Influence of microstructure on the corrosion resistance of Fe–44Ni thin films

An Fe–44Ni nanocrystalline (NC) alloy thin film was prepared through electrodeposition. The relation between the microstructure and corrosion behavior of the NC film was investigated using electrochemical methods and chemical analysis approaches. The results show that the NC film is composed of a face-centered cubic phase (γ-(Fe,Ni)) and a body-centered cubic phase (α-(Fe,Ni)) when it is annealed at temperatures less than 400℃. The corrosion resistance increases with the increase in grain size, and the corresponding corrosion process is controlled by oxygen reduction. The NC films annealed at 500℃ and 600℃ do not exhibit the same pattern, although their grain sizes are considerably large. This result is attributed to the existence of an anodic phase, Fe_0.947Ni_0.054, in these films. Under this condition, the related corrosion process is synthetically controlled by anodic dissolution and depolarization.     

镍基合金C276在超临界水中的腐蚀行为

研究镍基合金C276在550~650益/25 MPa超临界水中的腐蚀特性。采用腐蚀增重、扫描电镜、能谱和X射线衍射方法分析材料的氧化动力学、氧化膜形貌、合金元素分布和组织结构。结果表明,C276合金在超临界水中以均匀腐蚀为主,其腐蚀增重服从抛物线生长规律。当温度由550益升高到600益时,材料的腐蚀增重大约升高到3倍;当温度进一步升高到650益时,材料的腐蚀增重反而下降。 C276合金表面氧化膜分层不明显,氧化膜的主要成分为( Ni,Fe) Cr2 O4,同时其表层离散分布着大量的NiO氧化物颗粒。 C276合金表面氧化膜的保护性能主要取决于氧化膜内Cr含量,Cr含量越高其结构越致密,从而保护性能也越好。     

Effects of MgO and TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> on the viscous behaviors and phase compositions of titanium-bearing slag

The effects of MgO and TiO₂ on the viscosity, activation energy for viscous flow, and break-point temperature of titanium-bearing slag were studied. The correlation between viscosity and slag structure was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Subsequently, main phases in the slag and their content changes were investigated by X-ray diffraction and Factsage 6.4 software package. The results show that the viscosity decreases when the MgO content increases from 10.00wt% to 14.00wt%. Moreover, the break-point temperature increases, and the activation energy for viscous flow initially increases and subsequently decreases. In addition, with increasing TiO₂ content from 5.00wt% to 9.00wt%, the viscosity decreases, and the break-point temperature and activation energy for viscous flow initially decrease and subsequently increase. FTIR analyses reveal that the polymerization degree of complex viscous units in titanium-bearing slag decreases with increasing MgO and TiO₂ contents. The mechanism of viscosity variation was elucidated. The basic phase in experimental slags is melilite. Besides, as the MgO content increases, the amount of magnesia–alumina spinel in the slag increases. Similarly, the sum of pyroxene and perovskite phases in the slag increases with increasing TiO₂ content.     

Effects of Zn content on the microstructure and the mechanical and corrosion properties of as-cast low-alloyed Mg–Zn–Ca alloys

The effects of Zn content on the microstructure and the mechanical and corrosion properties of as-cast low-alloyed Mg–xZn–0.2Ca alloys (x=0.6wt%, 2.0wt%, 2.5wt%, hereafter denoted as 0.6Zn, 2.0Zn, and 2.5Zn alloys, respectively) are investigated. The results show that the Zn content not only influences grain refinement but also induces different phase precipitation behaviors. The as-cast microstructure of the 0.6Zn alloy is composed of α-Mg, Mg₂Ca, and Ca₂Mg₆Zn₃ phases, whereas 2.0Zn and 2.5Zn alloys only contain α-Mg and Ca₂Mg₆Zn₃ phases, as revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. Moreover, with increasing Zn content, both the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and the elongation to fracture first increase and then decrease. Among the three investigated alloys, the largest UTS (178 MPa) and the highest elongation to fracture (6.5%) are obtained for the 2.0Zn alloy. In addition, the corrosion rate increases with increasing Zn content. This paper provides an updated investigation of the alloy composition–microstructure–property relationships of different Zn-containing Mg–Zn–Ca alloys.     

