变形速率对2205双相不锈钢形变诱导相变的影响

通过单道次压缩热模拟试验,研究了2205双相不锈钢在热变形过程中组织组成相奥氏体相(γ)和铁素体相(δ)所占比例的变化情况.分析得到:2205双相不锈钢在热变形过程中存在奥氏体相和铁素体相之间的相互转变,且热变形过程中发生的两相之间的相互转变也是2205双相不锈钢热变形过程中的一种动态软化机制.变形速率对2205双相不锈钢热变形过程中发生的相转变的影响规律为:变形速率很小时,δ→γ的转变占较大比重;随着变形速率的升高,γ→δ所占比例增加.     

形变诱导析出在SAF2205超塑组织细化中的作用

运用变形能、相变温度、原始晶粒尺寸与金属组织细化之间的关系,提出了控制σ相析出的新方法.在此基础上,用分段恒温拉伸的方法,对sAF2205钢恒温热拉伸后的性能和微观组织进行了实验研究.研究结果表明:采用变温的恒温热拉伸方法,通过快速冷却,使σ相的析出发生在变形过程中,细小、弥散分布的σ相可以抑制晶粒的长大;为了保证σ相的形变诱导析出,实现双相不锈钢的低温超塑性变形,需要采用较快的冷却速度.     

Cr32Ni7Mo3N特级双相不锈钢的空蚀行为

利用磁致伸缩空蚀试验机对Cr32Ni7Mo3N特级双相不锈钢在蒸馏水和人工海水中进行了空蚀实验,并采用扫描电镜跟踪观察了经不同时间段空蚀后试样的形貌.通过测量失重绘制了材料的累积失重量和失重率曲线.经电化学工作站测量了材料在静态与空蚀条件下的极化曲线和腐蚀电位变化.对比分析了Cr32Ni7Mo3N与SAF2205双相不锈钢在人工海水的抗空蚀能力.结果表明:Cr32Ni7Mo3N特级双相不锈钢空蚀破坏首先在铁素体薄弱区以及铁素体和奥氏体相界发生,并向铁素体内扩展,铁素体发生解离断裂脱落;奥氏体随着空蚀的进行,滑移线增多,显微硬度值增加,且人工海水中奥氏体显微硬度值比在蒸馏水中的高;铁素体大面积破坏后,奥氏体才失稳产生延性断裂脱落,奥氏体的存在延缓了破坏在整个材料表面上的扩展.空蚀与腐蚀交互影响导致材料在人工海水中加速破坏.Cr32Ni7Mo3N特级双相不锈钢在人工海水中的抗空蚀能力优于SAF2205双相不锈钢.     

双相不锈钢热变形行为研究

采用高温压缩实验方法研究了两种不同氮含量双相不锈钢00Cr22Ni5Mo3N和00Cr22Ni1Mo0.7N在1 000~1 200℃温度范围内、应变速率为0.01~30 s-1条件下的热变形行为.根据实验数据构建了两种双相不锈钢的热变形方程,两种双相不锈钢的形变激活能分别为534 kJ/mol和482 kJ/mol.通过对微观组织的观察和分析,确定了较高温度且较低应变速率区域为优化的热加工区域.在该优化的热加工区域进行变形时,奥氏体和铁素体发生充分的动态再结晶和动态回复;而在较低温度、较高应变速率区域进行变形时,微观组织呈现强烈的局部流变,甚至可以观察到裂纹.     

2205双相不锈钢中σ相的析出规律

2205双相不锈钢经过1300℃固溶处理和不同程度的冷轧变形后,在不同温度下保温不同时间后水冷.利用金相显微镜和透射电镜观察试样的组织,用 Image Tool 软件分析组织中σ相的含量,研究2205双相不锈钢中σ相的析出规律.在950℃保温,当冷轧变形量从50%增大到85%时,σ相析出时间从30 min 缩短为3 min.冷轧变形量为85%的试样,在950℃保温,当保温时间从3 min 延长至30 min 时,σ相的体积分数从1.2%增大到11.8% .在 875~950℃保温5 min 后,当温度从875升高至950℃时,σ相的体积分数从8.9%降低至3.6%;在975℃保温5 min 后,组织中不存在 σ相.     

