型凹凸棒黏土-Mn_3O_4(Att-Mn_3O_4)复合材料用做超级电容电极材料,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)测试对材料的物相及形貌进行了表征.发现Mn_3O_4基本呈棒状结构,较好地分散负载在凹凸棒黏土表面.以该复合材料为活性物质制成电极,采用循环伏安、恒流充放电等电化学方法考察其电化学性能,结果表明:在0.5 mol·L~(-1)的Na_2SO_4溶液中,0~1.0 V扫描电位范围内,其循环伏安曲线矩形特征明显;在0.5 A·g~(-1)电流密度下,电容器充放电性能的最佳电位范围为0~1.0 V,比电容和储能密度达到最大值分别为80.25 F·g~(-1)和250.80 W·kg~(-1),而纯Mn_3O_4电极材料的比电容为40.80 F·g~(-1).可见凹凸棒黏土的加入可以明显提高其电化学性能.恒电流充放电性能测试表明,该复合材料具有较好的电化学稳定性,有望成为一种新型的超级电容器电极材料.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has