工作条件对铜包铝扁排导电性能的影响

采用数值分析方法,分析工作温度、扁排与环境的换热量、载流量等工作条件对铜包铝扁排导电性能的影响. 结果表明:当扁排工作温度升高时,交流功率损耗增加的比值小于直流电阻增大的比例;当包覆层断面结构相同时,扁排可承载的平均电流密度随断面面积的增大而减小;采用单位长度直流电阻相同的铜包铝导电扁排替代铜扁排,在节省铜资源和原材料成本的同时,铜包铝扁排可承载的最大载流量增加,功率损耗和工作温度降低.     

HRB500E高强度抗震钢筋焊接性能

国内某厂通过铌微合金化和控冷工艺开发试制HRB500E高强度抗震钢筋,采用金相显微镜、维氏硬度计、闪光焊接、疲劳试验机及力学性能测试,对HRB500E钢筋焊接样力学性能、HV5硬度、金相显微组织、焊接接头强度及疲劳强度进行了试验研究。结果表明:焊接前后焊件和母材强度变化小于5 MPa,强度变化不大,焊件拉伸断口远离焊缝,为延性断口,焊接性能良好;在焊接热循环作用下,焊接接头焊缝、热影响粗晶区、热影响细晶区的表层和芯部经历奥氏体化后再结晶,其组织和硬度变化不大;混晶区至母材表层和芯部则经历不完全奥氏体化后的再结晶,母材芯部组织为F+P+B、表层组织为S,表层硬度HV5高于芯部硬度30 HV5,其组织和硬度变化较大;焊接接头的抗拉断负荷从焊缝到混晶区逐渐减小,焊缝和热影响粗晶区的抗拉断负荷比母材的高;采用国际焊接学会推荐的FAT75疲劳设计曲线对钢筋焊接接头疲劳强度设计是安全的。     

等通道转角挤压对铝青铜力学性能的影响

采用等通道转角挤压（ECAE）工艺对铝青铜(Cu 10%Al 4%Fe)进行热处理,研究了ECAE处理工艺中预热温度、挤压道次及退火处理对铝青铜外观形貌、微观组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明:在650 °C的预热温度下,铝青铜可以顺利通过ECAE挤压通道;随着ECAE挤压道次从1增至4,铝青铜的显微硬度、屈服强度及延伸率显著增加;经500 °C退火60 min处理后,铝青铜的力学性能最佳.     

退火温度对单向纤维晶纯铜线材组织性能影响

对退火前后单向纤维晶纯铜线材组织进行了观察，测试了其力学与导电性能，结果表明：在300℃以下退火时，线材的金相显微组织与退火前相比没有明显变化，仍然保持为连续纤维晶，其抗拉强度有所下降，延伸率有所增加；在400℃退火时，线材发生完全再结晶，且有孪晶生成；500％退火时，再结晶晶粒长大；在400℃以上退火时，抗拉强度大幅度下降，延伸率显著增加；在200～400℃的范围退火时，电导率增加，但增幅较小。     

薄带连铸因瓦合金的组织、织构及力学性能研究

将薄带连铸技术引入因瓦合金的制备流程，利用金相显微镜、XRD、EBSD、微观硬度计、拉伸实验机等设备，围绕薄带连铸因瓦合金的组织织构演化及力学性能开展研究.结果表明:在钢液过热度较高的条件下，因瓦合金凝固组织以粗大的柱状奥氏体晶粒为主，织构为强烈的λ纤维织构(<100>//ND).冷轧过程中形成大量的变形亚结构，使硬度(HV)由铸态的165提高至230~240，冷轧织构以典型的铜型织构(112<111>)及S型织构(123<634>)为主.0.7mm厚冷轧板经900℃退火10min，形成包含大量退火孪晶的再结晶组织，织构较漫散，其屈服强度、抗拉强度和断后延伸率分别达293MPa，433MPa和33.4%，与传统流程制备的0.7mm厚因瓦合金的性能相当.     