Effect of Cu surface segregation on the exchange coupling field of NiFe/FeMn bilayers

The NiFe/FeMn bilayers with different buffer layers (Ta or Ta/Cu) were prepared by magnetron sputtering. Results show that the exchange coupling field of NiFe/FeMn films with Ta buffer is higher than that of the films with Ta/ Cu buffer. We analysed the reasons by investigating the crystallographic texture, surface roughness and surface segregation of both films, respectively. We found that the decrease of the exchange coupling fields of NiFe/FeMn films with Ta/ Cu buffer layers was mainly caused by the Cu surface segregation on NiFe surface.     

可溶性镁合金的制备及其性能

针对传统可溶性压裂球材质存在的缺点,采用铸造法制备性能优异的可溶性镁合金,系统研究了铝含量对可溶性镁合金组织、溶解性能及力学性能的影响.结果表明:可溶性镁合金组织由α-Mg和β-Mg17 Al12相组成,随着铝含量的增多,组织中β-Mg17 Al12相数量增多,呈连续网状分布于α相晶界处,并且α晶粒也变得粗大.可溶性镁合金在氯化钾(KCl)溶液中可自行溶解,且随KCl浓度的升高,溶解速率变大,在质量分数为3％的KCl中溶解性能最佳.随着铝含量的增加,可溶性镁合金的溶解速率变大,室温下溶解速率最高可达7.42 mg·h-1·cm-2.溶解产物粒度分析结果显示,中值粒径D50为38.691μm,溶解产物物相为Mg17 Al12和Mg(OH)2.可溶性镁合金的抗压强度最高可达430 MPa,变形量为3.0％时试样断裂,随着铝含量的增加,可溶性镁合金的塑性降低.     

稀土与铝合金中常见元素的耐腐蚀机理研究

采用模拟自然环境加速腐蚀的重量分析法和电化学测定法,对应测定不同含量元素时铝合金的腐蚀速率,考察了铝合金中的常见元素Mg,Mn,Si及RE和杂质元素Fe含量对合金耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:铁和硅危害合金材料的抗腐蚀性能。要保证铝合金有好的耐腐蚀性能,4.5%(质量),锰含量控制在0.55%-0.65%(质量)之间为好,稀土含量则应控制在0.3%±.通过电镜对腐蚀表面及腐蚀形貌的扫描,综合分析了元素含量与合金的耐腐蚀性之间的关系和合金腐蚀的机理。     

Effect of Ni on the corrosion resistance of bridge steel in a simulated hot and humid coastal-industrial atmosphere

The corrosion resistance of weathering bridge steels containing conventional contents of Ni (0.20wt%, 0.42wt%, 1.50wt%) and a higher content of Ni (3.55wt%) in a simulated hot and humid coastal-industrial atmosphere was investigated by corrosion depth loss, scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods. The results showed that, with increasing Ni content, the mechanical properties of the bridge steel were markedly improved, the welding parameters were satisfactory at room temperature, and the corrosion resistance was enhanced. When the Ni content was low (≤ 0.42wt%), the crystallization process of the corrosion products was substantially promoted, enhancing the stability of the rust layer. When the Ni content was higher (~3.55wt%), the corrosion reaction of the steel quickly reached a balance, because the initial rapid corrosion induced the formation of a protective rust layer in the early stage. Simultaneously, NiO and NiFe₂O₄ were generated in large quantities; they not only formed a stable, compact, and continuous oxide protective layer, but also strongly inhibited the transformation process of the corrosion products. This inhibition reduced the structural changes in the rust layer, thereby enhancing the protection. However, when the Ni content ranged from 0.42wt% to 1.50wt%, the corrosion resistance of the bridge steel increased only slightly.     

