加速碳化条件下界面过渡区的纳米力学性能

为了研究界面过渡区(ITZ)对碳化速率的影响,采用纳米压痕技术研究了不同水胶比试件碳化前后界面过渡区的纳米力学性能演化规律.结果表明,当水胶比λ=0.53和0.35时,试件界面过渡区的平均弹性模量分别由碳化前的29.08和33.21 GPa增加到碳化后的43.72和41.74 GPa,而当λ=0.23时试件碳化后界面过渡区的平均弹性模量则有所降低.同时,各试件界面过渡区的平均硬度在碳化后均有所增大,界面过渡区的尺寸则有所减小.因此,在加速碳化条件下,不同水胶比试件界面过渡区的纳米力学性能存在较大差异,且当λ=0.53时碳化对界面过渡区纳米力学性能的影响最显著.     

超临界CO2条件下混凝土界面过渡区微结构特征演变规律研究

为研究粉煤灰混凝土在超临界碳化前后界面过渡区(interfacial transition zone, ITZ)微结构的演变规律,采用扫描电镜对碳化前后ITZ附近的微观形貌进行了分析,同时构建了ITZ和水泥砂浆的孔隙率与压痕模量的关系模型.通过纳米压痕试验测得ITZ和水泥砂浆的压痕模量,并通过压汞试验测得水泥砂浆的孔隙率,推导出了ITZ的孔隙率.研究结果表明：经过超临界碳化处理后,粉煤灰混凝土界面过渡区变得更加密实.此外,超临界碳化前ITZ孔隙率范围为20%～35%,碳化后ITZ孔隙率范围为10%～26%,相比前者减少了25%～50%.     

碳化作用对再生混凝土界面显微结构的影响

目的研究碳化作用对再生混凝土界面过渡区显微硬度及宽度的影响,从微观层面揭示碳化反应对再生混凝土的作用机理.方法通过显微硬度仪来测量碳化前后再生混凝土多重界面的显微硬度.结果强度等级相同的再生混凝土,经28 d碳化后,老骨料-新浆体界面处显微硬度值增大,界面过渡区宽度不同程度减小;老浆体-新浆体界面的显微硬度有所增大,过渡区宽度略有减小;老骨料-老浆体界面显微硬度的影响规律与老骨料-新浆体界面显微硬度的影响规律基本一致.结论碳化反应能够提高再生混凝土中水泥浆体和界面过渡区的密实程度和显微硬度;强度等级相同的再生混凝土,界面孔隙率的大小以及碳化作用对老骨料-新浆体界面的影响最大,其次是老骨料-老浆体界面,对老浆体-新浆体界面的影响最小.     

再生块体/骨料混凝土中不同界面的碳化性能及孔隙特征

科学把握再生块体/骨料混凝土的耐久性能，是促进该类混凝土工程应用的基础前提。为揭示再生块体/骨料混凝土中石子-砂浆界面、新砂浆-旧砂浆界面的碳化性能，开展了这2类界面以及砂浆基体的快速碳化对比试验，并对新砂浆-旧砂浆界面及其附近的孔隙率进行了背散射电子图像分析。研究发现：无论是石片-砂浆试件还是砂浆-砂浆试件，界面处的碳化深度都大于砂浆基体，且越靠近界面的部位碳化程度也相对越大，呈现出较明显的二维碳化叠加现象；石片-砂浆试件的界面碳化深度为26～46 mm，而砂浆-砂浆试件的界面碳化深度仅为7～15 mm，即与新砂浆-旧砂浆界面相比，石子-砂浆界面的碳化深度明显更大，是抗碳化能力更弱的一类界面；新砂浆的水灰比对新砂浆-旧砂浆界面的碳化性能影响较大，相关的碳化深度降幅介于15%～52%之间，而旧砂浆水灰比对该类界面的碳化性能影响不明显；新砂浆水灰比一定时，新砂浆-旧砂浆界面的孔隙率随着旧砂浆水灰比的改变几乎没有变化，而旧砂浆水灰比一定时，该类界面的孔隙率随着新砂浆水灰比的减小明显降低。实际工程中，通过控制新砂浆的水灰比，可有效改善新砂浆-旧砂浆界面的抗碳化性能。     

掺粉煤灰混凝土强度劣化试验研究

为研究掺粉煤灰混凝土的抗压强度劣化规律,以碎石、水泥、粉煤灰、中砂与自来水为原材料,制备掺粉煤灰混凝土试件。在碳化与干湿循环等环境作用下,利用万能压力试验机,展开试件强度劣化试验。试验结果表明：粉煤灰掺量未超过30%(包含30%)时,试件抗压强度未出现劣化现象;粉煤灰掺量超过30%时,粉煤灰掺量越多,试件抗压强度劣化程度越大。龄期延长,各试件抗压强度均有所提升;增加粉煤灰掺量,会提升试件劈拉强度的劣化程度;延长龄期,会减缓试件劈拉强度的劣化速度。增加水胶比含量,导致试件劈拉、抗压强度劣化程度提升;碳化作用下,试件抗压及劈拉强度有所提升,碳化时间为13 d时,试件抗压及劈拉强度达到峰值;干湿循环作用下,试件的抗压及劈拉强度均会出现劣化情况,粉煤灰掺量为30%时,试件的抗压及劈拉强度均值相对较高。     

