TECHNOLOGICAL STUDY OF MAGNESIUM BISULFITE KENAF PULP

MATERIALANDEXPERIMENTMaterialChemical composition is different with different materials, origin and different parts of the same plant. In order to find whether Kenaf is fit to magnesium-base bisulfite pulping for writing paper or not, the composition of kenaf was analyzed first.Shown in Table 1.As is shown in Table 2,the length of phloem fiber is about 2.6~2.9mm, shorter than softwood, it is available for papermaking.The width is about 17~19μm,very fit to fiber interlacing, and the …     

不同界面剂对湿接缝混凝土黏结性能影响

为了研究界面剂对湿接缝粘结性能的影响,首先通过力学性能试验,确定硅灰水泥净浆界面剂中硅灰的最佳掺量,再通过劈裂抗拉强度试验、三点弯曲试验和抗剪强度试验,探究普通水泥净浆、硅灰最佳掺量下的水泥净浆、环氧树脂作为界面剂,对湿接缝粘结性能的影响效果。结果表明:硅灰最佳掺量为8%,此时水泥净浆力学性能最优,从抗拉角度和抗剪角度进行分析,不同界面剂对湿接缝粘结性能的影响,由大到小排序均为:环氧树脂界面剂＞掺8%硅灰水泥净浆界面剂＞普通水泥净浆界面剂＞无界面剂,其中普通水泥净浆界面剂对湿接缝粘结性能提升较小,而环氧树脂界面剂和掺8%硅灰水泥净浆界面剂对湿接缝粘结性能提升效果较为明显。     

Mechanism of Kenaf Retting Using Aerobes

The experimental results showed that the duration of microbial retting processing of kenaf fibers by using aerobic microbe was four times shorter than that by using anaerobic microbe. The residual gum percentage, breaking strength, breaking elongation and linear density of aerobic retted kenaf bundle fibers did not show significantly difference with that of anaerobic retted kenaf bundle fibers by ANOVA-Tukey's studentized test at a = 5% except for the softness. The bioenergetic principle and the calculation of the amount of ATP produced during the decomposition processing of kenaf gums were used to explain why the retting duration in the case of using aerobic microbes was much shorter than that of using anaerobic microbes.     

WET STRENGTH PAPER REPULPING: LABORATORY EVALUATION

INTRODUCTIONIn non-wet strength paper, cellulose fibres are held together by hydrogen bonds. In the presence of water, these hydrogen bonds break and paper integrity is lost. Typically, paper treated with wet strength resin retains at least 15% of the paper’s dry strength after complete wetting with water. Paper without resin retains only 2-7% of its dry strength on wetting. The wet strength paper keeps its integrity because of its chemistry. This chemistry also defends it in the pulper…     

乙二醛/尿素树脂的合成及在造纸上的应用

尿醛树脂是一种传统的纸张施胶剂,由于其廉价,而且施强效果明显,因此一直被广泛的应用。但它在生产和使用过程中容易释放出游离甲醛,带来极大的健康危害。该文研究了以乙二醛部分或全部替代甲醛合成脲醛树脂的合成条件以及产物对纸张产生的湿增强效果,并通过光谱分析初步探讨了乙二醛、甲醛、尿素合成脲醛树脂的反应机理及作为纸张湿强剂的湿增强机理     

亚铵法红麻全秆浆制造牛皮箱板纸试验研究

用速生高产红麻全秆,采用亚铵法红麻全秆浆代替木浆生产牛皮箱板纸。质量全部符合国家规定标准。     

非充分灌溉条件下秸秆覆盖对玉米生长的影响

通过温室内田间小区试验,研究了玉米全生育期内不同程度的水分胁迫下秸秆覆盖对玉米生长生育、叶绿素荧光参数及产量的影响.结果表明,秸秆覆盖处理可提高土壤保墒能力,促进玉米植株中后期生长发育以及提高单株叶面积和干物质重;与无覆盖相比,秸秆覆盖处理玉米在正常供水和严重水分胁迫时其产量分别增长4.1%和7.5%;在相同土壤水分处理下,秸秆覆盖对玉米叶片基础荧光无明显的影响;在水分胁迫前以及正常供水、轻度水分胁迫后,秸秆覆盖对叶片最大荧光影响显著.     

Research on Pectase Secreted by Aspergillus Niger Degumming Kenaf Bast Fiber

In this paper, the aerobic metabolism mechanism of Aspergillus Niger （AS 3.3 50 ）, which is the most suitable bacteria for degumming kenaf fiber, is expounded, and macromolecular structure of pectin is also analyzed. The fracture position of the macromolecular chain of kenaf pectin and its outgrowth structure, affected by Endo-PG and Exo-PG are secreted by AS 3. 350 and explored in molecule scale. The optimal value of degumming parameters are fixed： temperature 34 - 36℃, time 48 - 50 h, pH 6.5 - 7.5. Compared with kenaf fibers obtained by natural method, the ones deguntmed by bio-enzymatic method possess of smoother surface, .better. Separation, less impairment and higher strength with. residual pectin percentage of 14.5 %.     

