Microstructures and properties of Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> dispersion-strengthened copper alloys prepared through different methods

Al₂O₃ dispersion copper alloy powder was prepared by internal oxidation, and three consolidation methods—high-velocity compaction (HVC), hot pressing (HP), and hot extrusion (HE)—were used to prepare Al₂O₃ dispersion-strengthened copper (Cu–Al₂O₃) alloys. The microstructures and properties of these alloys were investigated and compared. The results show that the alloys prepared by the HP and HE methods exhibited the coarsest and finest grain sizes, respectively. The alloy prepared by the HVC method exhibited the lowest relative density (98.3% vs. 99.5% for HP and 100% for HE), which resulted in the lowest electrical conductivity (81% IACS vs. 86% IACS for HP and 87% IACS for HE). However, this alloy also exhibited the highest hardness (77 HRB vs. 69 HRB for HP and 70 HRB for HE), the highest compressive strength (443 MPa vs. 386 MPa for HP and 378 MPa for HE), and the best hardness retention among the investigated alloys. The results illustrate that the alloy prepared by the HVC method exhibits high softening temperature and good mechanical properties at high temperatures, which imply long service life when used as spot-welding electrodes.     

Investigations of a nanostructured FeMnSi shape memory alloy produced via severe plastic deformation

Low-cost iron-based shape memory alloys (SMAs) show great potential for engineering applications. The developments of new processing techniques have recently enabled the production of nanocrystalline materials with improved properties. These developments have opened avenues for newer applications for SMAs. The influence of severe plastic deformation induced by the high-speed high-pressure torsion (HSHPT) process on the microstructural evolution of an Fe–Mn–Si–Cr alloy was investigated. Transmission electron microscopic analysis of the alloy revealed the existence of nanoscale grains with an abundance of stacking faults. The high density of dislocations characteristic of severe plastic deformation was not observed in this alloy. X-ray diffraction studies revealed the presence of ε-martensite with an HCP crystal structure and γ-phase with an FCC structure.     

Temperature effect on the corrosion and passivation characterization of Ni<Subscript>82.3</Subscript>Cr<Subscript>7</Subscript>Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>Si<Subscript>4.5</Subscript>B<Subscript>3.2</Subscript> alloy in acidic media

The effects of temperature on corrosion and the electrochemical behavior of Ni_82.3Cr₇Fe₃Si_4.5B_3.2 glassy alloy in HCl, H₂SO₄, and H₃PO₄ acids were studied using AC and DC techniques. Impedance data reveal that the susceptibility to localized corrosion increases with increasing temperature. Potentiodynamic polarization curves reveal that the bulk glassy alloy is spontaneously passivated at all the investigated temperature in H₂SO₄ and H₃PO₄ solutions. A localized corrosion effect in HCl solution is clearly observed. The apparent activation energies in the regions of Tafel, active, and passive, as well as the enthalpies and entropies of the dissolution process were determined and discussed. The high apparent activation energy (E_a) value for H₃PO₄ solution in Tafel region is explained by the low aggressivity of PO₄3- ions.     

Effect of Co on the martensitic transformation,crystal structure and magnetization of Ni<Subscript>52.5</Subscript>Mn<Subscript>23.5</Subscript>Ga<Subscript>24</Subscript> based ferromagnetic shape memory alloys

Five(Ni52.5Mn23.5Ga24)100-xCox(x = 0,2,4,6,8) alloys were prepared by arc melting,and the effects of Co addition on the martensitic phase transformation,crystal structure and magnetization were investigated.The phase transformation temperatures Ms,Mf,As and Af are proportional to the content of Co in the(Ni52.5Mn23.5Ga24)100-xCox alloys,which appears to be due to the variation in the valance electron concentration.The Curie temperature is sensitive to the composition of the alloy.As the amount of Co changes,both the Co-Mn exchange interaction and the distance between Mn atoms change.These,in turn,affect the Curie temperature and magnetization behavior of the alloy.The martensite phases in all the alloys are domained in three different orientations,the domain boundary was determined to belong to the family of {112} lattice planes.     