滑动摩擦加工挤压Mg-Dy-Ni合金的显微组织、力学及腐蚀性能

研究了滑动摩擦加工(SFT)Mg-12Dy-1.1Ni(wt.%)合金的显微组织、力学及腐蚀性能.结果表明:SFT细化了挤压合金表层的晶粒,碎化了LPSO相和Mg₂₄Dy₅颗粒相并促使其均匀分布.SFT同时提高了挤压合金的力学和腐蚀性能.SFT合金具有较高的最大抗拉强度(δ_UTS=356 MPa)和延伸率(ε=25%).SFT合金高的拉伸性能主要来自晶粒细化、18R-LPSO相的弥散强化和14H-LPSO相的析出强化.与挤压合金相比,SFT合金在0.1 mol NaCl溶液中浸泡1 h的失重率从3.02 mg/cm²/h降低到1.86 mg/cm²/h,腐蚀电流密度降低到2.98 mA/cm²,SFT合金良好的腐蚀性能与合金元素及第二相颗粒的均匀分布有关.     

Fe2+浓度对20号钢表面电镀Fe-Ni合金镀层的影响

采用电沉积技术在20号钢表面制备了Fe--Ni合金层,考察了镀液中Fe2+浓度对合金镀层沉积速度、镀层成分、相结构、镀层显微硬度和耐蚀性的影响规律,并探讨了耐蚀机理.实验结果表明:电镀Fe--Ni合金可获得纳米晶结构,随镀液中Fe2+浓度增加,镀层中含铁量增大;镀层显微硬度的变化与Fe原子在Ni晶格中有序固溶程度有关;Fe--Ni合金镀层的耐蚀性均优于20号钢,当镀液Fe2+浓度为0.01 mo.lL-1时,获得镀层具有最佳的耐蚀性.随镀层中铁含量增加,具有钝化特性的高含Ni的Fe--Ni相含量减少,耐蚀性下降,但该相纳米结构显著细化,加速钝化可提高耐蚀性,这一对矛盾导致镀层耐蚀性与铁含量间没有明显的变化规律.高孔隙率也是耐蚀性下降的原因之一.     

锌对316L奥氏体不锈钢氧化膜影响的XPS分析

通过模拟压水堆-回路高温高压水化学环境,对316L奥氏体不锈钢进行了10、60和120μg/L锌浓度下的动水加锌实验,用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对其表面氧化膜结构进行分析.结果表明,加锌能有效降低材料的腐蚀速率,在一定范围内加锌浓度(10~60μg/L)越高,腐蚀增重越小;锌对铁镍尖晶石结构中的Fe2+和Ni 2+有替换作用,形成稳定的ZnCr2O4.     

磁控溅射表面镀膜对Nd2Fe14B稀土永磁体抗腐蚀性能的影响

在Nd₂Fe₁₄B稀土永磁体基体表面,采用磁控溅射（直流+射频）技术制备了Ti/Ni,Ti/Al和Al/Ni等二元合金薄膜和Ti/Al/Ni三元合金薄膜。并通过中性盐雾试验、腐蚀失重计算、电化学腐蚀试验、金相观察等方式,对比研究了不同表面处理对Nd₂Fe₁₄B稀土永磁体基体抗腐蚀性能的影响,并构建了腐蚀模型。研究发现：Ti/Ni,Ti/Al和Al/Ni等二元合金薄膜和Ti/Al/Ni三元合金薄膜均有效地提高了Nd₂Fe₁₄B稀土永磁体基体耐中性盐雾腐蚀和电化学腐蚀的能力;Ti/Al/Ni三元合金薄膜较Ti/Ni,Ti/Al和Al/Ni等二元合金薄膜有更优良的综合耐腐蚀性能,其磁控溅射工艺参数为：Ar流量60 sccm,基片温度常温,Ni,Al,Ti的溅射功率都为250 W,基片转速20 r·min^-1,镀膜均速0.3 nm·s^-1,总计溅射时间1 h。     

