冷轧双相钢再加热过时效热处理实验研究

为提升DP590冷轧双相钢综合力学性能,利用CAS-300Ⅱ型连退模拟试验机,通过模拟退火实验,研究了冷轧双相钢再加热过时效工艺(R-OA工艺)中,不同再加热温度对其组织性能的影响,并与传统冷轧双相钢的生产工艺的组织性能进行分析对比,结果表明:R-OA工艺较传统工艺相比,马氏体周围有较多M-A岛组织;R-OA工艺再加热温度超过350℃时,实验钢屈服强度小于290 MPa,屈强比0.42,抗拉强度超过701 MPa,延伸率大于31.8%。     

DP590冷轧板热处理的组织和性能

为了加速国内双相钢的开发和应用,采用CAS-300Ⅱ模拟退火实验机,通过模拟退火实验,研究了加热速率、临界区退火温度、过时效温度、过时效时间对DP590双相钢组织性能的影响.结果表明,加热速率在5~60℃/s内增加时,屈服强度、抗拉强度均增加,延伸率、强塑积均减小;临界区退火温度在780~850℃内增加时,屈服强度、抗拉强度先减小后增加,延伸率、强塑积均增加;过时效温度在260~400℃内增加时,屈服强度增加,抗拉强度减小,延伸率整体呈增加趋势,屈强比增加;在280℃进行过时效,过时效时间在240~480s内增加时,屈服强度、抗拉强度均减小,延伸率、强塑积先减小后增加.     

Effect of temper rolling on the bake-hardening behavior of low carbon steel

In a typical process, low carbon steel was annealed at two different temperatures (660℃ and 750℃), and then was temper rolled to improve the mechanical properties. Pre-straining and baking treatments were subsequently carried out to measure the bake-hardening (BH) values. The influences of annealing temperature and temper rolling on the BH behavior of the steel were investigated. The results indicated that the microstructure evolution during temper rolling was related to carbon atoms and dislocations. After an apparent increase, the BH value of the steel significantly decreased when the temper rolling reduction was increased from 0% to 5%. This was attributed to the increase in solute carbon concentration and dislocation density. The maximum BH values of the steel annealed at 660℃ and 750℃ were 80 MPa and 89 MPa at the reductions of 3% and 4%, respectively. Moreover, increasing the annealing temperature from 660 to 750℃ resulted in an obvious increase in the BH value due to carbide dissolution.     

Effect of continuous annealing parameters on the mechanical properties and microstructures of a cold rolled dual phase steel

A cold rolled dual phase (DP) steel with the C-Si-Mn alloy system was trial-produced in the laboratory, utilizing a Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator. The effects of continuous annealing parameters on the mechanical properties and microstructures of the DP steel were investigated by mechanical testing and microstructure observation. The results show that soaking between 760 and 820℃ for more than 80 s, rapid cooling at the rate of more than 30℃/s from the quenching temperature between 620 and 680℃, and overaging lower than 300℃ are beneficial for the mechanical properties of DP steels. An appropriate proportion of the two phases is one of the key factors for the favorable properties of DP steels. If the volume fraction of martensite and, thereby, free dislocations are deficient, the tensile strength and n value of DP steels will decrease, whereas, the yield strength will increase. But if the volume fraction of martensite is excessive to make it become a dominant phase, the yield and tensile strength will increase, whereas, the elongation will decrease obviously. When rapid cooling rate is not fast enough, pearlite or cementite will appear, which will degrade the mechanical properties. Even though martensite is sufficient, if it is decomposed in high temperature tempering, the properties will he unsatisfied.     

Effect of hot-dip galvanizing processes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 600-MPa hot-dip galvanized dual-phase steel

