黄药在毒砂和黄铁矿表面吸附的研究

研究了毒砂和黄铁矿表面吸附黄药的过程。结果表明,黄药在毒砂和黄铁矿表面起初化学吸附于表面活性点(金属离子)上,而后迅速转化成双黄药。双黄药具有较高的吸附强度,和矿物表面有键合作用,但对于黄铁矿和毒砂来说,键合状态有差别。仅黄药的吸附量约大于一个单分子层后,双黄药才以物理吸附形式存在。     

表面活性剂在非织造布表面的吸附

选用不同类型表面活性剂水溶液对涤纶、丙纶非织造布进行了处理,发现表面活性剂在非织造布表面的吸附主要是在纤维交叉处,且以垂直纤维表面定向排列的形式吸附.从毛细管上升法求得的阳、阴、非离子型表面活性剂的吸附等温线各不相同.1227的吸附等温线出现最大值;LAS和OII-10的吸附等温线分别近似于Brunauer的第五种和第四种类型吸附等温线.吸附需经历一段时间才能达到平衡.对于同种吸附质和吸附剂,达到吸附平衡所需的时间是恒定的,与起始浓度无关.经离子型表面活性剂溶液处理的非织造布表面比电阻比吸附前显著降低,这也证明了表面活性剂确实在其表面发生了吸附并改变了它的表面性质.     

高炉煤气中HCl生成的热力学研究

高炉煤气中HCl气体的生成机理并非简单的高温下NaCl与水的反应,而是复杂的多项反应.高炉煤气中HCl气体的生成途径可能有两种:一是NaCl、H2O与P2O5反应生成HCl气体;二是NaCl、H2O与SO2和NO2反应生成HCl气体.根据高炉煤气中HCl生成的热力学计算表明,HCl气体在高炉中上部生成,生成温度集中在300 ～ 800℃和1400～ 1600℃.     

水分对不同煤种吸附甲烷特性影响及机理分析

为测定含水率对煤吸附甲烷特性的影响,采用朱仙庄矿的焦煤、赵庄矿的贫煤与阳煤五矿的无烟煤作为研究对象,依据高压容量法对不同变质程度煤进行甲烷吸附研究.分析了煤吸附甲烷特性及a,b值的变化规律,推算出三种煤样的水分影响系数.结果表明:焦煤、贫煤与无烟煤对甲烷的吸附量都会随煤样含水率的升高而减小,且在低含水率阶段,煤对甲烷的吸附速率变化较快,高含水率阶段,变化较缓;煤样含水率对煤的吸附常数a的影响较小,呈一次函数下降,对煤的吸附常数b影响明显,呈指数函数下降;煤样水分含量与水分校正系数的影响程度A,会随着煤变质程度的增大而减小.     

蛋白质在固体表面上的吸附

综述了蛋白质在固体表面上吸附行为的研究进展.简要介绍了环境学、生物学、医学以及生物工程技术等不同领域中蛋白质的吸附行为及其意义;讨论了影响蛋白质吸附量的条件、吸附态蛋白质的构象变化和等温吸附曲线,并提出了研究展望.     

DMDPQ表面吸附伏安的研究

用循环伏安法研究了６，７－二甲基－２，３－二（２－吡啶基）喹恶啉在１：１体积比的水－甲醇混合溶液中，热解石墨电极上的吸附伏安行为，测定了ＤＭＤＰＱ的表观标准电极电位和扩散系数，对其电极反应的机制进行了探讨。     

季铵盐型表面活性剂的吸附特性研究

为了深入认识季铵盐型表面活性剂的吸附特性 ,文中从时间、液固比、烷基链长、质量浓度、表面性质等方面研究了季铵盐型表面活性剂的静态吸附性质 ;从烷基链长、质量浓度和表面性质方面研究了季铵盐型表面活性剂的动态吸附性质 ,说明季铵盐型表面活性剂吸附性较强 .这为进一步研究季铵盐型表面活性剂在驱油中的应用打下了良好的基础     

季铵盐型表面活性剂的吸附特性研究

为了深入认识季铵盐型表面活性剂的吸附特性，文中从时间、液固比，烷基链长，质量浓度，表面性质等方面研究了季铵盐型表面活性剂的静态吸附性质；从烷基链长，质量浓度和表面性质方面研究了季铵盐型表面活性剂的动态吸附性质，说明季铵盐型表面活性剂吸附性较强，这为进一步研究季铵盐型表面活性剂在驱油中的应用打下了良好的基础。     

