高铁铝土矿直接还原—溶出工艺

提出了一种以Na2CO3为添加剂、以煤为还原剂的还原分离方法,将原矿中铁的氧化物还原为铁单质粉末通过磁选分离回收,将水铝石矿物转化为铝酸钠溶出分离回收.通过单因素实验考察了还原温度、还原时间、Na2CO3用量和还原剂用量对粉末铁品位、铁回收率和氧化铝溶出率的影响,并用X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜观察和能谱分析等方法研究了反应的过程和机理.通过正交试验优化了实验参数,获得的最优条件为还原温度1150℃,还原时间45 min,Na2CO3用量40.47%,还原剂用量11.9%;在最优条件下,粉末铁品位为95.88%,铁回收率为89.92%,氧化铝溶出率为75.92%.     

Extraction of Aluminum and Iron from Boiler Slag by Sulfuric Acid

This paper presents a new method of recycling aluminum and iron in boiler slag derived from plants that use coal as fuel. The new method integrates efficient extraction and reuse of the leached pellets together. An elemental analysis of aqueous solutions leached by sulfuric acid was determined by EDTA-Naz-ZnCl2 titration method. The components and microstructures of the samples were examined by means of XRF, XRD and SEM. An aluminum extraction efficiency of 86.50% was achieved when the sintered pellets were leached using 4 mol · L^- 1 H2SO4 at solid/ liquid [m（g）/V（mL）] ratio of 1 ： 5 at 80 ℃ for 24 h. An iron extraction efficiency of 94.60% was achieved in the same conditions for the maximum extraction efficiency of Al. The extraction efficiencies of Al and Fe increased with an increase in temperature, leaching time and acidity. The concentration of alumina and iron hydroxide in the final product was determined to be 99.12% and 92.20% respectively. This product of alumina would be used directly for the production of metallic aluminum.     

铝土矿浮选产品中捕收剂的分析

采用溶剂解吸提取预处理和紫外分光光度法研究了铝土矿浮选产品中微量脂肪酸捕收剂的分析方法．通过对比三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳和正己烷5种溶剂的解吸提取性能,提出在液固比为2．5ml／g的条件下,以三氯甲烷解吸提取、富集样品中的捕收剂,以紫外分光光度法进行铝土矿浮选产品中微量捕收剂的定量分析,并对其可靠性进行了检验．研究结果表明在5种解吸溶剂中,三氯甲烷的解吸提取性能最佳,能在液固比为0．5～5．0mI/g的范围内解吸并富集铝土矿浮选产品表面的捕收剂．用该方法分析捕收剂含量为100～1000g/t的铝土矿浮选产品,测定结果的变异系数和回收率分别为1．4％～1．6％和97％～103％,具有重现性好、结果准确、操作简便快捷的特点     

高硫铝土矿微波焙烧预处理

为了解决高硫铝土矿马弗炉焙烧脱硫效率不高问题,采用微波加热方式对高硫铝土矿进行焙烧,考察了焙烧温度和焙烧时间对矿物中硫含量的影响。用XRD技术对焙烧矿物晶型结构进行了分析,结果表明,微波焙烧温度400 ℃、焙烧时间2 min时,焙烧矿中硫元素含量已低于0.7%;微波焙烧温度550℃、焙烧时间10 min时,焙烧矿中硫元素含量为0.23%。微波使黄铁矿分离出S 2-,并促使S 2-向表面扩散与氧反应生成SO2气体,加速硫的逸出,提高了脱硫效率。     

铝土矿浮选泡沫消泡研究

以河南混合铝土矿浮选精矿泡沫为研究对象, 分析铝土矿浮选泡沫的稳定原因. 采用物理方法和化学方法, 进行三相泡沫的消泡研究. 结果表明: 油酸钠可以显著降低水溶液体系的表面张力, 同时微细疏水矿粒在气泡表面的吸附降低了气泡表面的排液速率, 并增强了气泡的机械强度, 导致铝土矿浮选泡沫稳定;另外, 转速对机械搅拌消泡有较大的影响, 消泡效果随转速的提高而增强;磷酸三丁酯、 Foamban-ms-575和BD3037对两相泡沫体系具有很好的消泡作用, 但在三相泡沫体系中由于在泡沫表面铺展速率的限制, 消泡效果并不明显;利用机械搅拌和添加消泡剂, 可以在较低的转速下, 大大改善消泡效果.     

高铁铝土矿的工艺矿物学及铝铁分离技术

研究含铁铝土矿（A和B 2种矿样）的工艺矿物学和磁选铝铁分离技术. 研究结果表明： 2个样品中的铝矿物为晶体粒度细小的一水硬铝石（粒度为5～20 nm）;铁矿物主要为赤铁矿和褐铁矿, 铁矿物嵌布粒度相对较粗（粒度为0.5～3.0 mm）. 当粒度小于0.074 mm的A和B含量分别为87.50%和78.30%, 磁感应强度分别为1.2 T和1.0 T时, 可获得Al2O3质量分数大于65%, Fe2O3质量分数为5%～9%的非磁性物（铝精矿）.     