Ta-7.5％W在退火过程中的组织和织构演变

通过金相组织观察、透射电子显微镜(TEM)及显微硬度测试,研究冷轧变形量为95％的Ta-7.5％W合金箔材在1 050,1 200和1 360℃退火时的组织和性能变化,并采用取向密度函数(ODF)分析在此过程中其织构演变规律.对其实验结果进行研究发现:冷轧态Ta-7.5％W合金硬度为HV 300,经1 360℃退火后硬度迅速减小,说明此时合金已发生回复再结晶.轧制后的Ta-7.5％W合金箔材具有各向异性,在轧面∥{111}取向上形成位错胞亚结构,在轧面∥{100}取向上形成了形变带,冷轧态的主要织构为{001}〈110〉,{112} 〈110〉和{110}〈110〉织构;在1 200℃退火时,在轧面∥{111}取向上,再结晶通过亚晶界迁移、亚晶长大形核,而在轧面∥{100}取向上,主要是通过亚晶转动、聚合形核;{001}〈110〉织构增强,{112}〈110〉织构减弱;在1 360℃退火时,{001}〈110〉织构急剧减弱,{111}〈112〉织构增强.     

累积叠轧Al/Cu复合板界面反应层核-壳结构形成机制

采用累积叠轧(ARB)结合多次退火处理制备了Al/Cu复合板,重点研究了Al/Cu界面反应层核-壳结构形成机制. 结果表明:Al/Cu界面反应层的形成主要依赖于退火过程中铜原子在界面处的扩散,反应产物包括Al₂Cu、AlCu、Al₄Cu₉. 轧制变形致使反应层破碎并在基体中均匀分布,轧后退火处理导致新的反应层不断形成.最终经多次叠轧及退火处理,原始铜板材全部转变为椭球状具有核-壳结构的Al/Cu金属间化合物颗粒. 8道次复合板抗拉强度最高,达到176.8 MPa,是退火态1060抗拉强度的1.74倍;0道次复合板延伸率较好,主要是Al/Cu界面分层后铝层均匀塑性变形,应力缓慢释放所致.     

结晶器用铜合金表面激光熔覆Ni基涂层研究

采用IPG-YLS-5000光纤激光器在Cu-Cr-Zr合金表面制备了Ni60+WC合金熔覆层。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪等分析手段对熔覆层的微观组织、界面成分、物相组成、硬度及耐磨性进行表征和测试,得到了工艺参数对稀释率的影响规律。结果显示,提高激光功率和激光扫描速率均可以增加稀释率。当WC含量较少时,WC颗粒全部熔解;当WC含量较多时,存在未熔解的WC颗粒相。随着WC含量的增加,熔覆层组织先粗化后细化,枝晶间分布有颗粒相。熔覆层的硬度和耐磨性远高于基体,并随着WC含量的增加而增加,熔覆层的硬度最高可达1 000 HV。随着WC含量的增加,熔覆层的磨损失重逐渐变小,与铜合金相比,当WC的含量达到20%时,磨损失重仅为1.1 g。     

Cu对高压电解电容器阳极铝箔再结晶织构的影响

采用织构定量检测等方法研究了铜元素对高压电解电容器阳极铝箔立方织构的影响, 讨论了相关的影响原理.结果表明, 微量铜元素的变化会改变其在位错附近的偏聚状态, 进而影响轧制铝箔的塑性变形过程和取向分布状态, 因此铜元素会影响其再结晶行为和退火铝箔的立方织构量.较低的铜含量和较高的晶粒长大温度有利于立方织构占有率的提高.     

Microstructural evolution during ultra-rapid annealing of severely deformed low-carbon steel: strain,temperature, and heating rate effects

An interaction between ferrite recrystallization and austenite transformation in low-carbon steel occurs when recrystallization is delayed until the intercritical temperature range by employing high heating rate. The kinetics of recrystallization and transformation is affected by high heating rate and such an interaction. In this study, different levels of strain are applied to low-carbon steel using a severe plastic deformation method. Then, ultra-rapid annealing is performed at different heating rates of 200–1100℃/s and peak temperatures of near critical temperature. Five regimes are proposed to investigate the effects of heating rate, strain, and temperature on the interaction between recrystallization and transformation. The microstructural evolution of severely deformed low-carbon steel after ultra-rapid annealing is investigated based on the proposed regimes. Regarding the intensity and start temperature of the interaction, different microstructures consisting of ferrite and pearlite/martensite are formed. It is found that when the interaction is strong, the microstructure is refined because of the high kinetics of transformation and recrystallization. Moreover, strain shifts an interaction zone to a relatively higher heating rate. Therefore, severely deformed steel should be heated at relatively higher heating rates for it to undergo a strong interaction.     

铝合金表面机械球磨Ni-Al-Mo复合涂层的制备及其摩擦特性研究

通过机械球磨方法在铝合金表面制备了Ni-Al-Mo复合涂层,对涂层微观组织、组成成分和摩擦学性能等进行了分析.结果表明:经过7 h机械球磨制备的Ni-Al-Mo复合涂层内元素均匀分布;550℃退火后涂层中均有Al3 Ni金属间化合物新相生成;复合涂层中Al3 Ni和Mo的存在使得涂层硬度高于铝合金基体和Ni-Al涂层,...     