时效处理对7085铝合金锻件组织和腐蚀性能的影响

采用慢应变速率拉伸试验、剥落腐蚀试验、极化曲线及透射电镜等分析方法,研究时效处理对7085铝合金锻件腐蚀性能的影响.研究结果表明:与T6时效合金相比,合金经T74时效的抗应力腐蚀和抗剥落腐蚀性能提高但强度显著降低;经RRA时效处理,合金保持了较高强度的同时,应力腐蚀性能敏感性降低,抗剥落腐蚀性能提高;在腐蚀溶液中,极化曲线测试也表现出同样的趋势:合金经过RRA时效处理,形成粗大且不连续的晶界析出相是提高腐蚀性能的主要原因.     

Effects of metal binder on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>-based micro-nanocomposite ceramic tool material

The Al₂O₃-(W,Ti)C composites with Ni and Mo additions varying from 0vol% to 12vol% were prepared via hot pressing sintering under 30 MPa. The microstructure was investigated via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Mechanical properties such as flexural strength, fracture toughness, and Vickers hardness were also measured. Results show that the main phases Al₂O₃ and (W,Ti)C were detected by XRD. Compound MoNi also existed in sintered nanocomposites. The fracture modes of the nanocomposites were both intergranular and transgranular fractures. The plastic deformation of metal particles and crack bridging were the main toughening mechanisms. The maximum flexural strength and fracture toughness were obtained for 9vol% and 12vol% additions of Ni and Mo, respectively. The hardness of the composites reduced gradually with increasing content of metals Ni and Mo.     

双级时效对1933铝合金锻件组织和性能的影响

采用电导率测试、常温力学性能测试、慢应变速率拉伸、透射电镜和正交试验等手段,研究双级时效对1933铝合金锻件力学性能、抗应力腐蚀性能及微观组织的影响.研究结果表明:与T6态相比,通过合适的双级时效制度(110℃/6 h+160℃/8 h或120℃/12 h+160℃/6 h),锻件的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别下降3.8%和1.0%,电导率却提高了19.5%,抗应力腐蚀性能显著提高.双级时效中第2级时效温度是控制锻件性能的关键因素,通过合理的双级时效制度,机体中的沉淀相细小弥散,晶界上的η相粗大且不连续,使得锻件具有良好的综合性能.     

微量元素对CuZnAl形状记忆合金晶粒细化和晶粒生长的影响

研究了添加 Ｚｒ，Ｔｉ，Ｂ和 Ｆｅ元素，对 ＣｕＡｎＡｌ形状记忆合金晶粒细化和 晶粒生长的影响；探讨了合金晶粒细化与晶粒生长的机制。试验结果表明：合 金中添加Ｚｒ，Ｔｉ，Ｂ，Ｆｅ元素，晶粒得到显著细化，晶粒生长受到抑制；晶粒 生长受到抑制最大的添加元素为 Ｚｒ，其余顺序为 Ｂ，Ｔｉ，Ｆｅ；添加 Ｚｒ，Ｔｉ的 合金，在９００℃上发生异常晶粒长大现象，这是由于晶界结构的变化，固溶 Ｚｒ，Ｔｉ原子对晶界的作用在高温时削弱及第二相粒子的溶解。添加 Ｂ的合 金，当ＣＢ＜０．０１（ｗｔ％）时，晶粒尺寸随含Ｂ量增多急剧减小；当ｃＢ＞０．０１ （Ｗｔ％）时，晶粒尺寸变化不大，该合金晶粒细化主要是固溶于基体中的硼的 作用。     

时效处理对Ti50Ni25Cu25合金阻尼行为的影响

采用内耗测试和Ｘ－射线衍射研究了时效处理对Ｔｉ５０Ｎｉ２５Ｃｕ２５合金阻尼特性的影响,发现随时效温度升高,相变内耗峰降低,并且出现Ｂ１９’马氏体,低温时效合金背底内耗随振动频率增大而降低,高温时效合金背底内耗与振动频率无关。     