碳化与盐雾共同作用下的混凝土氯离子扩散性能

为了探明海洋大气环境下混凝土氯离子侵蚀规律,从氯离子质量分数、氯离子扩散系数、混凝土孔隙结构3个方面讨论了碳化对混凝土氯离子扩散性能的影响.研究结果表明:碳化减缓了混凝土内部氯离子质量分数的衰减,增加了混凝土内部的自由氯离子质量分数,对混凝土的抗氯离子侵蚀性能造成了不利影响.当混凝土水胶比较大时或是掺加粉煤灰后,碳化引起氯离子质量分数增大的现象较为显著;碳化反应虽然造成了混凝土总孔隙率的下降,但会使临界孔径和最可几孔径增大,孔隙连通性提高,因而造成混凝土氯离子扩散系数的增大.     

界面过渡区微力学性质对高周疲劳性能的影响

为了解界面过渡区性质对混凝土高周疲劳性能的影响,采用纳米压痕技术测试了矿渣取代水泥的质量分数分别为0%、30%、50%、80%的混凝土中实际界面过渡区及邻近区域的压痕硬度分布,并测试相应配合比混凝土在不同应力水平下的抗弯疲劳寿命.试验结果显示:随矿渣取代水泥质量分数的增加,基体与界面过渡区之间压痕硬度的差异减少;当应力水平低于0.85时,混凝土的疲劳寿命对数值随基体压痕硬度与界面过渡区压痕硬度的比值的降低而增大;基体与界面过渡区间压痕硬度差异的减少,相对提高界面过渡区抑制疲劳损伤的能力,从而改善混凝土高周疲劳性能.     

界面过渡区对水泥基材料氯离子扩散性能的影响研究

利用RCM加速氯离子扩散法来预测界面过渡区(ITZ)对水泥基材料氯离子扩散性的影响规律.为了初步判断试样界面过渡区的氯离子扩散性能,并且了解骨料类型对水泥基材料传输性能的影响规律,取3种加工成立方体的粗骨料(玄武岩、花岗岩和砂岩)来制备混凝土试件,与相同配比的砂浆基体试样进行对比分析.结果表明,相同配比的情况下,含骨料试件比砂浆试件扩散系数大,且含花岗岩的试样氯离子扩散系数最低,说明界面过渡区对于水泥基材料的氯离子扩散性存在一定影响.能谱元素线分析结果表明,花岗岩与水泥砂浆基体间界面区厚度较小,约为35μm,且比较密实,对水泥基材料的扩散性能影响最小.采用离散单元法建立的三维骨料的随机分布模型,最初的模拟结果可较为直观地分析介质在界面区的扩散路径,并为以后骨料集合体通过扩散路径的长度、迂曲度的变化影响扩散速度的研究工作打下基础.     

再生骨料掺量对混凝土碳化性能的影响

为研究再生骨料掺量对混凝土碳化性能的影响,用不同再生骨料质量取代率为0、30%、50%的再生混凝土(分别记为RC0、RC30和RC50)分析不同取代率下混凝土碳化深度、抗压强度的影响规律,运用扫描电镜分析再生混凝土界面微观形貌在不同碳化时间下的变化,通过显微硬度仪对界面过渡区的显微硬度数值进行检测和分析,探讨碳化作用下再生混凝土微观结构与宏观性能的关系。结果表明：再生骨料掺量越大抗压强度越低,再生混凝土碳化深度越深;通过对比不同类型界面过渡区的抗碳化能力得出,老骨料老浆体界面>骨料新浆体界面>老浆体新浆体界面;再生骨料取代率30%的混凝土界面结构更密实;再生混凝土的微观结构与其宏观性能呈规律性变化,用界面过渡区宽度的变化表征宏观性能的规律更为准确。说明碳化对不同再生骨料掺量混凝土的界面结构优化效果不同,再生骨料掺量越大的混凝土抗碳化性能越差,且用微观结构的变化可以很好地解释宏观性能的变化。     

水泥净浆—砂浆—混凝土的徐变相关性

为分析净浆、砂浆、混凝土徐变规律的相关性,在温度为(20±2)℃、相对湿度(60±5)%的试验条件下,测试了33%荷载水平,水胶比为0.37,磨细矿渣和粉煤灰分别以0%、30%、60%等质量替代水泥时水泥基材料的徐变度。试验结果表明:水泥净浆缺少骨料对徐变的抑制作用,其与混凝土的徐变演变规律存在较大差异。水泥砂浆的时变特性与混凝土非常接近,除粉煤灰掺量为60%以外的各组,矿物掺合料对砂浆徐变的影响程度与其对混凝土徐变的影响程度存在一致性结果。矿物掺合料与基体界面结合情况的SEM图像表明,除粉煤灰掺量为60%时,粉煤灰与基体的界面结合较差,其他4组的界面区无明显缺陷。因此,在研究矿物掺合料等因素对徐变性能的影响规律时,可用砂浆模拟混凝土,但要注意界面结合情况,当界面结合较差时,会对徐变规律的研究带来不可预知的影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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