Electrical annealing of severely deformed copper: microstructure and hardness

Commercial pure copper sheets were severely deformed after primary annealing to a strain magnitude of 2.32 through constrained groove pressing. After induction of an electrical current, the sheets were heated for 0.5, 1, 2, or 3 s up to maximum temperatures of 150, 200, 250, or 300℃. To compare the annealing process in the current-carrying system with that in the current-free system, four other samples were heated to 300℃ at holding times of 60, 90, 120, or 150 s in a salt bath. The microstructural evolution and hardness values of the samples were then investigated. The results generally indicated that induction of an electrical current could accelerate the recrystallization process by decreasing the thermodynamic barriers for nucleation. In other words, the current effect, in addition to the thermal effect, enhanced the diffusion rate and dislocation climb velocity. During the primary stages of recrystallization, the grown nuclei of electrically annealed samples showed greater numbers and a more homogeneous distribution than those of the samples annealed in the salt bath. In the fully recrystallized condition, the grain size of electrically annealed samples was smaller than that of conventionally annealed samples. The hardness values and metallographic images obtained indicate that, unlike the conventional annealing process, which promotes restoration phenomena with increasing heating time, the electrical annealing process does not necessarily promote these phenomena. This difference is hypothesized to stem from conflicts between thermal and athermal effects during recrystallization.     

对86CrMoV7大型冷轧辊预备热处理工艺的研究

对86CrMoV7冷轧辊用钢进行了锻后正火、等温球化退火、去H退火的试验研究，研究了轧辊的预备热 处理工艺对冷轧工作辊组织的影响，加热温度和时间对组织的影响。结果表明，适宜的预备热处理工艺为：950 ± 10℃正火，等温球化退火温度790±10℃，去氢退火温度660～690℃。     

Studies on induction hardening of powder-metallurgy-processed Fe-Cr/Mo alloys

Induction hardening of dense Fe-Cr/Mo alloys processed via the powder-metallurgy route was studied. The Fe-3Cr-0.5Mo, Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo, and Fe-0.85Mo pre-alloyed powders were mixed with 0.4wt%, 0.6wt%, and 0.8wt% C and compacted at 500, 600, and 700 MPa, respectively. The compacts were sintered at 1473 K for 1 h and then cooled at 6 K/min. Ferrite with pearlite was mostly observed in the sintered alloys with 0.4wt% C, whereas a carbide network was also present in the alloys with 0.8wt% C. Graphite at prior particle boundaries led to deterioration of the mechanical properties of alloys with 0.8wt% C, whereas no significant induction hardening was achieved in alloys with 0.4wt% C. Among the investigated samples, alloys with 0.6wt% C exhibited the highest strength and ductility and were found to be suitable for induction hardening. The hardening was carried out at a frequency of 2.0 kHz for 2-3 s. A case depth of 2.5 mm was achieved while maintaining the bulk (interior) hardness of approximately HV 230. A martensitic structure was observed on the outer periphery of the samples. The hardness varied from HV 600 to HV 375 from the sample surface to the interior of the case hardened region. The best combination of properties and hardening depth was achieved in case of the Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo alloy with 0.6wt% C.     

Effect of different deformation and annealing procedures on non-magnetic textured Cu<Subscript>60</Subscript>Ni<Subscript>40</Subscript> alloy substrates

In this work, a series of specimens was prepared by the casting method. Sharp cube-textured substrates were processed by heavy cold rolling and recrystallization annealing (i.e., the rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrates (RABiTS) method). Both the rolling and the recrystallization texture in the alloy tapes were investigated by X-ray diffraction and electron back-scatter diffraction, respectively. The results showed that a strong copper-type deformation texture was obtained in the heavy cold-rolled substrate. In addition, the recrystallization annealing process was found to be very important for the texture transition in the Cu–Ni alloy substrates. The cube texture content in the Cu₆₀Ni₄₀ alloy substrates reached 99.7% (≤10°) after optimization of the cold-rolling procedure and the recrystallizing heat-treatment process, whereas the content of low-angle grain boundaries (from 2° to 10° misorientation) in the substrate reached 95.1%.     