固溶时效工艺对6016铝合金力学性能的影响及多目标优化

作为6XXX铝合金热处理工艺的一部分,固溶处理与时效处理对6016铝合金的力学性能有显著影响.本文把固溶温度、时间和时效温度、时间作为设计变量,应用中心组合实验设计法设计固溶-时效实验方案,在室温下分别测出试样的屈服强度、伸长率和维氏硬度.第二代非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)解决了第一代算法参数选取难、运行效率低等缺点.本文用第二代非支配排序遗传算法把得到的响应面方程作为目标函数进行多目标优化,经过计算后获得非劣解,从中可筛选出使目标函数较好的解与相对的固溶-时效工艺参数.     

Effect of Ag addition on the thermal stability and glass-forming ability of Zr<Subscript>35</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>30</Subscript>Cu<Subscript>7.5</Subscript>Be<Subscript>27.5</Subscript> bulk metallic glass

The thermal stability and glass forming ability (GFA) of Zr35-xTi30Cu7.5Be27.5Agx (x = 0-10) alloys were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and ultrasonic techniques. We found that the addition of 1 at.% Ag can considerably enhance the GFA as indicated by an increase in the critical glass dimension from 15 mm in the Zr35Ti30Cu7.5Be27.5 alloy to 20 mm in the Zr34Ti30Cu7.5Be27.5Ag1 alloy. However, with the addition of more Ag the supercooled liquid region (△Tx) and y parameter (defined as Tx/(Tg+Tl)) drastically decreased from 155 K and 0.436 to 76 K and 0.363, respectively, resulting in a decrease in the GFA. Additionally, the elastic constant (the ratio of shear modulus to bulk modulus or Poisson’s ratio) was also used as a gauge to evaluate the GFA in Zr35-xTi30Cu7.5Be27.5Agx alloys.     

NiTi形状记忆合金表面电化学沉积-碱处理制备HA生物活性涂层

采用电化学沉积-碱处理,在低温条件下从含钙和磷离子的电解水溶液中在NiTi形状记忆合金表面沉积了磷酸钙涂层,经碱处理获得羟基磷灰石(HA)涂层.对涂层的组织形貌和相组成进行了分析,并研究了实验工艺对涂层结构的影响.研究结果表明,电化学沉积涂层CaHPO4*2H2O经碱处理后转变为羟基磷灰石;对试样进行表面处理,同时在电解液中加入有机溶剂得到的涂层更均匀、更致密.     

时效工艺对7A52铝合金晶间腐蚀和剥蚀行为的影响

采用恒温浸泡方法、极化曲线测量、金相和透射电镜技术研究不同时效温度和不同时效时间处理7A52铝合金的晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀行为。研究结果表明：7A52铝合金的晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀敏感性随着时效温度的升高和时效时间的增加而减小;腐蚀敏感性随着时效温度的变化由大到小的顺序为：自然时效,100℃/24 h（欠时效）,120℃/24 h（峰时效）,150℃/24 h（过时效）;在120℃时效条件下,腐蚀敏感性随时效时间的变化由大到小的顺序为：120℃/16 h（欠时效）,120℃/24 h（峰时效）,120℃/60 h（过时效）;合金的腐蚀敏感性与晶界析出相（MgZn2）和无沉淀析出带（PFZ）的特征有关;晶界析出相呈链状分布时合金腐蚀敏感性大,晶界析出相尺寸越大,分布越不连续,PFZ越宽,合金腐蚀敏感性越小。     

Influence of nano-Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>-reinforced oxide-dispersion-strengthened Cu on the mechanical and tribological properties of Cu-based composites

