含砷/铜砷 C-- Mn 钢的高温氧化行为

利用热重分析仪、扫描电镜和电子探针研究了含 As 或者 Cu + As 的 C- Mn 钢的高温氧化特性.1050℃氧化初期约500 s 内,As 钢和 Cu- As 钢为线性氧化阶段,随后转为抛物线氧化,两种钢的抛物线氧化速率均高于 C- Mn 钢.因氧化层分离,1150℃氧化增重小于1050℃氧化增重.钢中 Cu 和 As 的存在促进了固相 Fe2 SiO4层的生长.由于 As 在氧化层/基体界面的富集,1050℃氧化时,As 钢中存在明显的条带状内部氧化粒子层；C- Mn 钢中加入 Cu 和 As 后,其氧化层/基体界面变得崎岖不平,内部氧化粒子的数量随着氧化时间及氧化温度的增加而增加.1050℃氧化时氧化层/基体界面处 Cu 和 As 的富集程度高于1150℃氧化.     

高炉铁水降硅的实验研究

从理论上分析了降低铁水中硅含量的三个途径:控制硅源;降低滴落带的高度;增加炉缸渣中的氧化性.在实验室进行了降低铁水中硅含量的实验,得到了铁水中硅含量的影响因素:提高二元碱度有利于降硅;增加渣中氧化物可降低SiO2的活度有利于降硅;Al2O3和SiO2不利于降硅;冶炼时焦炭中SiO2的挥发量随温度的升高而增多,使铁水中硅含量增加;随着滴落带高度的增加,铁水中硅含量不断增加.根据实验室研究针对唐山建龙公司高炉特点提出降低铁水中硅含量的措施,降硅效果明显,铁水中硅的质量分数由原来的0.55%左右降到了0.40%左右.     

CaF2--SiO2型硅传感器辅助电极的制备及其定硅性能

以CaF2+SiO2作为硅传感器辅助电极材料,将其均匀涂覆于ZrO2( MgO)固体电解质表面,在高纯Ar气保护下,1400℃焙烧30 min制备得到定硅传感器.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜以及能量色散谱仪系统研究了制备条件对于焙烧后形成的辅助电极膜层组成、物相和微观形貌的影响.膜层中不存在CaF2,而是以SiO2固体颗粒、CaO·MgO·2SiO2固溶体及ZrSiO4为主.另外,探讨了辅助电极膜层中物相的变化对于膜层黏结性以及定硅性能的影响.在1450℃下对铁液中硅含量进行测试,传感器响应时间在10 s左右,稳定时间在20 s以上,而且传感器的重复性也很理想.当铁液中硅质量分数在0.5%~1.5%时,硅传感器测量值与化学分析法分析值相吻合.     

真空碳热还原过程中二氧化硅的挥发行为

为了解在真空碳热还原过程中SiO2的还原特性以及还原过程中的主要影响因素,对二氧化硅的还原过程进行热力学分析,得出化学反应自由能和临界温度。在系统压力为2~200 Pa条件下,以分析纯SiO2和Fe2O3为原料,采用XRD,SEM,EDS和化学成分分析等手段,研究Fe/Si摩尔比、配碳量、反应时间、还原剂粒度和升温速率对硅的挥发率和还原反应速率的影响。实验结果表明:在100 Pa条件下,SiO2的临界反应温度为1 330~1 427 K。SiO2发生气化反应生成的SiO气体挥发至石墨冷凝系统歧化生成Si和SiO2,造成硅的损失,且有部分SiO气体和石墨反应生成SiC;增大Fe/Si摩尔比和配碳量以及减小还原剂粒度均降低了硅的挥发率,提高了SiO2还原反应速率;延长反应时间和提高升温速率增加了硅的挥发率。     

钢坯高压水除鳞后的表面氧化铁皮形貌及内部组织演变

在不同温度和时间条件下对钢坯进行加热,出炉后利用高压水去除钢坯表面氧化铁皮,然后利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察钢坯表面形貌及内部组织,利用XRD分析除鳞后钢坯表面氧化物相组成。结果表明,除鳞后的钢坯表面残留一层氧化铁皮,该层氧化物相组成取决于加热温度和保温时间。低温短时加热时,残留氧化铁皮相组成中含有单质Fe;提高加热温度和延长保温时间使钢基体表面被完全氧化成Fe3O4和Fe2O3。钢坯在炉中长时间高温加热使残留氧化铁皮晶粒粗大,钢坯基体内部出现过热、晶界氧化以及脱碳等问题,加热温度越高、加热时间越长,氧化烧损越严重。     