Formation mechanism of the graphite-rich protective layer in blast furnace hearths

A long campaign life of blast furnaces is heavily linked to the existence of a protective layer in their hearths. In this work, we conducted dissection studies and investigated damage in blast furnace hearths to estimate the formation mechanism of the protective layer. The results illustrate that a significant amount of graphite phase was trapped within the hearth protective layer. Furthermore, on the basis of the thermodynamic and kinetic calculations of the graphite precipitation process, a precipitation potential index related to the formation of the graphite-rich protective layer was proposed to characterize the formation ability of this layer. We determined that, under normal operating conditions, the precipitation of graphite phase from hot metal was thermodynamically possible. Among elements that exist in hot metal, C, Si, and P favor graphite precipitation, whereas Mn and Cr inhibit this process. Moreover, at the same hot-face temperature, an increase of carbon concentration in hot metal can shorten the precipitation time. Finally, the results suggest that measures such as reducing the hot-face temperature and increasing the degree of carbon saturation in hot metal are critically important to improve the precipitation potential index.     

SiO2对烧结矿冶金性能及微观结构的影响

为给高铁低硅烧结矿的生产提供理论依据,设计烧结矿碱度R为1．8、1．9和2．0,每种碱度下以SiO2含量为变量,产生12组配矿方案进行烧结杯实验,研究SiO2对烧结矿冶金性能及微观结构的影响.结果表明：SiO2质量分数从4．8%~5．7%增加时,其冷态强度逐渐增加,最大增幅为8%;烧结矿还原性逐渐降低,降幅区间为从86．80%到81．01%;还原粉化指数RDI+3．15逐渐增大,增幅区间为从75．95%到87．21%;对于软熔性能,其软化开始温度T10在4．8%~5．4%的SiO2含量区间先升高,在5．4%~5．7%之间又降低,而软化区间有变宽的趋势.选定一个碱度水平R=2．0,烧结矿SiO2质量分数在4．8%~5．7%范围变化时,其微观结构由熔蚀状向针柱状发展,结构均匀性逐渐提高,主要矿物组成由赤铁矿向铁酸钙发展,且低温还原粉化的骸晶状赤铁矿逐渐消失.     

细磨海砂矿烧结特性及其对烧结矿质量影响机理

通过细磨海砂矿研究其粒级分布、微观结构和烧结高温特性的变化,结合烧结杯试验、扫描电镜能谱分析等研究方法考察海砂矿粒级分布对烧结矿质量的作用机理.经细磨后海砂矿颗粒不规则程度增大,制粒性能得到改善.随着海砂矿粒度变细,其烧结高温特性呈现出与普通铁矿粉相反规律,其中海砂矿3(细磨25 min的海砂矿)与海砂矿1(未经细磨的海砂矿)相比,同化温度升高21℃,1280℃时液相流动性指数减小0.35,细磨后海砂矿与CaO反应生成钙钛矿增多,阻碍同化反应进行,生成的液相黏度增大.配加8%海砂矿3的烧结矿与配加相同比例海砂矿1相比,还原性提高3.8%,细磨后海砂矿在混合料中分布更加均匀,造成烧结矿中含钛物相质点增多,还原中产生众多微细裂纹,利于还原气体扩散.     

NaCl溶液中OP在Ni表面的吸附及其缓蚀机理的研究

用分光光度法研究了ＯＰ对Ｎｉ在盐水中的缓蚀作用，应用吸附理论和Ｓｅｋｉｎｅ方法处理实验数据，发现ＯＰ在Ｎｉ表面发生了吸附并服从Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ吸附等温式．求得吸附热为５２．２９ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ－１，可以认为这种吸附是产生缓蚀作用的主要原因．     

焦炭反应性对高炉块状带含铁炉料还原的影响

研究了五种具有不同反应性的焦炭对高炉块状带含铁炉料还原的影响规律,并对料层的压差、CO体积分数以及含铁炉料的还原程度进行了分析.当炉内通入的原始气体中CO体积分数（仅考虑CO和CO₂）为72.22%时,随着焦炭反应性的增强,焦炭气化速率加快,含铁炉料颗粒周围的CO体积分数升高,含铁炉料的还原度依次增高,还原度从使用低活性焦炭时的33.18%增大到使用高活性焦炭时的53.83%;而当原始气体成分中CO体积分数为66.67%时（低于900℃还原FeO的平衡气相体积分数）,使用高反应性焦炭也可还原出金属铁.由此可见,适当增加入炉焦炭的反应性,可促进焦炭与含铁炉料间的耦合反应,提升料层CO体积分数,提高含铁炉料进入软熔带区域的金属化率.     