The mechanical and tribological properties of Cu-based powder metallurgy (P/M) friction composites containing 10wt%–50wt% oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) Cu reinforced with nano-Al₂O₃ were investigated. Additionally, the friction and wear behaviors as well as the wear mechanism of the Cu-based composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) elemental mapping. The results indicated that the Cu-based friction composite containing 30wt% ODS Cu exhibited the highest hardness and shear strength. The average and instantaneous friction coefficient curves of this sample, when operated in a high-speed train at a speed of 300 km/h, were similar to those of a commercial disc brake pad produced by Knorr-Bremse AG (Germany). Additionally, the lowest linear wear loss of the obtained samples was (0.008 ± 0.001) mm per time per face, which is much lower than that of the Knorr-Bremse pad ((0.01 ± 0.001) mm). The excellent performance of the developed pad is a consequence of the formation of a dense oxide composite layer and its close combination with the pad body.     

热处理对铜基形状记忆合金晶粒大小和相变点的影响

为了探讨不同热处理工艺对材料晶粒大小和Ms点的影响规律,对成分一定的铜基形状记忆合金(Cu-Mn-Al-Zn-Zr)制成的试样进行不同的热处理,分别采用金相法及电阻法对晶粒平均直径d和相变点Ms进行测定。结果表明,热处理对合金的晶粒大小和相变点影响较大,Ms与d-1/2之间存在线性关系。     

Effects of Yb^3＋ codoping on visible and near infrared emissions of Er^3＋-Yb^3＋ codoped Al2O3 powders by the sol-gel method

The 0.1 mol% Er^3＋ and 0-2 mol% Yb^3＋ codoped Al2O3 powders were prepared by the sol-gel method, and the phase structure, including only two crystalline types of doped Al2O3 phase, γ-（Al,Er, Yb）2O3 and θ-（Al,Er, Yb）2O3, was detected at the sintering temperature of 1000℃. The visible and near infrared emissions properties depended strongly on the Yb^3＋ codoping, and the corresponding maximal peak intensities centered at about 523, 545, 660 and 1533 nm were obtained respectively for the 0.1 mol% Er^3＋ and 0.5 mol% Yb^3＋ codoped Al2O3 powders, which were composed of θ-（Al,Er,Yb）2O3 and a small amount of γ-（Al,Er, Yb）2O3 phases. The two-photon absorption process was responsible for the visible up-conversion emissions, and the one-photon absorption process was involved in the near infrared emissions of the Er^3＋-yb^3＋ codoped Al2O3 powders.     

固溶时效处理对Ni50Ti44Al6合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、室温和高温压缩试验等方法研究了固溶时效对Ni50Ti44Al6合金微观组织和力学性能的影响.Ni50Ti44Al6合金的铸态微观组织是由NiTi基体和沿晶界分布的网状组织构成.随着固溶温度升高,合金中的网状组织部分消失,第二相在基体中趋向于均匀的弥散分布;随时效时间延长,合金的强度先升高后降低.固溶时效处理能有效改善Ni50Ti44Al6合金的力学性能.最佳的处理制度为:合金在1150℃固溶6 h,水淬,再在700℃时效6 h.     

固溶和时效处理对碳纳米管/2024铝合金复合材料组织和性能的影响

对碳纳米管/2024铝合金复合材料进行固溶和时效处理,通过维氏硬度和室温拉伸实验测试了复合材料的性能,对固溶和时效处理后复合材料的微观组织和析出相进行了表征。研究发现,复合材料的强塑性与固溶和时效处理密切相关,碳纳米管/2024铝合金复合材料经530 ℃×4 h固溶处理后维氏硬度达到最高,为179.45,较原始复合材料维氏硬度提高约31%。时效处理后加速了时效硬化行为,经130 ℃×4 h时效处理后复合材料的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率最高,分别为430.4 MPa,606.1 MPa和9.5%。结果表明,碳纳米管/2024铝合金复合材料适宜的固溶和时效制度为：固溶处理530 ℃×4 h,时效处理130 ℃×4 h。