甘蔗糖蜜酒精高产酵母的发酵特性研究

采用20L三联装发酵罐进行甘蔗糖蜜高浓度酒精发酵研究高产酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)MF1001菌株的甘蔗糖蜜酒精发酵特性。结果表明,锤度为20°Bx的糖蜜对菌株生长和发酵均没影响,发酵的适宜温度为30℃,pH值4.0的发酵效果明显优于pH值3.80,传代培养16代及不同的接种量对菌株的发酵没有影响。按目前甘蔗糖蜜酒精生产的发酵工艺,用锤度为20°Bx糖蜜培养基培养菌株,制备种子液,然后将种子液与锤度为55°Bx的糖蜜培养基1∶1混合进行发酵,发酵50h的醪液酒精含量达到了13.2%(V/V),60h达13.8%(V/V),72h达14.3%(V/V)。发酵结束时醪液可发酵残糖含量低至0.44%,发酵效率分别为理论值88.6%(50h)、94.3%(60h)和98.6%(72h)。该菌株有望用于甘蔗糖蜜酒精发酵生产,提高甘蔗糖蜜酒精发酵的醪液酒精含量。     

小麦粉清液酒精发酵工艺研究

通过正交试验得到了小麦粉清夜酒精发酵的优化工艺条件：料水比1：3．1,TH-AADY接种量0.9‰,0～8h温度控制为32～34℃,8-20h温度控制在38～40℃,发酵周期56h;此条件下发酵乙醇生产能力高达0．1035g／ml发酵液,发酵效率达90．3％．     

酿酒酵母高产菌株的木薯酒精产业化生产试验

【目的】对酿酒酵母高产菌株Ygxas-49木薯酒精产业化应用进行试验。【方法】先在200t发酵罐进行分批发酵,对该菌株的各个发酵指标进行评估,再将可行的方案进一步放大至年产12万t酒精生产线上进行生产稳定性试验,最后为考察该菌在产业化应用上的潜力,在200t发酵罐进行高浓度酒精发酵试验。【结果】200t发酵罐分批发酵结果表明:与生产对照菌株相比,酒度提高8.92%,发酵时间减少12h以上,其他发酵指标基本相同。采用该菌株生产酒精可以提高酒度,大大节约发酵时间,增加设备利用率,从而降低酒精生产成本。12万t酒精生产线稳定运行30d结果表明:与生产对照菌株相比,酒度提高5.35%,发酵时间减少10h以上,其他发酵指标基本相同。200t发酵罐高浓度酒精发酵结果:酒度为15.1%(V/V),发酵时间为56h,与目前文献报道最高生产水平(酒度13.5%,V/V;发酵时间69h)相比,酒度提高11.85%,发酵时间缩短13h。【结论】Ygxas-49菌株应用于工业化生产,各项工艺指标均显著优于国内目前最高水平,具有良好的工业化应用前景。     

适合能源甘蔗酒精发酵酵母生理及发酵特性的研究

以甘蔗汁作为培养基,研究了酿酒酵母Y01的生理及酒精发酵特性.结果表明:该菌株能够发酵蔗汁产生酒精,蔗糖酶活性为237.84 μmol/min*mL.其最适生长温度为30 ℃,代时为1.8 h,最适发酵温度为32 ℃.可耐受体积分数为14%的酒精、质量分数为35%的糖.以质量分数为18%的甘蔗汁作为发酵培养基,发酵72 h后,发酵液中酒精体积分数可达10.63%.     

三株甘蔗糖蜜酒精发酵高产酵母菌株的筛选

从甘蔗糖厂的废弃物中筛选到3株甘蔗糖蜜酒精发酵高产菌株MF1001、MF1002和MF1003,经rDNAITS序列同源比对鉴定为酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)的不同菌株。3个菌株均可以完全利用葡萄糖和蔗糖,部分利用棉子糖和半乳糖,均不能利用乳糖和木糖。MF1001发酵甘蔗糖蜜的残糖含量明显低于目前使用的生产菌株,略低于标准测定菌株CICC31149和CICC31279,MF1002和MF1003的残糖含量略低于目前使用的生产菌株。与生产菌株相比,3个菌株在甘蔗糖蜜的生长速率略低,但是维持高菌数的时间较长。按目前甘蔗糖蜜酒精生产的发酵工艺,3个菌株30℃发酵72h的醪液酒精含量分别为14.26%(V/V)、14.48%(V/V)和13.50%(V/V),比目前生产使用的菌株高19.5%~28.6%;37℃发酵40h的醪液酒精含量分别为12.03%(V/V)、12.06%(V/V)和12.14%(V/V),比目前生产使用的菌株高10.0%~11.7%。这3个菌株具有提高甘蔗糖蜜发酵醪液酒精含量的潜在工业价值。     