Pt—Rh合金电极上氢的吸附过程的研究

采用快速阴极动电位扫描方法对Ｐｔ－Ｒｈ合金电极上氢的吸附过程进行了研究。随着合金当中Ｒｈ含量的增加，氢的强键吸附峰值逐渐减少，在Ｗ（Ｒｈ）＝５０％－６０％合金 已表现为象肩膀一样的平台，而到百分之百的Ｒｈ时完全消失。     

Formation mechanism of the protective layer in a blast furnace hearth

A variety of techniques, such as chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, were applied to characterize the adhesion protective layer formed below the blast furnace taphole level when a certain amount of titanium- bearing burden was used. Samples of the protective layer were extracted to identify the chemical composition, phase assemblage, and distribution. Furthermore, the formation mechanism of the protective layer was determined after clarifying the source of each component. Finally, a technical strategy was proposed for achieving a stable protective layer in the hearth. The results show that the protective layer mainly exists in a bilayer form in the sidewall, namely, a titanium-bearing layer and a graphite layer. Both the layers contain the slag phase whose major crystalline phase is magnesium melilite (Ca₂MgSi₂O₇) and the main source of the slag phase is coke ash. It is clearly determined that solid particles such as graphite, Ti(C,N) and MgAl₂O₄ play an important role in the formation of the protective layer, and the key factor for promoting the formation of a stable protective layer is reasonable control of the evolution behavior of coke.     

Influencing factor of sinter body strength and its effects on iron ore sintering indexes

Sinter body strength, which reflects the strength of sinter, plays an important role in the improvement of sinter. In this study, the sinter body strengths of iron ores were measured using a microsintering method. The relationship between the chemical composition and sinter body strength was discussed. Moreover, sinter-pot tests were performed. The effects of sinter body strength on the sintering indexes were then elucidated, and the bottom limit of sinter body strength of blending ores was confirmed. In the results, the compressive strengths (CSs) of iron ores are observed to decrease with the increasing of the contents of loss on ignition (LOI), SiO₂, and Al₂O₃; however, LOI of less than 3wt% does not substantially influence the CSs of fine ores. In the case of similar mineral composition, the porosity, in particular, the ratio between the number of large pores and the total number of pores, strongly influences the sinter body strength. With an increase of the blending-ore CSs used in sinter-pot tests, the yield, productivity, and tumbler strength increase, and the solid fuel consumption decreases. The CSs of the blending ores only slightly affect the sintering time. The CS bottom limit of the blending ores is 310 N. When the CSs of the blending ores increase by 10%, the yield, productivity, and tumbler index increase by 1.9%, 2.8%, and 2.0%, respectively, and the solid fuel consumption decreases by 1.9%.     

氯化钙复合吸附剂制冷性能的实验研究

研究与开发对环境友好的吸附式制冷工质对对节能和环保都具有重要意义.本文对以CaCl2为吸附剂,NH3为制冷剂所组成的吸附式制冷工质对的吸附性能进行了研究.针对CaCl2吸附剂颗粒强度不高、长期使用后易出现膨胀粉化、传热传质性能下降等问题,将 CaCl2分别与CaSO4、水泥按质量比4:1进行复配,并进行吸附制冷性能实验.实验表明：温度是过程的控制因素,在110℃时,CaCl2/CaSO4复合吸附剂的单位脱胶凝剂基吸附剂制冷量是CaCl2的1.325倍,是CaCl2/水泥的1.89倍.对吸附剂比表面积及孔结构表征的结果为：CaCl2 、CaCl2/CaSO4的BET比表面积分别为1.2871m2.g-1,1.9163m2.g-1;总孔容分别为0.005117cm3.g-1,0.007703cm3.g-1;平均孔径分别为8.420nm,11.521nm.实验结果表明：复合吸附剂的制冷量有较大提高、膨胀粉化程度降低、其微孔结构和比表面积保持良好.     

基于多点雷达和最小二乘法估计高炉料面形状

利用多点雷达数据,使用最小二乘法对高炉的料面形状进行估计．首先,采用三段曲线描述料面形状,其中包括两段直线一段二次曲线．其次,利用炉料分布规律对三段曲线的具体参数进行约束,使得料面形状的估计更为合理．然后,利用多点雷达数据和最小二乘法估计料面形状,实现料面的实时动态显示．利用某钢厂的实际雷达测量数据,证实了该方法的有效性．