Model and Method of Debris Flow Risk Zoning Based on Momentum Analysis

0IntroductionRisk zoning of debris flowis one of the i mportant meas-ures for debris flowdisasters mitigation and is effectiveon assessingthe risk degreesinthe dangerous area and hasthei mportant significance to guide land-use and layout in moun-tain area…     

A Dialogue with the Ancient and Reflection on the Interpretation of History of Bianque and Traditional Chinese Medicine

Qin Yueren(about407B.C.to310B.C.),outstanding physician of the period of the WarringStates.Sima Qian called Bianque Qin Yueren,born in Renqiu,Hebei province,surnamed Qinand named Yueren,initiated by don Changsang,Five Zang diseases could all be diagnosticated,but he was very famous by his Pulse DiagnosticMethod,when he did diagnosis for sovereignQihuan,Qihuan couldn’t feel the illness andconsidered himself healthy,it resulted in diseasenot curable.When he did diagnosis for ZhaoJianz…     

Phylogeny and divergence of Chinese Angiopteridaceae based on chloroplast DNA sequence data （rbcL and trnL-F）

Marattioid ferns are an ancient lineage of primitive vascular plants that first appeared in the middle Carboniferous. Extant members are almost exclusively restricted to tropical regions, and the spe- cies-rich family Angiopteridaceae are limited in their distribution to the eastern hemisphere; relation- ships within the group are currently vague. Here the phylogenetic relationship between Angiopteris Hoffm. and Archangiopteris Christ et Gies. was evaluated based on the sequence analysis of chloro- plast rbcL gene and trnL-F intergenic spacer with MEGA2 and MrBayes v3.0b4. On the basis of the phy- logenetic pattern and fossil record, we further estimated the divergence time for the two genera. The phy- logenetic trees revealed that all species of Angiopteris and Archangiopteris in this study formed a monophyletic group with strong statistical support, but the relationship between the two genera re- mained unresolved based on individual sequence analysis. On the other hand, the sequence analyses of combined data set revealed that Archangiopteris species diverged first, indicating that Archangiop- teris may not be a direct derivative as traditionally assumed. The clade of Angiopteris and Archan- giopteris appears to have diversified in the late Oligocene (≈26 Ma) based on the molecular estimate. Thus, the evolutionary history of extant Angiopteris and Archangiopteris has been characterized by ancient origin and recent diversification, and these groups are not relic and endangered lineages as traditionally considered.     

On the Historical and Literary Interaction in the Ancient Novels Created and Accumulated Collectively——Based on the Analysis of the Evolution of the Relationship between Song Jiang's Uprising and the Liangshan Marsh

世代累积型小说文史互渗是这样一种重要的文化现象:小说以一定历史事件为依托,在特定历史文化背景下整合相同或相似的历史故事、民间传说而渐次累积定型,在这个发展过程中,历史事件嬗变为虚构的文学作品;而文学作品一旦获得比较稳定的形态后又通过大众传播反向影响历史事件的书写,从而形成历史与文学的双向渗透.产生这一文化现象的根本原因在于传统文化的重史征实思维特征、古代小说“补史之缺”的审美文化心理和大众传播的舆论导向效应.     

A Comparative Analysis on Testing Stability of Seed Coat Neps （SCN） Number and Size with AFIS and Premier aQura

This paper makes a comparative analysis of testing stability of seed coat neps (SCN) number and size with Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS) and aQura.After testing the number and size of SCN in sliver produced by two different experiments (twelve plans in each experiment)with AFIS and aQura,the test results are analyzed with the theory of statistical analysis and the following conclusions are drawn:(1) the testing stability of SCN number and size of aQura is better than that of AFIS;(2) to get a reli...     