A C-Mn dual-phase steel was soaked at 800℃ for 90 s and then either rapidly cooled to 450℃ and held for 30 s (process A) or rapidly cooled to 350℃ and then reheated to 450℃ (process B) to simulate the hot-dip galvanizing process. The influence of the hot-dip galvanizing process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 600-MPa hot-dip galvanized dual-phase steel (DP600) was investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and tensile tests. The results showed that, in the case of process A, the microstructure of DP600 was composed of ferrite, martensite, and a small amount of bainite. The granular bainite was formed in the hot-dip galvanizing stage, and martensite islands were formed in the final cooling stage after hot-dip galvanizing. By contrast, in the case of process B, the microstructure of the DP600 was composed of ferrite, martensite, bainite, and cementite. In addition, compared with the yield strength (YS) of the DP600 annealed by process A, that for the DP600 annealed by process B increased by approximately 50 MPa because of the tempering of the martensite formed during rapid cooling. The work-hardening coefficient (n value) of the DP600 steel annealed by process B clearly decreased because the increase of the YS affected the computation result for the n value. However, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation (A₈₀) of the DP600 annealed by process B exhibited less variation compared with those of the DP600 annealed by process A. Therefore, DP600 with excellent comprehensive mechanical properties (YS=362 MPa, UTS=638 MPa, A₈₀=24.3%, n=0.17) was obtained via process A.     

前置式超快冷方式下DP700的生产工艺

基于前置式超快冷(UFC)系统,在热轧生产线上开发减量化的双相钢(DP)生产工艺.结合大量实验室热轧实验,摸索出DP钢在超快冷方式下的冷却工艺.现场工业生产得到的DP钢抗拉强度在700MPa以上,屈强比为0.51～0.60,伸长率为22%～28%.实验室和生产线上试制结果表明,采用前置式UFC生产DP钢,可以少用或者不用(微)合金,降低成本且提高焊接性能.     

退火温度对单向纤维晶纯铜线材组织性能影响

对退火前后单向纤维晶纯铜线材组织进行了观察，测试了其力学与导电性能，结果表明：在300℃以下退火时，线材的金相显微组织与退火前相比没有明显变化，仍然保持为连续纤维晶，其抗拉强度有所下降，延伸率有所增加；在400℃退火时，线材发生完全再结晶，且有孪晶生成；500％退火时，再结晶晶粒长大；在400℃以上退火时，抗拉强度大幅度下降，延伸率显著增加；在200～400℃的范围退火时，电导率增加，但增幅较小。     

Effects of pre-strain and baking parameters on the microstructure and bake-hardening behavior of dual-phase steel

In a typical process, C-Mn steel was annealed at 800°C for 180 s, and then cooled rapidly to obtain the ferrite-martensite microstructure. After pre-straining, the specimens were baked and the corresponding bake-hardening (BH) values were determined as a function of pre-strain, baking temperature, and baking time. The influences of pre-strain, baking temperature and baking time on the microstructure evolution and bake-hardening behavior of the dual-phase steel were investigated systematically. It was found that the BH value apparently increased with an increase in pre-strain in the range from 0 to 1%; however, increasing pre-strain from 1% to 8% led to a decrease in the BH value. Furthermore, an increase in baking temperature favored a gradual improvement in the BH value because of the formation of Cottrell atmosphere and the precipitation of carbides in both the ferrite and martensite phases. The BH value reached a maximum of 110 MPa at a baking temperature of 300°C. Moreover, the BH value enhanced significantly with increasing baking time from 10 to 100 min.     

AZ31镁合金的热变形加工图及其应用

为了确定AZ31镁合金轧制工艺参数,利用Gleeble--3500热模拟试验机进行热压缩试验以测试其热变形行为,并根据动态材料模型理论得到其热加工图.当变形温度为380～400℃、应变速率为3～12 s-1时,功率耗散效率大于30%,属于动态再结晶峰区;在该区域进行异步轧制变形退火处理后得到平均晶粒直径为2.3μm的细晶组织,抗拉强度为322.7MPa,延伸率为19.6%.当应变速率大于15 s-1时,属于流变失稳区,250～300℃低温加工时合金的塑性显著降低,350～400℃高温加工时合金出现混晶组织.     

等温温度和时间对超级贝氏体钢Fe-0.40C-2.2Mn-1.5Si相变和组织性能的影响

以超级贝氏体钢Fe-0.40C-2.2Mn-1.5Si为对象,通过热模拟试验、扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析和拉伸试验等方法,研究等温转变温度和保温时间对试验钢的贝氏体相变、微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着等温转变温度的降低,钢的显微组织中贝氏体形貌从颗粒状贝氏体转变为板条状贝氏体,其强度逐渐提高,但伸长率和强塑积先增大后减小;随着保温时间的增加,钢的抗拉强度逐渐降低,而伸长率和强塑积逐渐增大,因此可通过适当延长相变时间来改善钢的综合力学性能;在350℃下保温90min时,试验钢显微组织中残余奥氏体体积分数最大,且具有最大强塑积。     

新型中锰热轧TRIP钢组织演变及力学性能

利用Thermo-Calc软件设计了一种中锰相变诱导塑性(TRIP)钢,利用全新的热处理工艺对其进行处理,研究了残余奥氏体的含量及其稳定性,并对该钢的显微组织和力学性能进行了分析.结果表明,实验用钢可获得接近1000MPa的抗拉强度和30%以上的断后延伸率,且强塑积>30GPa·%.固溶温度对钢的力学性能具有显著影响,热轧TRIP钢固溶温度为750~800℃时,实验钢获得最佳的力学性能.     

