以煤泥为还原剂海滨钛磁铁矿直接还原焙烧反应历程

研究以煤泥为还原剂,印尼某海滨钛磁铁矿在直接还原焙烧过程中,不同焙烧温度下矿物组成变化规律. X射线衍射和扫描电镜分析结果表明,随着焙烧温度的升高,钛磁铁矿逐渐被还原. 其中铁矿物经过浮士体( FeO) ,最终被还原成金属铁;而钛则经过钛尖晶石最终生成钛铁矿和少部分的铁板钛矿. 在整个直接还原焙烧过程中,金属铁颗粒在1100℃左右生成,然后不断长大,在1250℃时金属铁颗粒明显增多,在之后的保温过程中,金属铁颗粒不断长大,并在此过程中将金属铁从中分离出来.     

添加硅铁对钛精矿直接还原-渣铁分离的影响

利用碳热还原方法研究了硅铁添加对钛精矿还原及渣铁分离效果的影响.结界表明:硅铁可提高还原反应速率和铁的金属化率,在1 380℃还原30 min的金属化率达到84.5%.添加硅铁还可明显缩短还原球团冶炼周期,降低渣中金属铁含量,提高渣铁分离效率及钛渣品位(Ti O2的质量分数为84.75%).同时运用Fact Sage软件对钛渣液相线及黏度进行了理论计算,结果表明:添加硅铁对钛渣黏度影响不大,但可增大钛渣的液相区域,从而有利于金属铁的聚集长大及分离.理论计算很好地解释了实验结果.     

镍沉降渣深度还原过程中的相变特征

通过化学成分、光学显微镜、X射线衍射、扫描电镜能谱分析等测试手段,分析了镍沉降渣矿物成分和嵌布特点和沉降渣深度还原过程中物相的转变特征,结果表明,渣的物相由铁镁橄榄石和玻璃质组成.渣中主要有用成分铜镍铁硫化物嵌布粒度微细,分布无规律,回收困难.经深度还原,沉降渣逐渐转变为镁黄长石、含镍金属铁、辉石、钙霞石、钠闪石、石英等新的矿物成分,加热至1300℃,还原产物物相组成稳定,镁黄长石和含镍金属铁相对含量最高.还原时间也是影响还原效果重要因素,含镍金属铁相对含量随还原时间的增加而增长,120 min时相对含量最高.热力学分析表明,镍沉降渣深度还原过程中主要发生的反应为铁镁橄榄石与氧化钙作用生成镁黄长石和FeO,FeO被C和CO还原为金属铁.金属硫化物与CaO和C通过氧化还原作用,生成的金属铜和镍溶于金属铁中,产生的CaS与硅酸盐一起析出.     

低品位铁矿石直接还原过程铁颗粒生长和解离特性

对某低品位铁矿直接还原过程中金属铁颗粒的生长和解离特性进行了研究,重点讨论了还原剂用量和还原时间对铁颗粒长大的影响.X射线衍射和扫描电镜分析结果表明:减少还原剂用量能减弱还原气氛,减少结晶中心的生成,有利于铁颗粒的聚集长大,但因为部分铁损失于脉石中,所以限制了铁晶核的进一步长大;延长还原时间能有效地促进铁颗粒的聚集长大,并降低铁产品的活性,防止再氧化;还原矿中非晶态物质的生成以及金属铁和脉石的硬度差异,有利于金属铁颗粒的粗磨单体解离.     

高磷鲕状赤铁矿直接还原过程中铁颗粒长大特性研究

研究鄂西高磷鲕状赤铁矿直接还原过程中金属铁颗粒的长大特性,并着重讨论还原温度、渣相碱度及反应时间对铁颗粒长大的影响。研究结果表明,高磷鲕状赤铁矿直接还原过程中金属铁颗粒成核及晶核长大的过程是破坏原矿鲕状结构的过程;提高还原温度以及延长还原时间有利于铁颗粒的聚集长大,提高渣相碱度不利于铁颗粒的聚集长大。     

攀枝花钛精矿真空碳热固相还原

运用FactSage、XRD和BSE-EDS分析手段研究了在1 000～1 400℃下真空碳热还原钛精矿的物相变化及还原历程。结果表明:还原温度能促进还原反应进行和金属铁的形核长大。当温度为1 200～1 300℃时反应最为剧烈;在1 350℃时有硅进入铁相,初期有少量的Fe_2TiO_4→FeTiO_3,钛精矿的还原历程主要为:FeTiO_3→FeTi_2O_5→Ti_3O_5→Ti_2O_3。铁氧化物被还原为金属铁,并形核集聚长大,钛氧化物则由高价态向低价态转变,还原最终主要物相为Ti_2O_3和金属铁。还原过程中会形成(Fe,Mg)TiO_3及M_3O_5型固溶体,遏制铁的还原效果。     

Mk对调质高炉渣制备矿渣棉过程中熔渣性能影响

利用铁尾矿进行高炉渣调质实验,研究了酸度系数(M_k)对调质高炉熔渣析晶性能、黏度及表面张力的影响.结果表明:随M_k的增加,调质熔渣的析晶温度明显降低,当M_k高于1.4时熔渣温度降至1100℃,体系仍为无序玻璃相;随M_k的增大,调质熔渣黏度对温度变化的敏感性逐渐减弱,适宜成纤黏度范围对应的温度区间逐渐增大,适宜成纤黏度范围内最低成纤温度与析晶温度之差Δt=(_○t_○w-_○t_○l)逐渐增大,当M_k为1.2时Δt为101.7℃;在调质熔渣适宜成纤温度范围内,M_k对熔渣表面张力的影响不大,熔渣表面张力与黏度的比值σ/η(表征熔渣成形难易程度)随M_k的增大逐渐减小.     