FeMnSi基形状记忆合金在水溶液中的电化学腐蚀

在 Fe Mn Si基形状记忆合金中加入 N,能强化基体 ,改善其形状回复率 ,同时有可能提高抗腐蚀性能 .采用浸泡试验和慢线性电位扫描法测量阳极极化曲线等方法 ,以 1 Cr1 8Ni9Ti不锈钢为参照 ,研究了 Fe Mn Si、Fe Mn Si Cr、Fe Mn Si Cr N等合金在 Na Cl(w=3 .5 % )、Na OH(3 mol/L )、HCl(1 mol/L)溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为 .结果表明 :在 Na Cl和 HCl溶液中 ,Fe Mn Si Cr N的抗腐蚀性能较好 ,但不如 1 Cr1 8Ni9Ti;Na OH溶液中 ,Fe Mn Si三元合金会发生钝化 ,且有很宽的钝化区 ,因此有很好的抗腐蚀性能 ,而抗腐蚀性能排序为 Fe Mn Si>Fe Mn Si Cr N>Fe Mn Si Cr>1 Cr1 8Ni9Ti.总之 ,与 Fe Mn Si和 Fe Mn Si Cr相比 ,Fe Mn Si Cr N在水溶液中有较好的抗腐蚀性能     

Effects of P addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–5%Sn–1.25%Si alloy

The effects of Al-P addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg–5%Sn–1.25%Si magnesium alloy were investigated. The results show that the phases of the as-cast alloy are composed of α-Mg, Mg2 Sn, Mg2 Si, little P, and AlP. The Chinese character shape Mg2 Si phase changes into a granular morphology by P addition because AlP can act as a heterogeneous nucleation core for the Mg2 Si phase. When 0.225wt% of Al–3.5%P alloy is added, the mechanical properties of the Mg–5%Sn–1.25%Si alloy are greatly improved, and the tensile strength increases from 156 to 191 MPa, an increase of 22.4% compared to the alloy without P addition. When the amount of Al–3.5%P reaches 0.300wt%, a segregation phenomenon occurs in the granular Mg2 Si phase, and the tensile strength and hardness decrease though the elongation increases.     

Reduction-melting behaviors of boron-bearing iron concentrate/carbon composite pellets with addition of CaO

Although the total amount of boron resources in China is high, the grades of these resources are low. The authors have already proposed a new comprehensive utilization process of boron-bearing iron concentrate based on the iron nugget process. The present work de-scribes a further optimization of the conditions used in the previous study. The effects of CaO on the reduction–melting behavior and proper-ties of the boron-rich slag are presented. CaO improved the reduction of boron-bearing iron concentrate/carbon composite pellets when its content was less than 1wt%. Melting separation of the composite pellets became difficult with the CaO content increased. The sulfur content of the iron nugget gradually decreased from 0.16wt%to 0.046wt%as the CaO content of the pellets increased from 1wt%to 5wt%. CaO negatively affected the iron yield and boron extraction efficiency of the boron-rich slag. The mineral phase evolution of the boron-rich slag during the reduction–melting separation of the composite pellets with added CaO was also deduced.     

Surface characteristics and corrosion resistance of biodegradable magnesium alloy ZK60 modifi ed by Fe ion implantati on and deposition

The ZK60 magnesium alloy has been modified by Fe ion implantation and deposition with a metal vapor vacuum arc plasma source. The surface morphology, phase constituent and elemental distribution are determined by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer and Auger electron spectroscopy. The results show that Fe thin film is deposited on ZK60 alloy and the corresponding thickness increases from 2.73 μm to 6.36 μm with increasing deposition time. A transition layer mainly composed of Mg, Fe and O elements is formed between Fe thin film and ZK60 substrate. The potentiodynamic polarization tests reveal that a high corrosion potential and a low corrosion current density are detected for the Fe deposited ZK60 alloy, indicating the improvement of corrosion resistance. The tensile deformation test indicates that the Fe deposited film on the ZK60 substrate can sustain 1% tensile strain without any cracks.     

