图式理论对专业精读口语教学的启示

对于口语教学，图式理论有两点重要的启示：一方面，可通过针对性训练培养学习者在大脑中形成相关语音图式的能力，为后面的话语输出奠定基础；另一方面，应多进行说的练习，训练发音器官，把大脑发出的图式信息内容转换成语音形式。就如何运用图式理论指导口语教学，提出了若干意见：     

与结构选择性注意相关的早内源性成分

在模拟自阅读模式下，研究了被试选择性注意结构不同字符时的事件相关脑电位，直接提供取出了与选择注意相关的较早内源性成分，并确定了Ｐ３００是代表大脑紧张后的松懈行为。     

睡眠剥夺对脑认知和脑电复杂性的影响

为研究睡眠对大脑功能的影响，考察了正常睡眠与睡眠剥夺情况下脑认知能力的变化，分析了两种状态下自发脑电和事件相关电位复杂性的差异．通过事件相关电位P300的潜伏期与幅度反映不同状态下的脑认知能力，采用小波熵方法分析其复杂性．实验采用数字脑电图仪记录19导脑电信号，用OB序列诱发视觉事件相关电位．结果发现，睡眠剥夺组的靶刺激反应时间明显增长，而P300幅度显著降低、潜伏期明显增加；小波熵分析结果表明，与正常睡眠组比较，睡眠剥夺组自发脑电的256点小波熵和事件相关电位的32点小波熵均值都显著降低．故得出结论：睡眠剥夺对人的认知和脑电复杂性均产生了负向影响．因此，睡眠对维持大脑的功能具有重要作用．     

人类与猕猴大脑的同源脑区研究综述

探索大脑的结构和功能是本世纪最前沿的科学问题。灵长类动物的大脑之间具有较高的相似性,研究结果可以进行物种间的推广。由于对人类大脑进行生物实验受到诸多限制,研究者越来越关注非人灵长类动物大脑研究。通过综述大脑研究中人类和猕猴的同源脑区相关研究的进展情况。收集整理已发表的各类大脑图谱相关文章,筛选出适合人猴大脑同源性研究使用的图谱。对跨物种比较研究中提及的可能具有同源性的脑区进行梳理,根据采用的研究方法进行筛选,总结出25对同源关系较为明确的人类和猕猴大脑同源区域及其标记图谱。有助于研究人员进一步探索大脑工作机制。     

脑神经科学对音乐教育的启示

随着脑科学研究的深入,越来越多的教育者开始关注大脑发展的敏感期和可塑性,以及相关研究成果在音乐教育领域的应用与转化。该文阐述了大脑发育的"机会之窗"与早期教育的重要性,以及大脑发展的"可塑性"与终身教育的意义,并探寻脑科学的研究成果对音乐教育的启示。     

迄今最高精度的大脑网络地图出炉

一支国际科研小组最近创建出首张完整的大脑网络地图，它的精细程度无与伦比。该图反映了人类大脑皮层中负责高等思维的数百万神经纤维，如何相互连接和“交谈”。更为重要的突破是，研究人员从中确定出了一个大脑单一网络核心（network core），它对于左右脑半球的工作都至关重要。新研究标志着人类在理解自身最复杂和最神秘器官上的一大进步．相关论文发表在6月30日的《科学公共图书馆·生物学》（PLOS Biology）上。     

沉思可延缓衰老

一项研究结果让科学家都感到惊讶，沉思不仅能使人耳聪目明，还能延缓衰老，永葆青春。在对一些志愿者进行沉思训练的研究中，科学家发现，他们的大脑右半球皮层在深思后出现了明显的不同。这种不同主要体现在大脑皮层中与感觉、听力和视力相关的部位明显增厚，而且是永久性的增厚。尤其神奇的是，沉思使这些人的大脑中与衰老有关的皮层不再像往常那样快速变薄，而且减慢了变薄的速度。     

附录：关于银杏的相关研究

银杏最大的功效是增强大脑的功能、增强记忆、提高注意力、预防老年痴呆症。银杏的这些功能是通过促进大脑血液循环而得到的，而大脑对氧气的缺乏相当敏感。大脑需要持续不断的得到氧气和葡萄糖，而这就需要通过血液循环来实现。强健的血液循环系统在当今显得尤为重要，工作紧张、嗜烟酗酒以及其它因素共同作用钝化了大脑的记忆、警觉等功能。     

道德认知神经科学对道德教育的启示

道德教育在教育中占有极其重要的地位.新兴学科--道德认知神经科学研究发现了大脑中与道德相关的神经网络,对理性在道德功能中的地位进行了重新审视,特别强调情绪和直觉在道德功能中的重要作用,提出了独特的道德发展观和整合的道德教育体系.该学科认为道德为大脑的功能之一,良好的道德需要健全的大脑、理性的思辨、健康的情感反应和敏锐的直觉判断,这些发现对如何进行有效的道德教育有着重要的启示和实践价值.     

大运动量训练后大脑机能迅速恢复的简易法

通过对大运动量训练后大脑工作能力下降的原因分析和实验对比，找出了一种简便易行、迅速恢复大脑工作机能状态的方法。对解决多年来一直困惑着高校运动队学生大运动量训练后，大脑工作能力下降不能集中精力学习的问题，起到了一定的作用     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that