钒钛磁铁精矿直接还原过程中金属铁颗粒长大特性

通过钒钛磁铁矿精矿直接还原实验,研究了不同还原剂和添加剂对还原过程金属铁颗粒长大的影响.提高还原温度能促进还原产物中金属铁颗粒的长大,金属铁颗粒中V含量也显著增加.与用无烟煤和褐煤还原产物相比,用烟煤还原产物中金属铁颗粒明显长大,这是由烟煤中高灰分含量所引起的.金属铁颗粒长大机理的研究表明:Na2CO3和Na2SiO3的熔点较低,且能破坏铁橄榄石和铁尖晶石的结构,并生成一些低熔点物质,而SiO2能与铁橄榄石形成低共熔混合物.这些低熔点物质都有助于改善金属铁相的扩散,从而促进金属铁颗粒长大.     

含铌铁精矿含碳球团还原过程中微观结构变化研究

借助SEM、EDS、XRD、化学分析等手段,对不同还原焙烧条件下含铌铁精矿含碳球团的金属化率、形貌、物相组成及元素分布等进行表征,在实验室模拟转底炉条件下研究了直接还原过程中铁矿物和钛、铌矿物的微观结构变化。结果表明,适当地提高还原温度或延长还原时间,有助于提高球团的金属化率,本实验条件下,在还原温度1100℃时保温20min,球团金属化率达到最大,约为86%;此外,随着还原温度的升高或还原时间的延长,金属铁不断聚集、长大,形成较大的金属颗粒,并逐渐连结形成网状结构,渣铁明显分离,含铌、钛矿物也聚集在一起分布在渣相中,为后续铌和钛的富集提供了有利条件。     

钒钛高炉渣中金属铁的物相分析碘—乙醇分离分光光度法测定

本文研究了钒钛高炉渣中金属铁的测定方法。认为可以采用碘——乙醇法。碘——乙醇与金属铁的反应具选择性,可避免渣中大量低价钛化合物的干扰。无毒,且对五官无刺激作用。分析结果与碘——甲醇法的极为相近。方法简便迅速,适于日常分析之用。     

Enhancement of the nickel converter slag-cleaning operation with the addition of spent potlining

The slag cleaning (or matte settling) process was experimentally investigated at 1573 K using a fayalitic nickel converter slag containing spinel and matte/alloy particles. The addition of various amounts of spent potlining (SPL) was studied in terms of its influence on matte settling and the overall metal recoveries. The slags produced were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and wet chemical analysis using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The presence of solid spinel particles in the molten slag hindered coalescence and settling of matte/alloy droplets. Matte settling was effectively promoted with the addition of as little as 2wt% SPL because of the reduction of spinel by the carbonaceous component of the SPL. The reduced viscosity of the molten slag in the presence of SPL also contributed to the accelerated matte settling. Greater metal recoveries were achieved with larger amounts of added SPL. Fast reduction of the molten slag at 1573 K promoted the formation of highly dispersed metal particles/clusters via accelerated nucleation in the molten slag, which increased the overall slag viscosity. This increase in viscosity, when combined with rapid gas evolution from accelerated reduction reactions, led to slag foaming.     

A novel process for the recovery of iron,titanium, and vanadium from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite:sodium modification-direct reduction coupled process

A sodium modification-direct reduction coupled process was proposed for the simultaneous extraction of V and Fe from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite. The sodium oxidation of vanadium oxides to water-soluble sodium vanadate and the transformation of iron oxides to metallic iron were accomplished in a single-step high-temperature process. The increase in roasting temperature favors the reduction of iron oxides but disfavors the oxidation of vanadium oxides. The recoveries of vanadium, iron, and titanium reached 84.52%, 89.37%, and 95.59%, respectively. Moreover, the acid decomposition efficiency of titanium slag reached 96.45%. Compared with traditional processes, the novel process provides several advantages, including a shorter flow, a lower energy consumption, and a higher utilization efficiency of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite resources.     

高钛渣中低价钛分析方法的研究

本文对高钛渣中低价钛的测定方法进行了研究,文中采用FeCl_3—HCl分离除去M_(Fe),Fe_2O_3及部份FeO,残渣以H_2SO_4—HF—H_3PO_4溶解,用硫酸高铁铵氧化低价钛,然后用K_2Cr_2O_7标准溶液滴定生成的Fe~(2+),本方法具有简便、快速、重现性好的优点,适用于日常分析。     

CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-FeO-CaF2-La2O3-Nb2O5-TiO2渣系的活度计算模型

根据熔渣结构的分子离子共存理论,建立了CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-FeO-CaF2-La2O3-Nb2O5-TiO2八元渣系的活度计算模型.利用该活度模型,计算和分析了此渣系中铌、稀土、钛相关组元的活度变化规律.实验结果表明,模型计算结果与实际测量值能较好吻合;在本实验渣系条件下,含铌组元主要为FeO·Nb2O5,含...     