固溶温度对Ag2205双相不锈钢组织与性能的影响

通过添加Cu–Ag合金颗粒制备Ag2205双相不锈钢,并分别在1 050,1 075,1 100,1 125和1 150℃对其进行固溶处理;利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、拉伸试验、电化学工作站及覆膜法等研究固溶温度对Ag2205双相不锈钢组织、力学性能、耐蚀性能及抗菌性能的影响,并与母材2205及Cu2205不锈钢的实验结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明:随着固溶温度的升高,Ag2205材料内γ相体积分数逐渐降低且γ相先变粗后细化,而α相体积分数逐渐提高;此外,微米级的含Ag相主要分布于α基体及α/γ相界处,升高固溶温度会促进Ag相溶解;随着固溶温度的升高,含Ag材料洛氏硬度和抗拉强度均先降低后升高,但伸长率持续增大,当固溶温度为1150℃时,Ag2205综合力学性能最佳且优于母材与含Cu2205材料的力学性能;Ag的加入会降低2205材料的耐蚀性,但提高固溶温度可改善其耐蚀性能,且在1125℃固溶后,其耐蚀性已优于母材耐蚀性;3种材料中,Cu2205材料的耐蚀性最好;当固溶温度大于等于1 075℃时含Ag材料具有优异的抗菌性能,Cu2205材料及母材则不具备抗菌效果。     

不同充气条件下2205双相不锈钢在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为

采用动电位极化、电化学阻抗、循环伏安法和扫描电子显微镜,研究了不同充气条件对2205双相不锈钢在NaCl溶液中腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明:充气对2205双相不锈钢在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为产生了明显的影响,其中充N_2和O_2降低了2205双相不锈钢在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀电流密度,充CO_2使腐蚀电流密度增大,三种气体都对2205双相不锈钢在NaCl溶液中的点蚀具有抑制作用;随温度升高和NaCl溶液浓度的增加,2205双相不锈钢在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀加剧,点蚀电位降低;2205双相不锈钢在NaCl溶液中的临界点蚀温度在40℃~45℃之间。     

节镍无磁不锈钢Cr18Ni6Mn3N的组织及性能

研究了节镍无磁不锈钢Cr18Ni6Mn3N的热轧及固溶后的力学性能和耐蚀性能,分析了其固溶和时效析出后的组织演变规律、冷变形过程中形变诱发马氏体相变及其磁性能.结果表明:该不锈钢的固溶组织为单相奥氏体,其力学性能和耐蚀性能均高于SUS304不锈钢;800℃保温4 h后,在晶界析出粒状氮化物,随着保温时间延长,逐渐沿晶界凸起片层状析出物并向晶内生长,保温20 h后,凸出的片层状析出物直径达20μm.冷轧压下率18.3%时尚未发现形变诱发马氏体组织,随着变形量增大,马氏体含量增多,磁导率上升,但与相同条件下的SUS304不锈钢相比,冷轧板固溶后相对磁导率可降至1.002,因此可用于低成本无磁不锈钢领域.     

Cr21节约型双相不锈钢的高温塑性

通过高温拉伸和高温压缩试验研究了两种Cr21节约型双相不锈钢在950～1150℃温度范围内的高温塑性,结果表明两种材料的高温塑性差异很大.通过温度、应变速率、相比例和显微组织4个方面的分析发现,适当增加稳定铁素体相元素和升高变形温度有利于提高Cr21节约型双相不锈钢的高温塑性.在较低温度较高应变速率热变形时,裂纹容易在被拉长的奥氏体和铁素体相界处形核并沿着相界在铁素体内进行扩展.     