Structural diversity and reactivity of d^10 metal- （4-pyridylthio）acetate system

The hydrothermal synthesis and crystal structures of four coordination polymers, namely, 2D [Zn（μ3-ta）（pytaH）]n （1）, 2D [Zn（μ3-pyta）Cl]n （2）, 1D [Cd（μ-pyta）2（H2O）]n （3）, and 3D [Cd（μ3-pyta）（μ-Cl）]n （4） （pyta = （4-pyridylthio）acetate, ta = thioglycolate）, are reported. They are based on （4-pyridylthio）acetate and its derived ligand. The ta^2- ligand present in 1 was generated from an in situ C（sp^2）-S bond cleavage of the pyta ligand. In these compounds, versatile intermolecular interactions, such as close S…S interactions and strong （O-H…O/N/S） or weak （C-H…O/S, C-H…Cl） hydrogen bonding interactions, play an important role in the formation of three-dimensional supramolecular networks in the solid state.     

Bayesian mixed models and divergence time estimation of Chinese cavefishes （Cyprinidae： Sinocyclocheilus）

The genus Sinocyclocheilus is distributed in Yun-Gui Plateau and its surrounding region only, within more than 10 cave species showing different degrees of degeneration of eyes and pigmentaUon with wonderful adaptations. To present, published morphological and molecular phylogenetic hypotheses of Slnocyclocheilus from prior works are very different and the relationships within the genus are still far from clear. We obtained the sequences of cytochrome b （cyt b） and NADH dehydrogenase subunlt 4 （ND4） of 34 species within Sinocyclocheilus, which represent the most dense taxon sampling to date. We performed Bayesian mixed models analyses with this data set. Under this phylogenetic framework, we estimated the divergence times of recovered clades using different methods under relaxed molecular clock. Our phyloegentic results supported the monophyly of Sinocyclocheilus and showed that this genus could be subdivided into 6 major clades. In addition, an earlier finding demonstrating the polyphyletlc of cave species and the most basal position of S. jii was corroborated. Relaxed divergence-time estimation suggested that Sinocyclocheilus originated at the late Miocene, about 11 million years ago （Ma）, which is older than what have been assumed.     

Surface Properties of the Microgels Based on N-isopropylacrylamide and Tert-butyl Acrylate by Using N, N ＇-methylene-bls（acrylamide） and Clay as Cross-linker

Adopting N, N＇-methylene-bis （aculamide） （MBA） and inorganic clay （hectorite） as chemical and physical crosslinking agent, respectively, a series temperature sensitive microgels, based on N-isopropylacrylamide （NIPAM） as a main monomer and tert-butyl acrylate （tBA） as a comonomer were synthesized by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization （SFEP）. The microgel particle size and morphology was investigated by means of Atomic Force Microscope （AFM）. The surface tension of latex particles was measured by OCA 40 Micro Video based contact angle measuring device. The results showed that the particle size of the microgels with clay as cross-linker was smaller than that using MBA as chemical cross-linker, but exterior morphology of physical microgels is not as clean and neat as chemical microgels. In general, surface tension decreases with increasing hydrophobic tBA content. These smart microgels varied with tetnperature have the potential applications in the field of drug delivery and intelligent gel fiber.     

Establishment and cryopreservation of liver, heart and muscle cell lines derived from the Chinese alligator （Alligator sinensis）

The Chinese alligator, Alligator sinensis, is a critically endangered species. A conservation project of gene resources for an endangered species first involves the preservation of organs, tissues, gametes, genomic DNA libraries and cell lines. The present study is the first to establish and cryopreserve cell lines of liver, heart and muscle tissues from the Chinese alligator. The study revealed that there was a large discrepancy in cell migration time in primary cultures among liver (11-12 d), heart (13-14 d) and muscle (17-18 d) tissue pieces. The differences in time in primary cell culture suggested that it was relatively easy to build visceral-derived cell lines for reptiles. Biological analysis showed that the population doubling time for thawed cells was approxi- mately 36 h. Karyotyping revealed that the frequency of Chinese alligator cells showing chromosome number as 2n=32 was 88.6%-93.4%. Chinese alligator cell lines established here provide a vital resource for research and are likely to be useful for protection of this rare and critically endangered species. Furthermore, the establishment of these methods may supply technical and theoretical support for preserving genetic resources at the cellular level for other reptile species.     

