半固态等温热处理对7075合金组织的影响

研究了半固态等温热处理过程中,7075合金由枝晶组织转变为非枝晶组织的演变机理,并对比了半固态组织和铸态组织相组成的区别.结果表明,非枝晶组织的形成经过分枝特征的消失、晶界的平直化、晶界的弧状化与晶粒的长大3个阶段.其中,分枝特征的消失是由于位于二次枝晶臂的低熔点相熔化:部分液相团聚被包裹于固相颗粒内部;部分由枝晶通道流动至晶界处;另一部分液相与枝晶网格的边界处液相汇合,包裹着小固相颗粒.7075铸态枝晶组织与半固态组织的组成相相同,都是由α-Al,η(MgZn₂)和θ(Al₂Cu)组成.     

TiC_p/7075Al基复合材料半固态坯料二次加热组织

利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和示差扫描量热法(DSC)研究了4.4%TiC_p/7075Al基复合材料的二次加热组织演变规律及其影响因素. 结果表明:4.4%TiC_p/7075Al基复合材料的最佳二次加热工艺参数是加热温度为590～610℃,保温时间为10～20min;4.4%TiC_p/7075Al基复合材料在二次加热过程中具有较高的稳定性,随温度的升高和保温时间的延长,球形晶粒尺寸增加较小;4.4%TiC_p/7075Al基复合材料在600℃时的晶粒粗化速率常数为118.96μm~3·s~(-1),远小于7075基体合金的晶粒粗化速率常数311.7μm~3·s~(-1),更加适宜于半固态触变成形.     

直接使用半固态等温热处理法将工业冷轧ZL104铝合金制备成半固态坯

Semi-solid isothermal heat treatment was proposed to directly process cold-rolled ZL104 aluminum alloys and obtain semi-solid billets. The effects of two process parameters, namely, temperature and processing time, on the microstructure and hardness of the resulting billets were also experimentally examined. Average grain size (AGS) increased and the shape factor (SF) of the grain improved as the process temperature increased. The SF of the grain also increased with increasing processing time, and the AGS was augmented when the processing time was prolonged from 5 to 20 min at 570°C. The hardness of the aluminum alloy decreased because of the increase in AGS with increasing temperature and processing time. The optimal temperature and time for the preparation of semi-solid ZL104 aluminum alloys were 570°C and 5 min, respectively. Under optimal process parameters, the AGS, SF, and hardness of the resulting alloy were 35.88 μm, 0.81, and 55.24 MPa, respectively. The Lifshitz–Slyozov–Wagner relationship was analyzed to determine the coarsening rate constant at 570°C, and a rate constant of 1357.2 μm3/s was obtained.     

蛇形通道制备半固态A380铝合金浆料组织的演变

采用石墨质蛇形通道制备半固态A380铝合金浆料,并研究浆料制备过程中浆料组织的演变. 结果显示,合金熔体在蛇形通道内发生一次凝固,在其通道内壁的激冷和异质形核作用下形成大量的初生自由晶,半固态浆料的剩余液相在收集坩埚内发生二次凝固形成二次非枝晶. 初生晶粒的游离模型表明一部分初生自由晶直接生长为球晶,其他部分则成长为枝晶,枝晶在"自搅拌"的作用下发生缩颈和熔断,通过"自旋转"在蛇形通道内得到初步球化和熟化. 二次凝固形成的二次非枝晶在收集坩埚内得到初步球化和熟化,同时初生晶粒在收集坩埚内得到进一步球化、熟化和均匀分布.     

工艺参数对铝合金微齿轮热挤压成形的影响

针对7075铝合金微齿轮挤压过程中出现的微尺度效应问题,将退火后的7075铝合金进行等温微压缩试验,获得材料的真实应力应变曲线,导入DEFORM软件,并模拟微挤压成形过程。定义挤出端凸度来评定微挤压件的成形性能,挤出端凸度越小,则成形性越好。设计正交试验,研究入模角、坯料直径、挤压温度、挤压速度和摩擦因数等对微齿轮热挤压成形过程中最大成形载荷和成形性能的影响规律。分析结果表明：坯料直径对最大成形载荷和挤出端凸度的影响均最大;挤压速度对成形载荷的影响较大,挤压温度的影响次之;挤压温度对挤出端凸度的影响较大,挤压速度的影响次之;入模角和摩擦因数对成形载荷和挤出端凸度影响均较小。通过优化工艺参数模拟挤压得到质量良好的微齿轮。     

不同工艺条件对半固态挤压Mg2 Si/Al复合材料组织和性能的影响

采用等温热处理半固态挤压的方法制备Mg2Si/Al复合材料,研究等温热处理温度、保温时间和挤压比压对复合材料组织和布氏硬度的影响.结果表明:经过等温热处理后得到了基体α-Al和Mg2Si增强相双球化的半固态组织,其中,Mg2Si颗粒呈现球化,α-Al呈现规则球形或椭球形.当挤压比压恒定时,Mg2Si/Al复合材料显微组织中α-Al和Mg2Si颗粒的球化随着温度和保温时间的增加而更加明显,同时α-Al的粗化也更加明显;当等温热处理温度和保温时间恒定时,挤压比压对半固态挤压Mg2Si/Al复合材料显微组织的影响不大.硬度测试表明,当挤压比压恒定时,布氏硬度随着等温热处理温度和保温时间的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势;但当等温热处理温度和保温时间恒定时,随着挤压比压的增加,布氏硬度随之提高.     