冶金因素对钢点蚀扩展的影响

选择六种冶金因素各有特点的低碳钢和一种低合金钢,通过模拟闭塞腐蚀电池实验,结合冶金特点和腐蚀形貌分析,研究冶金因素对孔蚀扩展的影响. 结果表明,钢中固溶氧量、夹杂物、钙处理、磷含量及其偏析和合金元素镍铬等对点蚀扩展有重要影响. 钢中固溶氧量高、钙处理、高磷量和高镍铬量有利于抑制蚀坑扩展.     

Ti – Cu– Zr–Fe– Nb ultrafine structur e-dendrite composites with good mechanical properties and biocompat ibility

Ti-Cu-Zr-Fe-Nb ultrafine structure-dendrite composites were designed by inducing Nb and more Ti to a Ti-Cu-Zr-Fe glass-forming alloy composition and prepared by copper mold casting.The composite alloys consist of β-Ti dendrites and ultrafine-structured CuTi₂ and CuTi phases as well as a trace amount of glassy phase.The volume fraction of β-Ti dendrites increases with the increase in content of Nb which acted as the β-Ti phase stabilizer in the alloys.The composites exhibit high compressive yield strength exceeding1200 MPa,maximum strength around 1800 MPa and low Young’s modulus around 48 GPa.The plasticity of the alloys is strongly influenced by the volume fraction and morphology of the dendritic β-Ti phase,and the compressive plastic strain was enlarged from 5.9%for the 4 at%Nb alloy to 9.2%for the 8 at%Nb alloy.The preliminary cell culture experiment indicated good biocompatibility of the composite alloys free from highly toxic elements Ni and Be.These Ti-based composite alloys are promising to have potential structural and biomedical applications due to the combination of good mechanical properties and biocompatibility.     

Microstructure and corrosion resistance of Fe/Mo composite amorphous coatings prepared by air plasma spraying

Fe/Mo composite coatings were prepared by air plasma spraying (APS) using Fe-based and Mo-based amorphous and nanocrystalline mixed powders. Microstructural studies show that the composite coatings present a layered structure with low porosity due to adding the self-bonded Mo-based alloy. Corrosion behaviors of the composite coatings, the Fe-based coatings and the Mo-based coatings were investigated by electrochemical measurements and salt spray tests. Electrochemical results show that the composite coatings exhibit a lower polarization current density and higher corrosion potentials than the Fe-based coating when tested in 3.5wt% NaCl solutions, indicating superior corrosion resistance compared with the Fe-based coating. Also with the increase in addition of the Mo-based alloy, a raised corrosion resistance, inferred by an increase in corrosion potential and a decrease in polarization current density, can be found. The results of salt spray tests again show that the corrosion resistance is enhanced by adding the Mo-based alloy, which helps to reduce the porosity of the composite coatings and enhance the stability of the passive films.     

Cl-含量对铸态Cu-40Ni合金电化学腐蚀行为的影响

利用动电位扫描法,结合电化学交流阻抗技术研究了用传统电弧熔炼(CA)制备的铸态Cu-40Ni合金在不同Cl-含量的腐蚀介质中的电化学腐蚀行为.结果表明:铸态Cu-40Ni合金在含Cl-腐蚀介质中,随着Cl-含量的增加,自腐蚀电位不同程度负移,膜电阻减小,腐蚀速度加快;合金在Na2SO4中表现出了Warburg阻抗的性质,电极表面的腐蚀过程由电化学控制转变为扩散控制,而在加入Cl-后,没有出现Warburg阻抗的性质,腐蚀过程由电化学控制;腐蚀电化学阻抗谱呈单容抗弧特征,随Cl-含量的增加,极化电阻减小;腐蚀过程中存在一定弥散效应.