不同工艺低碳Nb-B贝氏体钢组织性能

对一种不添加其他微合金元素的低碳Nb-B微合金贝氏体钢在不同工艺的组织和力学性能进行研究.结果表明,终轧温度为850℃,冷却速度10℃/s左右,终冷温度560℃时,实验钢的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为495和720MPa,-20℃冲击功和延伸率分别为159 J和23%,实验钢组织为粒状贝氏体和准多边形铁素体;终冷温度降至480℃,实验钢组织为粒状贝氏体,屈服强度和-20℃冲击功分别提高51 MPa和93 J;终轧温度降至810℃时,屈服强度相对增加24MPa;冷却速度增大到25℃/s,组织为粒状贝氏体、少量的针状铁素体和板条贝氏体,屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为655和777 MPa,而-20℃冲击功和...     

超细亚晶粒铝合金的强化机理

在室温下对经过时效处理的2024铝合金实施了等效应变为0.5的等通道转角挤压(ECAP)变形,将形变强化、时效强化和晶界细化强化有机结合,制备出超细亚晶粒铝合金,其硬度、屈服强度、伸长率分别约达100 HV,130 MPa和31%.分析探讨了超细亚晶粒2024铝合金的强化机理.研究结果表明,屈服强度的实测数值和理论计算...     

回火温度对1500MPa级直接淬火钢组织与性能的影响

设计了一种新型1500MPa级Si-Mn-Cr-Ni-Mo多组元系低合金、超高强度工程结构钢,研究了回火温度对直接淬火钢组织与力学性能的影响.结果表明,抗拉强度随回火温度的升高而不断降低,屈服强度随回火温度升高先升高后下降,延伸率和冲击功均随回火温度升高呈现先升高、后降低、再升高的变化趋势.分析认为,回火过程组织演变的物理机制一方面包括板条马氏体和位错亚结构的回复、再结晶软化过程,另一方面包括残余奥氏体的分解与马氏体中过饱和碳的脱溶及析出第2相的强化机制综合作用.250℃回火后,板条马氏体内析出ε碳化物;400℃回火后ε碳化物明显粗化,产生回火脆性;600℃回火后部分析出相在奥氏体中形核,在马氏体基体内长大和粗化,最终形态为近似球形,另一部分析出相在马氏体内形核、生长,呈现椭球形或矩形.     

800MPa级冷轧双相钢的动态变形行为及本构模型

采用Hopkinson拉杆试验系统对800 MPa级冷轧双相钢(DP800)进行动态拉伸试验,动态拉伸选择应变速率为500、1000和2250 s-1 . 通过比较试验结果得出:双相钢的塑性延伸强度Rp0. 2和抗拉强度Rm与应变速率的关系呈指数形式增加;DP800在高应变速率塑性变形会产生绝热温升效应,计算可得DP800在应变速率为2250 s-1时拉伸变形产生的绝热温升为89℃. 基于J-C ( Johnson-Cook)模型和Z-A ( Zerilli-Armstrong)模型,对DP800的本构模型进行了研究,并对J-C模型应变速率效应多项式进行二次化修正,修正后的J-C模型相较于J-C模型对DP800在不同应变速率下的平均可决系数从0. 9228提高到0. 9886.     