CSP生产Ti微合金化高强钢中纳米碳化物

采用光学金相、电子显微术和化学相分析的方法并结合热力学计算,分析了紧凑式带钢生产(CSP)的Ti微合金化高强钢中的析出物及其析出规律.研究发现:高强钢中存在微米尺寸的立方TiN析出和大量纳米尺寸的析出物粒子;钢中MX相(M=Ti,Mo,Cr;X=C,N)的质量分数为0.0927%,其中10 nm以下的析出物占26.9%;均热之前和均热过程TiN已基本全部析出,连轧前TiC不具备析出的热力学条件;降低钢中N和S含量、严格控制卷取温度可增加TiC的体积分数,降低γ→α相变温度可以阻止细小碳化物长大.结果表明,析出物总的沉淀强化效果约为156 MPa,并能通过化学成分和工艺的控制进一步增强.     

Mechanism of hot-rolling crack formation in lean duplex stainless steel 2101

The thermoplasticity of duplex stainless steel 2205 (DSS2205) is better than that of lean duplex steel 2101 (LDX2101), which undergoes severe cracking during hot rolling. The microstructure, microhardness, phase ratio, and recrystallization dependence of the deformation compatibility of LDX2101 and DSS2205 were investigated using optical microscopy (OM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), Thermo-Calc software, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the phase-ratio transformations of LDX2101 and DSS2205 were almost equal under the condition of increasing solution temperature. Thus, the phase transformation was not the main cause for the hot plasticity difference of these two steels. The grain size of LDX2101 was substantially greater than that of DSS2205, and the microhardness difference of LDX2101 was larger than that of DSS2205. This difference hinders the transfer of strain from ferrite to austenite. In the rolling process, the ferrite grains of LDX2101 underwent continuous softening and were substantially refined. However, although little recrystallization occurred at the boundaries of austenite, serious deformation accumulated in the interior of austenite, leading to a substantial increase in hardness. The main cause of crack formation is the microhardness difference between ferrite and austenite.     

时效处理对2205 DSS组织及力学性能的影响

首先对2205 DSS进行了1 100℃固溶处理,随后将试样分别在650,700,750,800,850和900℃下进行不同时间的时效处理,探究2205 DSS中σ相的析出规律及其对材料组织和力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:2205 DSS中σ相的析出分为有碳化物伴随和无碳化物伴随两种方式,前者发生在α-γ相界上,后者则主要发生在α相的晶内和晶界;2205 DSS在850℃时效时σ相的析出行为最严重;在析出σ相后,合金元素Cr和Mo在各相中会发生不同程度的偏聚;2205 DSS中析出少量的σ相对材料的塑性影响不大,但会显著降低材料的冲击韧性,而σ相的大量析出则会使两者均发生严重恶化;σ相的析出对材料的屈服强度影响不大,对材料的抗拉强度有略微的提高作用.     

Effects of chitosan inhibitor on the electrochemical corrosion behavior of 2205 duplex stainless steel

The effects of chitosan inhibitor on the corrosion behavior of 2205 duplex stainless steel were studied by electrochemical measurements, immersion tests, and stereology microscopy. The influences of immersion time, temperature, and chitosan concentration on the corrosion inhibition performance of chitosan were investigated. The optimum parameters of water-soluble chitosan on the corrosion inhibition performance of 2205 duplex stainless steel were also determined. The water-soluble chitosan showed excellent corrosion inhibition performance on the 2205 duplex stainless steel. Polarization curves demonstrated that chitosan acted as a mixed-type inhibitor. When the stainless steel specimen was immersed in the 0.2 g/L chitosan solution for 4 h, a dense and uniform adsorption film covered the sample surface and the inhibition efficiency (IE) reached its maximum value. Moreover, temperature was found to strongly influence the corrosion inhibition of chitosan; the inhibition efficiency gradually decreased with increasing temperature. The 2205 duplex stainless steel specimen immersed in 0.4 g/L water-soluble chitosan at 30℃ displayed the best corrosion inhibition among the investigated specimens. Moreover, chitosan decreased the corrosion rate of the 2205 duplex stainless steel in an FeCl₃ solution.     