山西宽草坪铝土矿矿床地质特征及找矿方向

通过对山西省宁武县宽草坪矿区进行矿床勘探的实际工作,掌握并论述了该矿床的矿床地质特征,在分析该矿床的形成机制的基础上,对该区的找矿和勘探提出了建设性的建议.     

Influence of acid leaching and calcination on iron removal of coal kaolin

Calcination and acid leaching of coal kaolin were studied to determine an effective and economical preparation method of calcined kaolin. Thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrated that 900℃ was the suitable temperature for the calcination. Leaching tests showed that hydrochloric acid was more effective for iron dissolution from raw coal kaolin (RCK), whereas oxalic acid was more effective on iron dissolution from calcined coal kaolin (CCK). The iron dissolution from CCK was 28.78wt%, which is far less effective than the 54.86wt% of RCK under their respective optimal conditions. Through analysis by using M?ssbauer spectroscopy, it is detected that nearly all of the structural ferrous ions in RCK were removed by hydrochloric acid. However, iron sites in CCK changed slightly by oxalic acid leaching because nearly all ferrous ions were transformed into ferric species after firing at 900℃. It can be concluded that it is difficult to remove the structural ferric ions and ferric oxides evolved from the structural ferrous ions. Thus, iron removal by acids should be conducted prior to calcination.     

Recovery of iron and calcium aluminate slag from high-ferrous bauxite by high-temperature reduction and smelting process

A high-temperature reduction and smelting process was used to recover iron and calcium aluminate slag from high-ferrous bauxite. The effects of w(CaO)/w(SiO₂) ratio, anthracite ratio, and reduction temperature and time on the recovery and size of iron nuggets and on the Al₂O₃ grade of the calcium aluminate slag were investigated through thermodynamic calculations and experiments. The optimized process conditions were the bauxite/anthracite/slaked lime weight ratio of 100:16.17:59.37, reduction temperature of 1450°C and reduction time of 20 min. Under these conditions, high-quality iron nuggets and calcium aluminate slag were obtained. The largest size and the highest recovery rate of iron nuggets were 11.42 mm and 92.79wt%, respectively. The calcium aluminate slag mainly comprised Ca₂SiO₄ and Ca₁₂Al₁₄O₃₃, with small amounts of FeAl₂O₄, CaAl₂O₄, and Ca₂Al₂SiO₇.     

铝土矿选择性磨矿中磨矿介质的研究

研究了球形、短圆柱形和短圆柱 球形3种磨矿介质对铝土矿选择性磨矿的作用.研究结果表明:大直径球形介质对粗粒级铝土矿的冲击力较大,容易造成过粉碎,小直径球形介质的擦洗作用能提高粗粒级铝土矿的铝硅比;短圆柱介质对铝土矿磨矿具有较好的选择性,但对铝硅比的提高幅度较小,磨矿速率较低;短圆柱 球形介质具有球形介质和短圆柱介质的优点,既具有较高的磨矿速率,又能较大幅度地提高粗粒级的铝硅比,适合铝土矿选择性磨矿的要求.对于短圆柱 球形介质,介质配比对铝土矿选择性磨矿的磨矿效果有明显的影响.     

几内亚博凯省某红土型铝土矿地质特征及找矿意义

根据野外实际地质资料及室内工作,对几内亚某红土型铝土矿的产出条件、含矿岩系、矿床地质特征及成矿因素等进行分析与归纳。认为该红土型铝土矿是浅成基性侵入岩在各种物理化学条件的综合影响下,经过长期红土化作用而形成,属于风化残积矿床。指出了成矿有利部位,对以后找此类型矿床矿具有指导意义。     

One step sintering of homogenized bauxite raw material and kinetic study

A one-step sintering process of bauxite raw material from direct mining was completed, and the kinetics of this process was analyzed thoroughly. The results show that the sintering kinetics of bauxite raw material exhibits the liquid-phase sintering behavior. A small portion of impurities existed in the raw material act as a liquid phase. After X-ray diffraction analyses, scanning electron microscopy observations, and kinetics calculations, sintering temperature and heating duration were determined as the two major factors contributing to the sintering process and densification of bauxite ore. An elevated heating temperature and longer duration favor the densification process. The major obstacle for the densification of bauxite material is attributed to the formation of the enclosed blowhole during liquid-phase sintering.     

Reduction and melting behavior of carbon composite lateritic bauxite pellets

Direct reduction of low-grade lateritic bauxite was studied at high temperature to recover Fe and beneficiate Al₂O₃ slag. The results show that a metallization rate of 97.9% and a nugget recovery rate of 85.1% can be achieved when the reducing and melting temperatures are 1350 and 1480℃, respectively. Moreover, a higher-grade calcium aluminate slag (Al₂O₃=50.52wt%) can also be obtained, which is mainly composed of α-Al₂O₃, hercynite (FeAl₂O₄), and gehlenite (Ca₂Al₂SiO₇). In addition, high-quality iron nuggets have been produced from low-grade lateritic bauxite. The nugget is mainly composed of iron (93.82wt%) and carbon (3.86wt%), with almost no gangue (slag).     