甘蔗糖蜜酒精高产酵母菌株MF1001的高浓发酵生产试验

以甘蔗糖蜜酒精高产菌株MF1001为生产菌株,采用双流加酸性连续发酵工艺进行工业化高浓度甘蔗糖蜜酒精发酵生产试验,连续发酵15d.发酵生产线共9个发酵罐,发酵温度由1～4号罐的内置式盘管循环水控制,依次为30～32℃(1号罐)、34～36℃(2号、3号罐)、30～32℃(4号罐)、(33～35)℃(5号、6号罐)、(3...     

变温控制工艺在阿维菌素发酵中的应用

本实验针对在阿维菌素发酵过程不同阶段,采用变温控制对发酵效价的影响进行了研究。结果表明,在发酵过程前期(0～72h)温度控制在28.0±0.5℃,中期(73h～168h)提高温度至29.0±0.5℃,发酵后期(168h～240h)温度控制在28.0±0.5℃,得到的发酵液平均效价提高18.7%。     

残次婆枣醋的发酵工艺研究

以残次婆枣为原料,采用液体发酵方式酿造枣醋.在单因素试验的基础上选取初始糖度、发酵温度、发酵时间、接种量为自变量,以酒精度和残糖的变化为主要指标进行正交优化试验,研究了液态发酵酿造枣醋前期酒精发酵的最佳工艺条件.结果表明,酒精发酵最佳温度为30℃,时间48 h,酵母菌接种量0.2%(V/V),初始糖度10%,在此条件下发酵后酒精含量可达11.9%(V/V).其次,在单因素试验的基础上选取初始酒精浓度、醋酸菌接种量、发酵液装液量、发酵温度为自变量,醋酸含量为检测指标,通过正交试验分析,确定液态发酵酿造枣醋的醋酸发酵最佳工艺参数.结果表明,醋酸发酵最佳条件为醋酸菌接种量10%(V/V)、初始酒精度14%(V/V)、发酵液装液量30%(V/V)、温度30℃,在此条件下枣醋醋酸含量为38.5 g/L.     

稻草秸秆同时糖化法制燃料酒精工艺条件

以稻草秸秆为原料,对影响同时糖化法生产酒精的发酵温度、发酵时间、接种量、接种比例及纤维素酶用量等因素进行了优化研究。结果表明,稻草秸秆经过机械粉碎及稀硫酸预处理后,当发酵温度为38℃、接种量为10%、纤维素酶用量为40 IU/g、管囊酵母与酿酒酵母的接种比例为2∶1和发酵时间为72 h的条件下,酒精产率最高(为0.20 g/g稻草秸秆)。     

鲜木薯浓醪酒精发酵工艺研究

为了提高发酵初始总糖浓度,经济地获取液化滤液进行鲜木薯浓醪酒精发酵,对预处理工艺进行了优化。利用α-淀粉酶对鲜木薯浆进行液化、过滤处理,经过单因素和正交试验,得到优化的液化工艺条件:鲜木薯粉碎料水比为1∶1.1,浆料液化的p H为6.2,在95℃以上保温75min,液化酶用量为4 U/g鲜木薯。在此工艺条件下鲜木薯液化固形物得率为93.8%。将鲜木薯与上述工艺得到的液化滤液按1∶1.2比例混合后粉碎,得到初始总糖含量在22%(w/v)以上的鲜木薯浆料,再进行浓醪酒精发酵试验,发酵成熟醪酒度可达13.1%(v/v)。结论:上述预处理工艺能够有效提高鲜木薯发酵醪的初始总糖浓度,达到用鲜木薯进行浓醪酒精发酵目的。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-