FeO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3渣系中锌及其氯化物的饱和蒸气压测试

利用Knudsen喷射法得到了FeO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3渣系中Zn及其氯化物的蒸气压,并考察了各因素如温度和渣成分的影响.结果表明:在本实验条件下,金属Zn与ZnCl2蒸气压随温度的升高而升高,且ZnCl2蒸气压的对数与温度的倒数之间呈明显的线性关系;渣碱度对金属Zn与ZnCl2的蒸气压呈完全不同的影响趋势,前者随碱度的增加而升高,而后者则降低;渣中FeO含量升高,能够显著提高金属Zn与ZnCl2的蒸气压.     

FeV50合金浇铸沉降理论的应用及其影响因素

采用近似无限大流体重力沉降原理分析了多期法FeV50合金浇铸过程渣金分离及浇铸渣层钒的分布规律,考察了熔渣黏度、沉降粒度、浇铸温度、渣层厚度以及保温制度对渣中钒含量的影响.结果表明,浇铸渣中钒的赋存形式除了未还原完全的钒氧化物之外,还存在部分未完全沉降的初级合金;合金沉降速度随合金粒度的增加而增大,随熔渣黏度的增加而减小.1850℃条件下,当渣层厚度为50 mm,熔渣组分质量分数为65.2%Al2 O3、15.5%CaO、14.6%MgO、1.9%Fe2 O3、0.9%SiO2时,粒径为100μm的合金沉降时间及熔渣上浮时间分别为24.9和1.2 min.基于此,进行浇铸工艺优化试验,在渣层厚度35 mm,浇铸温度1900℃、熔渣主要成分质量分数Al2 O360%~65%、CaO 15%~20%、MgO 9%~15%、浇铸锭模保温层厚度9 cm的条件下,浇铸渣中平均TV质量分数由1.39%降低至0.58%.     

Formation and characterization of metallic iron grains in coal-based reduction of oolitic iron ore

To reveal the formation and characteristics of metallic iron grains in coal-based reduction, oolitic iron ore was isothermally reduced in various reduction times at various reduction temperatures. The microstructure and size of the metallic iron phase were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and a Bgrimm process mineralogy analyzer. In the results, the reduced Fe separates from the ore and forms metallic iron protuberances, and then the subsequent reduced Fe diffuses to the protuberances and grows into metallic iron grains. Most of the metallic iron grains exist in the quasi-spherical shape and inlaid in the slag matrix. The cumulative frequency of metallic iron grain size is markedly influenced by both reduction time and temperature. With increasing reduction temperature and time, the grain size of metallic iron obviously increases. According to the classical grain growth equation, the growth kinetic parameters, i.e., time exponent, growth activation energy, and pre-exponential constant, are estimated to be 1.3759 ±0.0374, 103.18 kJ·mol-1, and 922.05, respectively. Using these calculated parameters, a growth model is established to describe the growth behavior of metallic iron grains.     

钛精粉氧化过程中物相转变

采用热重分析和恒温实验法研究了攀枝花钛精粉氧化过程中相的存在形式及其转变规律.X射线衍射结果和微观形貌分析表明:温度低于500℃,钛精粉未发生氧化反应;600℃时产生Fe2Ti3O9和TiO2相,其和原相Fe2O3相衍射峰强度均随温度的升高而增强;900℃时,Fe2Ti3O9相完全转变为Fe2TiO5相,且随温度的升高,TiO2相和Fe2O3相衍射峰强度逐渐减弱;在整个氧化过程中存在四个化学反应,其与烧结作用相互关联,使得氧化产物表面形成较多孔隙,变得凹凸不平且疏松.     

A method for recovery of iron,titanium, and vanadium from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite

An innovative method for recovering valuable elements from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite is proposed. This method involves two procedures:low-temperature roasting of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite and water leaching of roasting slag. During the roasting process, the reduction of iron oxides to metallic iron, the sodium oxidation of vanadium oxides to water-soluble sodium vanadate, and the smelting separation of metallic iron and slag were accomplished simultaneously. Optimal roasting conditions for iron/slag separation were achieved with a mixture thickness of 42.5 mm, a roasting temperature of 1200℃, a residence time of 2 h, a molar ratio of C/O of 1.7, and a sodium carbonate addition of 70wt%, as well as with the use of anthracite as a reductant. Under the optimal conditions, 93.67% iron from the raw ore was recovered in the form of iron nugget with 95.44% iron grade. After a water leaching process, 85.61% of the vanadium from the roasting slag was leached, confirming the sodium oxidation of most of the vanadium oxides to water-soluble sodium vanadate during the roasting process. The total recoveries of iron, vanadium, and titanium were 93.67%, 72.68%, and 99.72%, respectively.