词语释义辨疑三题

《荀子劝学》:“……用心一也。……用心躁也。”“用”不是通常的动词意义,而应释为表原因的“由”;《琵琶行》:“感我此言良久立,却坐促弦弦转急。”“转”不当训“变”,宜解作副词“更”; 《孟子·滕文公上》:“且许子何不为陶冶,舍皆取诸其宫中而用之?”“舍”该作疑问代词“啥”,犹言“什么”。     

《现代汉语词典》古词语释义辨考五则

通过语义逻辑推理和历史文献相结合的训诂考证,对《现代汉语词典》(第5版)中,保山城堡后尘卧榻宅第等词条的释义进行剖析,提出了修订意见。     

中国古代咏史诗的历史阐释方式与历史观念

中国古代咏史诗可以归纳为感史诗、述史诗和议史诗这三种主要类型,各自有其不同的历史阐释方式。感史诗更多依赖直观感悟的方式去理解历史、咏叹历史,侧重对历史的整体渲染和直觉判断;述史诗主要以一种克制隐忍的目光来捕捉历史、剪辑历史,委婉地传达诗人的复杂历史情绪;议史诗主要以理性思辨的方式来剖析历史、解读历史,惯于对具体的历史细节进行深入的挖掘和反思。这三种咏史诗的历史阐释方式彼此相互纠结缠绕,体现出中国传统文人对于历史的复杂情绪和在历史观念上的矛盾与思想冲突,即在历史认知观上的＂历史可知观＂和＂历史不可知观＂的矛盾、在历史范畴观上的＂历史有限观＂和＂历史无穷观＂的争议、在历史本质观上的＂史理本质观＂和＂史情本质观＂的分歧。     

《现代汉语词典》古词语释义札记

《现代汉语词典》(第5版)收录了为数不少的古语词,并在释义上取得了不小的成绩,但是仍然存在不少的问题,针对这些问题,我们提出修改意见。     

《现代汉语词典》古词语释义中的括注及始见书括注的不足

《现代汉语词典》（第5版）中的括注是释义的一部分,其准确性是词语释义准确性的保证。在我们总结的几类括注中,《现代汉语词典》皆存在一些错误的地方,本文着重就括注始见书的错误进行了分析,并提出了修改意见。     

通语法以明训诂论略

语言是一个系统,词汇与语法密切相关．训诂学研究的对象是词汇,由于词汇与语法的密切关系,因而明训诂必须通语法．实践证明,词语训诂（含校勘）只有与语法分析结合起来,其正确性才能得到有效保证．     

《背影》"解读"之解读

蒋济永先生在他的对《背影》的解读中出现了以主观替代客观的误读，提出《背影》中的“父亲”的形象实际上是“母亲”的论断，这是错误的。     

对完善我国立法解释程序的探讨

我国现行法律以及全国人大常委会的相关议事规则对全国人大常委会立法解释程序的规定相对比较简单、原则,从而造成了实践中出现立法解释活动处于无序状态、立法解释权出现虚置化的现象、立法解释的权威性与合法性受到削弱等问题。因此,有必要对我国的立法解释程序进行重新构建,以使我国立法解释的提出程序、拟定草案程序、审议程序、表决程序和公布程序得以明确化、规范化。     

基于四值逻辑的汉字图像识别方法

采用定义在汉字图像平面上的四值逻辑函数对汉字图像特征进行定量描述,建立汉字图像特征的逻辑表达式。通过求解这些表达式的值,即可判断该汉字是否具有某种特征,从而得到一种汉字图像识别的新方法。     

汉字识别及现状分析

就汉字识别及特征提取方法作了概要性介绍，然后通过对汉字识别现状的调查和分析，提出了在目前汉字识别领域中应侧重的研究工作，具有一定的指导意义。