高铝硅氰化渣中铁回收工艺

研究一种处理磁选前高铝硅氰化渣的新工艺。采用复合添加剂焙烧-水浸-磁选工艺对一种铁品位为27.69%(质量分数),SiO2含量为23.9%,Al2O3含量为6.35%的高铝硅氰化渣进行杂质与铁分离的研究。研究结果表明:在最佳焙烧条件下,当水浸温度为60℃,液固比为15:1,水浸时间为5 min,转速为20 r/min,在激磁电流为2 A时,可获得铁品位57.11%,铁的回收率为72.58%的铁精矿。铁的品位和回收率都比单纯的复合添加剂还原焙烧-磁选法所获得的铁精矿的指标高,铁的品位提高了10%左右,回收率提高了30%左右。X线荧光(XRF),X线衍射(XRD)及能谱(EDS)分析研究结果表明:经水浸后,复合添加剂焙烧过程中所产生的可溶性复杂杂质化合物被洗除,不溶性物质经磁选后随之进入非磁性物,实现铁与杂质矿物之间的有效分离。     

纳米SiC对C/C复合材料石墨化与抗氧化性能的影响规律

本文制备纳米SiC基体改性的SiC-C/C复合材料,利用X射线衍射技术、高分辨率透射电镜等研究SiC对碳材料的石墨化度的影响.纳米SiC能够显著促进碳基体材料的石墨化度,同时通过高分辨率透射电镜在纳米SiC颗粒周围观测到明显的石墨化结构,并且距离SiC越近,碳基体的石墨化程度越高.通过静态氧化实验研究SiC-C/C复合材料的抗氧化性能.结果表明,随着SiC加入量的增加复合材料的抗氧化性显著提高,纳米SiC在高温下生成较为均匀的SiO2保护层,覆盖在碳材料的表面,阻碍氧气与碳材料的接触,并且SiC含量越高,形成的保护层越厚,抗氧化能力越强.     

TiO2对含铬高钛熔分渣熔化性能和黏度的影响

A study on the melting and viscosity properties of the chromium-containing high-titanium melting slag (CaO–SiO₂–MgO–Al₂O₃–TiO₂–Cr₂O₃) with TiO₂ contents ranging from 38.63wt% to 42.63wt% was conducted. The melting properties were investigated with a melting-point apparatus, and viscosity was measured using the rotating cylinder method. The FactSage 7.1 software and X-ray diffraction, in combination with scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), were used to characterize the phase equilibrium and microstructure of chromium-containing high-titanium melting slags. The results indicated that an increase in the TiO₂ content led to a decrease in the viscosity of the chromium-containing high-titanium melting slag. In addition, the softening temperature, hemispheric temperature, and flowing temperature decreased with increasing TiO₂ content. The amount of crystallized anosovite and sphene phases gradually increased with increasing TiO₂ content, whereas the amount of perovskite phase decreased. SEM observations revealed that the distribution of the anosovite phase was dominantly influenced by TiO₂.     

低阻硅TSV高温工艺中的热力学分析

针对低阻硅TSV热力学研究的空白做出了相应的仿真分析.首先介绍了低阻硅TSV转接层的加工工艺,接着基于实验尺寸,在350℃工艺温度下,模拟了低阻硅TSV的涨出高度及应力分布.不同于铜基TSV,低阻硅TSV的涨出区域主要集中在聚合物绝缘层的上方.为了减小低阻硅TSV的涨出高度及热应力,分别对工艺温度、表面SiO₂厚度、低阻硅TSV的直径、高度、间距和BCB绝缘层厚度进行了变参分析.结果表明,减小BCB绝缘层的厚度及高度以及增加表面SiO₂厚度是抑制低阻硅TSV膨胀高度及减小热应力的有效方法.      

Microwave absorption properties of SiC@SiO2@Fe3O4 hybrids in the 2–18 GHz range

To enhance the microwave absorption performance of silicon carbide nanowires (SiCNWs), SiO2 nanoshells with a thickness of approximately 2 nm and Fe3O4 nanoparticles were grown on the surface of SiCNWs to form SiC@SiO2@Fe3O4 hybrids. The microwave absorption performance of the SiC@SiO2@Fe3O4 hybrids with different thicknesses was investigated in the frequency range from 2 to 18 GHz using a free-space antenna-based system. The results indicate that SiC@SiO2@Fe3O4 hybrids exhibit improved microwave absorption. In particular, in the case of an SiC@SiO2 to iron(III) acetylacetonate mass ratio of 1:3,themicrowave absorption with an absorber of 2-mm thickness exhibited a minimum reflection loss of?39.58 dB at 12.24 GHz. With respect to the enhanced microwave absorption mechanism, the Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated on SiC@SiO2 nanowires are proposed to balance the permeability and permittivity of the materials, contributing to the microwave attenuation.     