退火时间对高强细晶IF钢再结晶织构的影响

以含铌高强细晶IF钢为研究对象,在不同保温时间下进行了连续退火实验.通过采用OM显微分析及EBSD测试技术对实验钢进行显微组织和微观织构观察分析,得到含铌高强细晶IF钢在退火过程中织构的演变规律.实验结果揭示：高强细晶IF钢在连续退火过程中形成较强的〈111〉//ND再结晶织构.当退火温度为850℃,保温时间为120 s时,钢板具有最强的〈111〉//ND织构;随着保温时间的增加,〈111 〉//ND织构逐渐增强,〈 110〉//RD先减弱后增强.再结晶织构在{111}面与{112}面之间转化并发生漫散现象.     

Microtextural evolution of different TRC AA8006 alloy sections with homogenization

Grain microtexture evolution in twin-roll cast AA8006 alloy sheets subjected to different treatments was investigated using electron backscatter diffraction. The textures of rolling-transverse and normal-transverse sections were characterized in original as-cast twin-roll casting and cold-rolled samples as well as samples homogenized at 500℃ for 8 h and at 580℃ for 4 h. It is found that grains on both the rolling-transverse and normal-transverse sections of cold-rolled samples are made finer by rolling deformation and coarsened after homogenization. Annealing temperature has a stronger effect on the microstructural evolution than annealing time. The grain growth direction is parallel to the normal-transverse section, while grain deformation is more stable on the rolling direction than on the normal direction. The rolling orientations display more obvious anisotropy on the normal-transverse sections than on the rolling-transverse sections. Grain recrystallization and growth occur much easier on the normal-transverse section than on the rolling-transverse section for samples homogenized at 500℃ for 8 h. A special misorientation relationship between cold deformation texture, such as S orientation {123}<634> and cube orientation <110>‖X_axis[cubic], and recrystallization texture after homogenization, such as R orientation {124}<211> and P orientation {011}<122>, is observed.     

Effects of hot compression deformation temperature on the microstructure and properties of Al-Zr-La alloys

The main goal of this study is to investigate the microstructure and electrical properties of Al-Zr-La alloys under different hot compression deformation temperatures. In particular, a Gleeble 3500 thermal simulator was used to carry out multi-pass hot compression tests. For five-pass hot compression deformation, the last-pass deformation temperatures were 240, 260, 300, 340, 380, and 420℃, respectively, where the first-pass deformation temperature was 460℃. The experimental results indicated that increasing the hot compression deformation temperature with each pass resulted in improved electrical conductivity of the alloy. Consequently, the flow stress was reduced after deformation of the samples subjected to the same number of passes. In addition, the dislocation density gradually decreased and the grain size increased after hot compression deformation. Furthermore, the dynamic recrystallization behavior was effectively suppressed during the hot compression process because spherical Al₃Zr precipitates pinned the dislocation movement effectively and prevented grain boundary sliding.     

退火条件对6016铝合金硬度和蠕变性能的影响

【目的】研究6016铝合金在不同退火温度和时效条件下的硬度和蠕变性能,为生产应用领域提供参考依据。【方法】利用纳米压痕技术对不同退火温度和时效处理的6016铝合金的硬度及蠕变性能进行测试。【结果】退火温度对6016铝合金的硬度影响不大;随着自然时效时间的延长,各试样的硬度值都出现先略微变化,然后大幅减小再增大的趋势。蠕变系数在不同自然时效时间下出现浮动现象,蠕变系数n=1.723~2.796,各试样蠕变系数呈现先变小后增大再减小的趋势,在7d时效时出现最优值,在27d时出现峰值,随时间延长蠕变系数出现回归现象,材料形变速率减小,并趋于一个相对稳定状态;但在同样时效条件下它们的差异并不明显。【结论】经过不同温度和不同时效时间处理的6016铝合金,其硬度随时效时间变化而变化。热处理对蠕变系数的影响较弱,6016铝合金的力学性能比较稳定。对6016铝合金板材采用"退火处理+自然时效"后,最适宜的应用时间是在两个月后。     

铝诱导层交换的研究进展

铝诱导层交换是指铝-非晶硅双层膜经低温退火后,铝和非晶硅层的位置发生交换,导致在原来铝层的位置处形成一完整连续的多晶硅层.这一技术的应用将大幅度降低制备多晶硅薄膜的成本.本文针对近几年有关铝诱导层交换的研究进展,包括实验和理论研究两方面的进展,结合铝诱导层交换表征的一具体实例,对影响铝诱导交换的主要因素、层交换的动态过程及其机理作了一个综述.