2205双相不锈钢中σ相的析出行为

对固溶处理后的双相不锈钢2205进行了不同温度下(750~950℃)的等温时效处理,利用OM观测不同时效条件下析出相的形貌特征,重点观测了800℃下σ相的析出过程,并通过EDS,XRD,TEM和电子探针等检测手段对800℃,240min时效处理后试样的内部组织进行了研究,揭示了σ相的析出特征及机理.结果表明:σ相是一种Fe-Cr-Mo金属间化合物,属于四方结构;时效过程中,σ相通过δ铁素体→γ2+σ反应生成,合金元素Mo的扩散是其形成的主要影响因素;保温240min后,时效温度为800℃时σ相析出量最大,相同时间条件下时效温度为950℃时,σ相析出量明显降低.     

硫化氢环境下两种不锈钢的应力腐蚀开裂行为

用U形弯试样浸泡和慢应变速率拉伸实验研究了3Cr17Ni7Mo2SiN和00Cr22Ni5Mo3N(2205)不锈钢在硫化氢介质中的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为.2205不锈钢的SCC萌生孕育期较长,在pH较低的饱和H2S溶液中具有明显的SCC敏感性,其SCC敏感性随溶液pH值的升高或H2S含量的降低而迅速降低.3Cr17Ni7Mo2SiN的SCC孕育期均低于2205不锈钢,在pH≤4.5、H2S的质量浓度≥103mg·L-1的H2S介质中均具有明显的SCC敏感性,其SCC敏感性受pH值和H2S含量变化影响较小.3Cr17Ni7Mo2SiN的SCC以沿晶裂纹萌生,扩展后转变为穿晶应力腐蚀开裂;2205不锈钢近表面处首先发生奥氏体-铁素体相间氢致开裂,并促进SCC萌生,其SCC为穿晶应力腐蚀开裂.     

Effect of superplastic deformation on precipitation behavior of sigma phase in 3207 duplex stainless steel

Owing to excellent strength, toughness and corrosion resistance, duplex stainless steels(DSS) are widely used in constructional and petrochemical applications. Sigma phase, which has detrimental impact on the properties, is readily precipitated during hot working of DSS. However, precipitation behavior of sigma phase during superplastic deformation, which is the most significant processing method of DSS, is still unclear. In the current study,the effect of superplastic deformation on the precipitation behavior of sigma phase was investigated in 3207 duplex stainless steel. The result shows that superplastic deformation could prevent sigma phase precipitation generally by increasing mobility of grain boundaries and decreasing misorientation of the sigma phase boundaries, resulting in some sigma phase precipitated on the twin boundaries. Most of the sigma phase precipitated on ferrite-austenite interface with misorientation of 20–25°, while it precipitated in ferrite or austenite with the misorientation of 40°–45°. The orientation relationship between sigma phase and matrix matched well in austenite and on the ferrite/austenite interfaces, while it showed a small misfit in ferrite. The prevention effect of the superplastic deformation on the sigma phase precipitation was beneficial to quasi stable deformation stage,resulting in longer elongation.     

00Cr25Ni2Mo3Mn10N高氮超级双相不锈钢的组织和性能

一种新型的资源节约型高氮超级双相不锈钢00Cr25Ni2Mo3Mn10N开发出来,氮质量分数达到0.5％.研究表明,经热锻和1 050 ℃固溶处理后,基体组织由铁素体和奥氏体组成,铁素体质量分数约为47％,氮质量分数的增加能明显提高材料的机械性能和腐蚀性能.通过对比研究表明,00Cr25Ni2Mo3Mn10N的综合性能相当于或优于00Cr25Ni7Mo4N 超级双相不锈钢.     

SAF 2205双相不锈钢织构与冲压特性

研究SAF 2205双相不锈钢冷轧退火板的冲压特性以及冷轧和退火织构对其冲压性能的影响.实验钢冷轧退火板表现出较差的深冲性能和明显的45°制耳,其r平均值和Δr值分别为0.7和-0.27,这主要与其在冷轧及退火后形成的织构有关. ODF图显示,退火后SAF 2205双相不锈钢中铁素体相未形成γ纤维再结晶织构,仍然为分散的α纤维织构.实验钢中铁素体相的织构强度明显高于奥氏体相,其对钢板成形性的影响更显著,即其各种〈110〉退火织构组分均不利于实验钢r平均值的提高,并且使得Δr<0.此外,奥氏体相的{110}〈001〉织构也对钢板成形性能产生一定程度的影响.