Effects of oxygen content on the oxidation process of Si-containing steel during anisothermal heating

The oxidizing behavior of Si-containing steel was investigated in an O₂ and N₂ binary-component gas with oxygen contents ranging between 0.5vol% and 4.0vol% under anisothermal-oxidation conditions. A simultaneous thermal analyzer was employed to simulate the heating process of Si-containing steel in industrial reheating furnaces. The oxidation gas mixtures were introduced from the commencement of heating. The results show that the oxidizing rate remains constant in the isothermal holding process at high temperatures; therefore, the mass change versus time presents a linear law. A linear relation also exists between the oxidizing rate and the oxygen content. Using the linear regression equation, the oxidation rate at different oxygen contents can be predicted. In addition, the relationship between the total mass gain and the oxygen content is linear; thus, the total mass gain at oxygen contents between 0.5vol%-4.0vol% can be determined. These results enrich the theoretical studies of the oxidation process in Si-containing steels.     

Preparation of ferronickel from nickel laterite via coal-based reduction followed by magnetic separation

The sticking phenomenon between molten slag and refractory is one of the crucial problems when preparing ferronickel from laterite ore using rotary hearth furnace or rotary kiln processes. This study aims to ameliorate sticking problems by using silicon dioxide (SiO₂) to adjust the melting degree of the briquette during reduction roasting. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that the melting temperature of the slag gradually increases with an increase in the SiO₂ proportion (SiO₂/(SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ + MgO) mass ratio). Experimental validations also prove that the briquette retains its original shape when the SiO₂ proportion is greater than 75wt%, and sticking problems are avoided during reduction. A ferronickel product with 8.33wt% Ni and 84.71wt% Fe was prepared via reductive roasting at 1500℃ for 90 min with a SiO₂ proportion of 75wt% and a C/O molar ratio of 1.0 followed by dry magnetic separation; the corresponding recoveries of Ni and Fe reached 75.70% and 77.97%, respectively. The microstructure and phase transformation of reduced briquette reveals that the aggregation and growth of ferronickel particles were not significantly affected after adding SiO₂ to the reduction process.     

Utilization of gold-bearing and iron-rich pyrite cinder via a chlorination-volatilization process

The chlorination-volatilization process has been adopted to make full use of gold-bearing and iron-rich pyrite cinder. However, problems of low recovery rate, pulverization of pellets, and ring formation have been encountered during the industrialization of this process. The effects of various parameters on the volatilization rates of valuable metals and on the compressive strength of roasted pellets were investigated in this paper. The parameters include the CaCl₂ dosage, heating temperature, and holding time. The results show that heating temperature is the most important parameter for the recovery of target metals. More CaCl₂ was needed for the recovery of zinc than for the recovery of gold, silver, and lead. CaCl₂ started to react with sulfides/SO₂/SiO₂ at temperatures below the melting point of CaCl₂ to generate Cl₂/HCl. Gaseous CaCl₂ was formed at higher temperatures and could react with any of the components. The compressive strength of roasted CaCl₂-bearing pellets first decreased slowly with increasing temperature at temperatures lower than 873 K, which could result in the pulverization of pellets during heating. Their compressive strength increased dramatically with increasing temperature at temperatures greater than 1273 K. Certain quantities of CaCl₂ and Fe(Ⅱ) could improve the compressive strength of the roasted pellets; however, the addition of excessive CaCl₂ decreased the compressive strength of pellets.     

金属硅的酸洗和氧化提纯

为了降低金属硅酸洗的后续工艺难度,在成熟的常温酸洗技术的基础上加上湿氧氧化新技术对金属硅进行提纯.酸洗主要作用是去除大部分裸露在金属硅颗粒表面的金属杂质;而湿氧氧化后,使颗粒内部分凝系数(在硅和二氧化硅系统中的分凝系数)较小的硼在高温下扩散进入二氧化硅中,再腐蚀去除氧化层和其中的杂质.实验表明该方法对硼杂质有明显的提纯作用,提纯后,硼杂质的含量最低为4×10-6.两种技术在工艺上兼容,在提纯目标上互补,是非常有效的低能耗和低成本的提纯方法.     