半固态ZL201铝合金的压缩变形行为

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机对用近液相线铸造方法制得的半固态ZL201合金进行了不同温度和不同应变速率下的压缩变形,并对实验结果进行了回归处理,建立了半固态ZL201合金在不同变形温度、不同应变速率下的数学模型.研究结果表明:当应变速率相同时,压缩应力随变形温度的增加而减小;当应变温度相同时,压缩应力随着应变速率的增加有先增大后减小的趋势.本实验可为半固态合金触变成形的数值模拟和优化半固态金属加工工艺参数提供基础数据.     

As-cast structure of DC casting 7075 aluminum alloy obtained under dual-frequency electromagnetic field

We have experimentally determined the as-cast structures of semi-continuous casting 7075 aluminum alloy obtained in the presence of dual-frequency electromagnetic field. Results suggest that the use of dual-frequency electromagnetic field during the semi-continuous casting process of 7075 aluminum alloy ingots reduces the thickness of the surface segregation layer, increases the height of the melt meniscus, enhances the surface quality of the ingot, and changes the surface morphology of the melt pool. Moreover, low-frequency electromagnetic field was found to show the most obvious influence on improving the as-cast structure because of its high permeability in conductors.     

Mechanical properties of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced 7075 aluminum alloy composite fabricated by spark plasma sintering

A 0.3 wt% graphene nanoplatelets(GNPs) reinforced 7075 aluminum alloy matrix(7075 Al) composite was fabricated by spark plasma sintering and its strength and wear resistance were investigated. The microstructures of the internal structure, the friction surface, and the wear debris were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. Compared with the original 7075 aluminum alloy, the hardness and elastic modulus of the 7075 Al/GNPs composite were found to have increased by 29% and 36%, respectively. The results of tribological experiments indicated that the composite also exhibited a lower wear rate than the original 7075 aluminum alloy.     

部分凝固Al-10％Cu合金在缓慢冷却过程中固相组织的演变

研究了部分凝固A1-10%Cu合金缓慢冷却时固相组织的变化,发现固相演变规律是:等轴树状晶颗粒-它的粗化与长大一颗粒间的聚集与合并生长一晶粒的球状化。     

Numerical simulation on reho-diecasting mould filling of an automobile master brake cylinder

An apparent viscosity model of semi-solid A356 aluminum alloy has been developed and the software Castsofl6.0 coupled with the model has been used to simulate the mould filling of an automobile master brake cylinder with the semi-solid A356 aluminum alloy slurry. The simulation results are in agreement with the practical filling process, indicating that the apparent viscosity model is feasible and can be used to simulate the mould filling of the semisolid A356 aluminum alloy slurry and can be used to optimize the filling process and the design of dies. A higher injection pressure, a higher ingate flow velocity of the semi-solid slurry, and a higher slurry temperature are advantageous to the mould filling of the automobile master brake cylinder.     

Effect of Slope Plate Variable and Reheating on the Semi-Solid Structure of Ductile Cast Iron

Semi-solid metal casting and forming is a promising production method for a wide range of metal alloys, In spite of many applications for semi-solid processed light alloys, few works have reported on the semi-solid processing of iron and steel. In this research, an inclined plate was used to change the dendritic structure of iron to globular. The effects of the length and slope of the plate on the casting structure were examined. The results show that the process effectively changes the dendritic structure to globular. A sloped plate angle of 7.5° and length of 560 mm with a cooling rate of 67 K· s^-1 gave the optimum graphite nodu- larity and solid particle globularity. The results also show that the sloped plate more easily prevents inoculant fading since the total time processing is rather short. In addition the semi-solid ductile cast iron prepared using the inclined plate method was reheated to examine the effect of reheating conditions on the microstructure and coarsening kinetics of the alloy. The solid fractions at different reheating temperatures and holding times were used to find the optimum reheating temperature range.     

不同磁场条件对双流铸造7075铝合金组织的影响

成功研制了双流低频电磁半连续铸造铝合金的设备,使用该设备实现7075铝合金连续稳定的铸造,为工业实现多流低频电磁半连续铸造提供实验基础.利用此铸造设备,对比研究双流铸造中不同磁场条件对7075铝合金组织的影响.研究发现:相邻线圈电流方向相反时铸锭宏观组织略微好于线圈电流方向相同时;随着电流强度的增大,晶粒逐渐得到细化,当电流强度大于160 A后,磁场作用基本达到最佳效果;励磁电流频率小于等于10 Hz或者大于等于30 Hz均无法改善合金组织,当励磁电流频率为20 Hz的时候,铸锭晶粒相对细小,分布均匀,且宏观偏析得到了显著抑制.     