粉末冶金制备的AISI 8620钢渗碳后的磨损和力学性能

The effect of carburization on the tensile strength and wear resistance of AISI 8620 steel produced via powder metallurgy was investigated. Alloys 1 and 2 (with 0.2wt% C and 0.25wt% C, respectively) were first pressed at 700 MPa and then sintered at 1300, 1400, or 1500°C for 1 h. The ideal sintering temperature of 1400°C was determined. Afterward, Alloys 1 and 2 sintered at 1400°C were carburized at 925°C for 4 h. The microstructure characterization of alloys was performed via optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical and wear behavior of carburized and noncarburized alloys were investigated via hardness, tensile, and wear tests. After carburization, the ultimate tensile strength of Alloys 1 and 2 increased to 134.4% and 138.1%, respectively. However, the elongation rate of Alloys 1 and 2 decreased to 62.6% and 64.7%, respectively. The wear depth values of Alloy 2 under noncarburized and carburized conditions and a load of 30 N were 231.2 and 100.1 μm, respectively. Oxidative wear changed to abrasive wear when the load transitioned from 15 to 30 N.     

两相区退火温度对高铝低硅TRIP 钢组织性能的影响

对高铝低硅TRIP钢进行两相区退火,通过分析退火后实验钢的微观结构和力学性能,建立了加工硬化指数与相组成的关系,探讨了残余奥氏体稳定性对力学性能的影响.结果表明,随着两相区退火温度的升高,实验钢中贝氏体含量逐渐降低,残余奥氏体含量先增大后降低,并在930℃退火时达到最大.随着两相区退火温度的升高,实验钢的抗拉强度逐渐降低,延伸率先增大后降低,930℃退火时抗拉强度为665MPa,延伸率达到最大,为30%,强塑积约为20GPa·%.EBSD统计和拉伸试验的结果表明,两相区退火温度为930℃时,残余奥氏体稳定性适中,从而在拉伸过程中不断地提供加工硬化,推迟颈缩的发生,大幅度提高塑性.     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of C-Mn-Cr-Nb and C-Mn-Si-Nb ultra-high strength dual-phase steels

The microstructures and mechanical properties of C-Mn-Cr-Nb and C-Mn-Si-Nb ultra-high strength dual-phase steels were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and tensile test. The results show that Si can promote the transformation of austenite (γ) to ferrite (α), enlarge the (α+γ) region, and increase the aging stability of martensite by inhibiting carbide precipitation. Adding Cr leads to the formation of retained austenite and martensite/austenite (M/A) constituents, as well as the decomposition of martensite during the overaging stage. Both of the steels show higher initial strain-hardening rates and two-stage strain-hardening characteristics. The C-Mn-Si-Nb steel shows the higher strain-hardening rate than the C-Mn-Cr-Nb steel in the first stage; however, there is no significant difference in the second stage. Although the tensile strength and elongation of the two steels both exceed 1000 MPa and 15%, respectively, the comprehensive mechanical properties of the C-Mn-Si-Nb steel are superior.     

回火对非调质SG钢组织和性能的影响

采用低频力学谱仪、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜并结合JMatPro软件分析了贝氏体型非调质SG钢在350 °C回火后的组织及强韧化机制,分析其内耗与温度的关系曲线中Snoek峰、SKK峰及其微观形貌,探讨了贝氏体中铁素体的碳原子分布及析出行为、粒状贝氏体中岛状马氏体/奥氏体的分解规律.结果表明：未回火SG钢的Snoek峰强度极低,且贝氏体中铁素体的固溶碳原子含量较低;经350 °C回火2 h后,SG钢的屈服强度最高.这是由于析出强化和位错强化共同作用的结果,其中分解出现的弥散碳化物Cr7C3相起到了主要作用.     

690MPa级海洋平台用特厚齿条钢的回火稳定性

研究了长时间回火(2,4和8h)对海洋平台用齿条钢A514 GrQ显微组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明,回火过程中,淬火态马氏体板条组织发生回复,C,Cr,Mo和V等元素扩散,析出MC,M₂C和M₂₃C₆型碳化物,回火2h后碳化物类型趋于稳定,并发生Ostwald熟化现象;随着回火时间的增加,实验钢的抗拉强度由淬火态的1100MPa逐渐降低到回火8h时的813MPa,屈服强度由淬火态的931MPa逐渐降低至回火8h时的725MPa;淬火态实验钢回火2h后,-60℃冲击功由淬火态的187J增加至238J,继续增加回火时间,冲击功趋于稳定,约为245J;延伸率由淬火态的15.2%增加至回火2h时的16.7%,并且随着回火时间的增加,升高至回火8h时的19.5%.实验钢在600℃回火2~8h过程中,具有良好的回火稳定性和强韧性匹配,最佳回火时间为2h.