铝土矿地下开采水害分析

地下开采铝土矿是我国铝土矿山的必然选择和发展趋势。水害是要面对的主要威胁之一,根据突水水源、采掘方式、岩体结构、突水形式和突水量等,对铝土矿地下开采中的水害进行了分类,说明了其特征。结合段村—雷沟铝土矿,根据勘探资料以及矿区地质与水文地质条件,段村—雷沟铝土矿的水害类型有地表水水害、冲积层水水害、岩溶水水害、断层水水害和采空区积水水害,论述了段村—雷沟铝土矿的水害类型及其对矿山建设的影响,分析了其成因,给出了该铝土矿山防治水害的总体思路和原则。     

天然铝土矿物除氟剂吸附性能研究

文章研究以天然铝土矿物为原料制备的除氟剂的吸附性能及其影响因素,静态吸附实验以及对吸附动力学、热力学的理论分析表明:除氟剂的吸附容量在pH值低于6.0时保持稳定,而高于6.0时随pH值升高而降低,故其最优pH值应为6.0左右;在初始F-质量浓度介于5 ～100 mg/L之间的研究范围内,吸附容量随F-初始浓度呈线性增长;随除氟剂投加量的增大,被吸附的F-量增加,但单位吸附剂的吸附量减少;在反应的前30 min 吸附速度比较快,随着时间的延长,吸附速度放慢,故吸附时间应控制在15～30 min之间较为适宜;铝土矿除氟剂对氟离子的吸附作用符合拟二级反应方程,吸附等温线符合Freundlich等温吸附模型.     

铝土矿反浮选新型捕收剂TR浮选性能及机理

对铝土矿新型反浮选捕收剂TR的浮选性能和作用机理与1231捕收剂进行对比.通过研究表明:新型捕收剂TR是选择性更好的铝土矿反浮选捕收剂,且pH适应范围更宽;季铵盐与高岭石破碎后的底面(001面)主要发生氢键吸附,端面(010和110面)主要是静电吸附,与一水硬铝石表面主要是静电吸附;季铵盐在高岭石表面吸附符合Frenudlich模型,一水硬铝石表面符合Langmuir模型;且TR的泡沫量较小,易于消泡.     

几内亚共和国博凯地区红土型铝土矿地质特征和成矿机理初探

几内亚博凯地区红土型铝土矿为基性火山岩经风化淋滤形成的残积型铝土矿,其地质特征为地表形成铁铝质风化壳（铁帽）,下部为松散状铁红土,其形成机理为：在植被发育,微生物滋生的炎热潮湿环境,随着富铝质岩石的分解,“SiO2”在碱性溶液环境中形成硅酸胶体活化迁移,铁铝沉淀富集形成红土型铝土矿。     

矾土基Al_2O_3-MgO质振动浇注料的流变性能

采用新型浇注料全组分流变仪,针对矾土基Al_2O_3-MgO质振动浇注料,测定了不同种类硅灰及其加入量、镁砂粉加入量、三聚磷酸钠加入量和不同粒度分布系数对流变性能的影响. 研究结果表明:在振动条件下,全组分铝镁质振动浇注料具有Bingham流体的特征,并具有剪切稀化和正触变性. 硅灰种类对浇注料的流变性有一定的影响. 硅灰含量(质量分数3%～5%)对浇注料的流变性有较大影响,随着硅灰加入量的增大,浇注料的流变性逐渐变好. 在实验的镁砂粉粒度下,镁砂粉含量(质量分数4%～12%)对浇注料的流变性影响较小. 三聚磷酸钠加入量(质量分数0.13%～0.19%)对浇注料的流变性影响较大,随分散剂加入量的增加浇注料的流变性逐渐变好,在0.19%时又变差,最佳加入量为0.15%～0.17%. 随粒度分布系数增大(0.23～0.31),浇注料所需的加水量逐渐降低,流变性逐渐变好,0.29以后变化不大. 浇注料的流变性和流动性有较好的相关性. 浇注料的流变性越好,流动性也越好.     

地下铝土矿采矿环境再造连续采矿理念

为解决复杂难采、水害突出的铝土矿地下开采技术难题,基于采矿环境再造和连续采矿理论,提出了地下铝土矿采矿环境再造连续采矿理念.新理念主要包括基于疏、导、引、堵和用等综合水处理措施的开采水环境再造技术、借鉴金属矿无间柱连续采矿技术和煤炭机械化采煤技术的连续采矿技术、以矿岩地应力人为控制方式实现的应力环境再造技术等三项主要内容.新理念为复杂难采、水害突出、低价值软破及原本不具备开采价值等矿体的开发利用提供了一条新思路.     

矿载体制备的一氧化碳耐硫变换催化剂工业化应用

采用不定形活性铝土矿粒作载体 ,经一次性浸渍制成CO耐硫变换催化剂 .在小合成氨厂“中 +低 +低”变换工艺中使用 .迄今年余 ,变换活性良好、汽 气比要求低、无特殊工艺要求 .负荷保持在 90 0 - 10 0 0h- 1 之间 ,碳氨日产量均达 2 30 - 2 5 0t.系统运行良好 ,操作稳定 ,满足生产的要求 .