Preparation of semi-solid aluminum alloy slurry poured through a water-cooled serpentine channel

A water-cooled serpentine channel pouring process was invented to produce semi-solid A356 aluminum alloy slurry for rheocasting, and the effects of pouring temperature and circulating cooling water flux on the microstructure of the slurry were investigated. The results show that at the pouring temperature of 640-680℃ and the circulating cooling water flux of 0.9 m3/h, the semi-solid A356 aluminum alloy slurry with spherical primary α(Al) grains can be obtained, whose shape factors are between 0.78 and 0.86 and the grain diameter can reach 48-68 μm. When the pouring temperatures are at 660-680℃, only a very thin solidified shell remains inside the serpentine channel and can be removed easily. When the serpentine channel is cooled with circulating water, the microstructure of the semi-solid slurry can be improved, and the serpentine channel is quickly cooled to room temperature after the completion of one pouring. In terms of the productivity of the special equipment, the water-cooled serpentine channel is economical and efficient.     

复合锭直接水冷半连续铸造过程的研究

在传统结晶器中安装了冷却板,采用直接水冷半连续铸造法实现了用于生产钎焊板的铝合金复合锭的实验室制备,并对半连续铸造过程及工艺进行研究,主要研究了铸造过程中接触面附近温度场分布、复合锭接触面两侧的宏观形貌、微观组织及成分分布、硬度分布.结果表明:在冷却板的作用下接触面附近形成了一层具有一定厚度的半固态层,从而保证复合铸造过程的顺利实现,复合锭中两种铝合金接触面结合较好,且为一种冶金结合,接触面两侧的成分分布和硬度分布有较好的对应关系.     

A2017半固态合金二次加热组织演化

对SCR技术制备的A2017半固态坯料进行二次加热,利用光学显微镜,电镜,图像分析仪等手段,对坯料二次加热微观组织的演化进行了研究·实验结果表明,在相同加热温度条件下,随着保温时间的延长,晶粒平均等积圆直径增大,晶粒越来越圆整,液相率增加;提高二次加热温度,晶粒长大和球化速度加快·二次加热最佳工艺条件为加热温度580℃,保温时间40～60min或者加热温度600℃,保温20～40min,晶粒平均等积圆直径为70～90μm,固相率在70%左右,适合于半固态加工·组织演化机制分析表明,加热初期阶段,液相少,晶粒主要通过碰撞熔合快速长大;随着保温时间延长,液相增加,晶粒主要通过原子扩散慢速长大并发生...     

浇注温度对AZ31镁合金连续流变挤压成形组织的影响

研究了不同浇注温度、辊靴型腔中不同位置的AZ31镁合金组织.结果表明,浇注温度高于750℃时,半固态区减小,工作辊对半固态区枝晶的剪切时间变短,枝晶破碎不充分,得不到优质的半固态金属浆料;浇注温度低于730℃时,固相区变大,半固态区部分枝晶未得到充分剪切就进入了固相区,固相区的枝晶更是难以断裂,因此得不到理想的半固态组织;随着固相区的增加,合金变形更加困难,设备工作压力增加,使用寿命降低;AZ31镁合金连续流变挤压最佳浇注温度为730～750℃.     

Ni基合金-石墨自润滑材料的熔炼组织及性能

采用熔炼法制备了Ni-4.2%A1-3.5%C高温自润滑材料.结果表明,石墨在合金基体中呈高密度均匀分布;Al不仅是强化合金基体的元素,而且对结晶中的石墨有一定的球化作用,Al与氧结合成渣降低了氧在石墨表面的吸附;稀土镁球化剂对Ni-4.2%Al-3.5%C合金中的石墨生长具有更有效的球化作用,其孕育形核的作用也十分显著.石墨经球化处理后,材料的冲击韧性得到提高;该合金与45#退火钢及GCr15轴承钢在干摩擦磨损条件下,摩擦系数保持在0.12和0.15的较低水平.     

连续流变成形过程中热流耦合场对合金组织的影响

为优化连续流变成形制备AZ31镁合金材料的工艺条件,利用有限元法模拟出了其在不同浇注温度条件下的速度场和温度场,并通过实验验证了模拟结果,分析了热流耦合场对合金组织的影响.结果表明:连续流变成形技术制备AZ31半固态合金的过程中,合金运动速度由靴侧到轧辊侧呈线性递增,在近轧辊处出现速度最大值,合金与靴接触边界速度为零;合金温度场由浇口到辊-靴型腔出口温度逐渐降低,并且等温线向轧辊侧偏离;合金出口温度与浇注温度基本呈线性的正比例关系变化,且模拟出的最佳浇注温度范围为730～770℃.     

预拉伸铝合金板7075T7351内部残余应力分布测试

因残余应力而引起加工变形是飞机整体结构件制造的难题之一。运用裂纹柔度法测量了铝合金预拉伸板7075T7351的内部残余应力，分析了内部残余应力的分布规律，并测出厚度为40mm的板长度方向最大残余拉应力为18．3Mpa，最大残余压应力为17．9Mpa。