Uptake of D-glucose anomers by rat retina

Summary Uptake ofd-glucose anomers by isolated rat retina was studied. After 3 min incubation at 37°C in the presence of or anomer (750 g/ml), a significantly greater uptake (1.32 mg/g wet tissue) of -anomer was observed compared with that of -d-glucose (1.11 mg/g wet tissue). This result and other data suggest that the carrier ford-glucose transport in the retina prefers the -anomer stereospecifically.Acknowledgment. The authors are grateful to Mr S. Suzuki for his technical assistance.     

Il punto nella terminologia matematica greca

Summary In this note we claim that the two words and , which were used in Greece to indicate the geometrical point, had both been introduced in the scientific language in the first half of the IV^th century B.C., and that they became popular independently of each other in two different cultural circles, those of philosophy and of mathematics, respectively.We propose therefore, in contrast to a conjecture by Heiberg, a new explanation for the predominance of during the golden age of Greek mathematics and for the resurgence of during the period of decadence.

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Memoria presentata da A. Seidenberg     

Giant pigment granules in dermal melanocytes of rat scrotal skin

Summary Giant melanosomes, ellipsoidal (1.5 m×1.3 m) or spherica (1.1 m–1.4 m in diameter) exist in the scrotal skin of the black pelted Long Evans rat. They are longer and wider than normal stage IV melanosomes (0.7 ×0.4 m) found in theses dermal melanocytes.The authors acknowledge with gratitude, the technical assistance of Evelyn Ann Flynn. This work was supported by grant AM 20669-16 from the National Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism, and Digestive Diseases, USPHS.     

Repercussions de l'hyperthyroïdie sur le contenu total en ADN du cervelet de rat âgé de 6 et 35 jours. Effets comparés de la LT3 et de la DLT4

Summary The total cerebellar proteins RNA and DNA contents from DLT4- and LT3-treated rats was studied at 6 and 35 days of age. The effect of injections of 5 g/j of DLT4 is comparable to that of 25 g of LT3 at birth, followed by 0.5 g every 2 days. On the other hand, injection of 0.5 g of LT3 every 2 days does not induce any significant modification of the total DNA contents in the cerebellum.     

Geminus and the concept of mean motion in Greco-Latin astronomy

Conclusion Geminus account of lunar motion in chapter 18 of hisIntroductio astronomiae is, in our view, an important contribution to Greco-Latin astronomy because, in attempting to reconstruct arithmetically (the parameters of) the Moon's motion in longitude, he undermines the task astronomers had hitherto set for themselves. This undermining of a commonly acknowledged view of the purpose of astronomy is articulated in a whole new set of questions concerning the nature and place of both observation and mathematical reasoning in the science of the heavens. Yet, one must not overlook the fact thatGeminus reconstruction also indicates resources for addressing these questions. Of these resources, the most powerful proved to be the idea that irregular motion could be quantified as a systematic departure from a mean motion, and the idea that observational data could be organized and structured by means of genetic arithmetical reconstructions.But, since we limit our attention to extant treatises and decline to speculate about works or parts of works that have not survived, we must say that it would takePtolemy to discern the new direction for astronomy thatGeminus opened up and to pursue it. In part, this involved straightening out the conflated conception of mean motion in chapter 18 — the qua arithmetic mean daily displacement can only be anapparent lunar motion in longitude and not one the Moonreally makes, but the same need not be true of the qua periodic mean daily displacement — and determining its proper relation to real and apparent planetary motion. Indeed,Ptolemy's genius lay, we think, in seeing that even though, in assimilating Babylonian astronomy, earlier and contemporary Greco-Latin writers betrayed a confused, inconsistent, and unsophisticated grasp of the proper role of arithmetic, geometry, and observation in astronomical argument [seeBowen 1994], the solution lay in a mathematical reconstruction of the observed celestial motions, in which mean motion played an essential role.     

Deciduogenic effects of mediators of the polyphosphatidylinositol pathway in pseudopregnant mice

Intraluminal injections (15 l) of either concanavalin A (125 g) or ionophore A 23187 (0.01 mol) induced a decidual cell reaction (DCR) in the uterus of day 4.5 pseudopregnant mice. However, when these agents were administered in different combinations with each other or with CaCl₂ (15 mol) and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (1.6 nmol), interacting effects occurred to either enhance or inhibit each of the others' independent deciduogenic capacities. The results suggest that the polyphosphatidylinositol pathway and Ca²⁺ are involved in the induction of the DCR in mice with complex interactions occurring between the active components of the pathway to modulate the outcome of the transformation process.     

Unusual antimicrobial compounds fromAeollanthus buchnerianus

Using bioassay guided isolation, three novel 12 carbon polyoxygenated fatty acids and a novel abietane diterpene have been isolated from the the chloroform extract of aerial parts ofAeollanthus buchnerianus (Lamiaceae). Rigorous spectroscopic methods were used for compound identification. (Z,Z)-8-acetoxy-5-hydroxydodeca-2,6-dienoic acid and (Z,Z)-5,8-dihydroxydodeca-2,6-dienoic acid inhibited the spore germination ofCladosporium cucumerinum (both with Minimum Inhibitory Dose (MID) values of 1 g) andAspergillus niger (MID 5 and 25 g respectively). Further, they also reduced the hyphal growth ofPythium ultimum. (Z)-5-hydroxy-6,7,8-triacetoxydodeca-2-dienoic acid exhibited short term inhibition of the growth ofCladosporium cucumerinum. The novel abietane diterpenoid, (rel)-14-acetoxyabiet-7-en-18-oic acid inhibited the growth of the gram positive bacteriaBacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus andStreptomyces scabies (MIC values 80, 20 and 20 g ml^–1 respectively).     