硅铁在铁液中的熔解动力学研究

采用圆柱形硅铁试样,通过连续测量其浸入不同温度铁液后的体积和温度变化,对硅铁在铁液中的熔解动力学进行了研究。结果表明：硅铁浸入铁液至完全熔解分为两个时间,即铁壳壳期和熔解期;硅铁在高温铁液与低温铁液中的熔解机制不同,当铁液温度高于１３３０℃时,硅铁的熔解主要为熔化机制。     

日本用电磁感应加热炉加热板坯生产高磁感取向硅钢

阐述了日本采用电磁感应加热炉对板坯加热生产高磁感的机理:电磁感应加热炉加热时脱碳量控制;加热炉温度控制;连续热轧设备系统的联接与功能;热轧因素控制。     

反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷内筒的损毁机制

以X射线衍射仪、扫描隧道电子显微镜、能量散射光谱仪等手段对在悬浮预热器内筒上使用前后的反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷进行分析,研究该陶瓷应用于悬浮预热器上的损毁机制。碳化硅陶瓷中残存金属硅和表面的碳化硅在高温使用工况下首先氧化成SiO2,SiO2在K2 O( g)、Na2 O( g)、KCl( g)、NaCl( g)等蒸气以及氯化物作用下黏度降低,形成覆盖于陶瓷表面的氧化层,继而被高速的气固流体冲蚀和磨损掉,并导致新的界面出现。如此循环,使碳化硅陶瓷的外侧逐渐变薄和断裂,直至损毁。提高陶瓷的致密性和降低残余硅含量是改进反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷在悬浮预热器中使用性能的有效途径。     

工业硅中杂质相的微观结构及分布规律研究

工业硅中杂质相成分及比例直接影响有机硅单体合成的活性与选择性. 因此,研究杂质相与杂质含量的对应关系尤为重要. 本文通过扫描电镜（SEM）和能量色散X射线光谱仪（EDX）对精炼前和精炼后工业硅中夹杂物微观结构及赋存状态进行了研究. 由于精炼前工业硅的Ca和Al含量较高,其杂质相主要以Si2Al2Ca、Si-Al-Ca和Si8Al6Fe4Ca等为主;而精炼后Fe为主要元素,故其析出相主要包括FeSi2(Al)、FeSi2Ti和Si8Al6Fe4Ca等. 此外,本文通过Image Pro Plus进行统计,得到精炼前硅中Si2Al2Ca和Si8Al6Fe4Ca相分别占夹杂物成分的48%和30%,而精炼后硅中FeSi2(Al)相占比68%,唯一含Ca相（Si8Al6Fe4Ca）仅占夹杂物含量的7%. 本文将精炼前和精炼后的工业硅中杂质相成分及比例进行比较,意为寻找硅中杂质含量对杂质相的影响规律,以制备最佳的下游有机硅用工业硅原料.     

SiO2对烧结矿冶金性能及微观结构的影响

为给高铁低硅烧结矿的生产提供理论依据,设计烧结矿碱度R为1．8、1．9和2．0,每种碱度下以SiO2含量为变量,产生12组配矿方案进行烧结杯实验,研究SiO2对烧结矿冶金性能及微观结构的影响.结果表明：SiO2质量分数从4．8%~5．7%增加时,其冷态强度逐渐增加,最大增幅为8%;烧结矿还原性逐渐降低,降幅区间为从86．80%到81．01%;还原粉化指数RDI+3．15逐渐增大,增幅区间为从75．95%到87．21%;对于软熔性能,其软化开始温度T10在4．8%~5．4%的SiO2含量区间先升高,在5．4%~5．7%之间又降低,而软化区间有变宽的趋势.选定一个碱度水平R=2．0,烧结矿SiO2质量分数在4．8%~5．7%范围变化时,其微观结构由熔蚀状向针柱状发展,结构均匀性逐渐提高,主要矿物组成由赤铁矿向铁酸钙发展,且低温还原粉化的骸晶状赤铁矿逐渐消失.     

Effects of SiO2 on the preparation and metallurgical properties of acid oxidized pellets

The effects of SiO₂ content on the preparation process and metallurgical properties of acid oxidized pellets, including compressive strength, reduction, and softening–melting behaviors, were systematically investigated.Mineralogical structures, elemental distribution, and pore size distribution were varied to analyze the mechanism of the effects.The results show that with an increase in SiO₂ content from 3.51 wt%to 7.18 wt%, compressive strength decreases from 3150 N/pellet to 2100 N/pellet and reducibility decreases from 76.5% to 71.4%.The microstructure showed that pellets with high SiO₂ content contained more magnetite in the mineralogical structures.Additionally, some liquid phases appeared, which hindered the continuous crystallization of hematite.Also, the softening–melting properties of the pellets clearly deteriorated as the SiO₂ content increased.With increasing SiO₂ content, the temperature range of the softening–melting zone decreased, and the maximum differential pressure and the comprehensive permeability index increased significantly.When acid oxidized pellets are used as the raw materials for blast furnace smelting, it should be combined with high basicity sinters to improve the softening–melting behaviors of the comprehensive charge.