Dopamine and cerebral cortical blood flow in the rat

Summary Dopamine topically applied to the cerebral cortex (1–20 g/ml) or administered i.v. (0.5–64 g/kg/min) has no effects on cerebral cortical blood flow in the rat.     

Stimulation of histamine synthesis in rat mast cells by compound 48/80 in vitro

Summary The histamine content of rat peritoneal fluid cells is doubled within 20 min by 0.5 g/ml of compound 48/80. Histamine catabolism inhibitors do not reproduce this effect; cells pre-incubated with -fluoromethylhistidine are unresponsive to compound 48/80 which therefore activates pre-formed histidine decarboxylase rather than inducing it. Non-mast cells showed no change after treatment with compound 48/80.     

The “day of Brahman” in the work of Āryabhata

Summary In the astronomical treatise ryabhatya of ryabhata several verses are interpolated, namely all those verses in which either Brahman was mentioned or extremely large periods were introduced. The interpolator was known to AlBrn as ryabhata of Kusumapura, who belongs to the school of the elder ryabhata. The aim of the interpolator was to bring the teaching of the elder ryabhata into accordance with the revelation of Svayambh. Svayambh is another name for Brahm.     

Inhibition of the growth of cariogenic bacteria in vitro by plant falvanones

Phytoalexins, defensive compounds produced by plants against microbial infections, were purified fromSophora exigua (Leguminosae) and their growth inhibitory effects on oral cariogenic bacteria were determined in vitro. Among three isolated compounds, 5,7,2,4-tetrahydroxy-8-lavandulylflavanone completely inhibited the growth of oral bacteria including primary cariogenic mutans streptococci, other oral streptococci, actinomycetes, and lactobacilli, at concentrations of 1.56 to 6.25 g/ml.     

The tonically acting pulmonary receptors innervated by C fibres

. , , , , . (, ) . . .     

The dopamine autoreceptor agonist B-HT 920 markedly stimulates sexual behavior in male rats

Summary B-HT 920, a selective agonist at dopamine (DA) autoreceptors, strongly increased the incidence of penile erections (PE) in male rats, an effect which was dose-related and antagonized by haloperidol. B-HT 920 at 100 and 200 g/kg i.p. significantly altered the copulatory pattern of sexually active male rats, reducing the number of mounts and intromissions as well as the latency to the first ejaculation, a stimulant effect which was confirmed in sluggish males at a dose of 100 g/kg.     

Inhibition and stimulation by 5-bromodeoxyuridine of erythropoiesis by chick blood island cells

Summary Erythropoiesis in liquid cultures of cell populations resolved from chick blastodiscs at the primitive streak and head-fold stages was totally inhibited by 5–8 g/ml of 5-bromodeoxyuridine. However, concentrations of 0.2 /ml of the nucleoside enhanced the number of erythroid cells formed.This work was supported by grants from the Medical Research Council and National Research Council of Canada. We thank MissesK. Beall andN. N. McGrath for technical assistance. S. D. W. is an Associate of the Medical Research Council.     

Structural changes accompanying the reversible cold inactivation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from rat skeletal muscle

qm -3- , 4° 0,15M NaCl, 5M , 4M - pH=7,6, ( 275–295 , –b _o , A ₁₉₃ , –A₂₂₅). , +20° 0.15M H₂PO₄.     

Failure of somatostatin to influence experimental tumor cell growth in vivo and in vitro

Summary The influence of somatostatin on tumor cell growth was studied in vivo in mice (sarcoma 180 ascites tumor and Lewis lung tumor) and in vitro on nontransformed and polyoma-transformed cell lines. 4 or 20 g/100 g of cyclic somatostatin and 4 g/100 g of linear protamin Zn-bound somatostatin were injected s.c. twice daily in the in vivo study. Cyclic somatostatin (1, 4 or 10 g/ml) was added twice daily to the cell cultures. Somatostatin administration influenced neither the survival of animals nor the growth rate of cultured cell lines. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A2025117 00011     

The levels of metallothionein-like proteins in animal tissues

Summary The level of metallothionein-like proteins was determined in different tissues of 6 animal species. The highest concentrations were found in pig and rat tissues. The organs richest in metallothionein-like proteins included: kidneys (101–305 g/g), intestine (127–257 g/g) and liver (54–496 g/g).Studies performed under the Polish-American agreement 05-009-2 with National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, PHS, USA.     

X-ray research for polycrystals. The formation geometry of instrumental width of the diffractional line at the investigation of the polycrystals in the translucent X-rays

: , , , - , ().     

Different effects of D-glucose anomers for respiration of bacterial germinated spores

Summary Effects of - or -D-glucose on the respiration of germinated spores (only germinated spores not including swollen spores and elongated spores) ofBacillus subtilis andB. megaterium were studied. In our conditions, net amount of oxygen consumed by 10¹⁰ germinated spores ofB. subtilis per min after addition of - or -D-glucose was 1.6 g or 6.6 g (/=4.13), while that byB. megaterium was 4.5 g or 6.8 g (/=1.51), respectively. However, the net amounts of oxygen consumed by 10¹⁰ vegetative cells per min after addition of - or -D-glucose were identical, forB. subtilis in both cases 443.0 g and forB. megaterium in both cases 604.4 g.     

Deamination by ‘Transformed’ mitochondrial amine oxidase of the ε-amino group of lysine and selective inhibition of this reaction by β-aminopropionitrile

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