红麻全杆制浆工艺的探讨

红麻kenaf(学名HibiscusCannabinnsL),又名洋麻、野麻、槿麻等,属双子叶植物纲锦葵科木槿属植物[4]。过去红麻作为造纸纤维原料没有能够引起人们的足够重视。近年来,随着世界范围的木材产量大幅度减少和纸的品种范围扩大,木材制浆,特别是针叶木制浆巳远远不能满足日益增长的造纸工业需求,红麻作为一种潜在的制浆造纸原料已越来越引起人们的广泛重视。美国、日本、巴西、印度等国在开发和研究红麻全杆制浆造纸方面做了大量工作。所谓全杆麻,是指韧皮部和木质(芯)部未经分离的麻类原料的全部[4]。研究结果表明,除撕裂度外,红麻硫酸盐桨几乎可以和针叶木硫酸盐浆媲美,很多方面甚至好于阔叶木硫酸盐浆,是一种具有广阔发展前景的制浆造纸原料。     

非木纤维纸浆的抄造性能研究

非木纤维纸浆的抄造特性，是制约进一步开发利用非木纤维资源制浆造纸的原因之一．本研究以红麻杆、甘蔗渣、毛竹和芦苇等非木纤维原料为研究对象，从湿纸幅强度、湿纸幅粘附力和纸浆滤水性能等三个方面，较全面地分析了非木纤维纸浆的抄造特性；提出了用Ａ／Ｓ比概念描述湿纸幅特性的新观点，并对用ＳＦＲ和ＤＡＳ指数等描述纸浆的滤水性能进行了探讨．     

Influence of alkaline treatment and fiber loading on the physical and mechanical properties of kenaf/polypropylene composites for variety of applications

Due to current trend and increasing interest towards natural based fiber products, Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) fibers have been used for the developments of many products. Therefore, Kenaf fiber-reinforced composites have been widely used in engineering and industrial applications. The present work deals with the fabricating and characterization of untreated and treated kenaf/polypropylene (PP)-reinforced composites. Composites of PP reinforced with treated and untreated kenaf fibers were fabricated using the injection molding technique. Different fiber loadings of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 wt% treated and untreated kenaf composites were also prepared. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed on the treated, untreated kenaf fibers and kenaf/PP composites. Moreover, the alkaline-treated kenaf composites exhibit better physical, morphological, and mechanical properties because of the compatibility of kenaf with PP. However, variations in tensile and flexural properties depend on treatment and kenaf fiber contents. The percentage increase in the mechanical properties of the treated kenaf/PP composites relative to that of PP was also measured. In addition, 40 wt% kenaf fiber loading resulted in higher mechanical properties. By contrast, kenaf/PP composite with 50% fiber loading was not successfully prepared because of improper mixing and the burning of kenaf fibers in the PP matrix. To conclude, 40% kenaf/PP composites with superior physical and mechanical properties may be used in variety of applications such as automotive, sports, construction, animal bedding, and mass production industries.     

在潮湿表面上和水中用环氧树脂固化剂的研究

本文报道了用氯磺化聚乙烯与混合二元胺反应的环氧树脂固化剂的合成，并研究了混合二元胺的组成、用量的影响及固化剂的性能。该固化剂固化的环氧树脂具有良好的附着力，柔韧性和冲击强度等，还能使环氧树脂在潮湿表面上和水中良好成膜。     

红麻韧皮纤维生物酶脱胶研究新进展

分析了红麻韧皮纤维胶质组分,从分子水平阐述了生物酶脱胶机理。通过实验确定红麻生物酶脱胶工业化生产工艺流程及参数,为红麻韧皮纤维生物酶脱胶提供理论依据。     

Study On Modification Of Kenaf and Its Spinning Blended With Cotton

This paper deals with the chemical treatment of kenaf fi-ber and the spinning of the kenaf yarn blended with cot-ton. The experimental results show that after being treated by alkli, the properties of kenaf fiber have im-proved obviously, which made it possible to produce the yarn of kenaf blended with cotton. The results are very helpful for the utilization of kenaf fiber.     

提高铁路混凝土在盐类结晶环境下的抗侵蚀能力研究

为提高铁路混凝土在盐类结晶环境下的抗侵蚀能力,以隧道衬砌部位混凝土为研究对象,考察了掺入不同加量的纳米SiO2和引气剂GEM对混凝土质量损失率、相对动弹性模量以及抗压强度耐蚀系数的影响。结果表明：在硫酸盐干湿循环实验条件下,纳米SiO2的加入能够有效降低混凝土试件的质量损失率,并使相对动弹性模量和抗压强度耐蚀系数得到提高,纳米SiO2可以有效提高铁路混凝土的抗硫酸盐侵蚀能力,并且纳米SiO2的加量越大,效果越好。当SiO2的加量20kg/m3时,随着引气剂GEM加量的不断增大,混凝土试件的抗硫酸盐侵蚀能力进一步增强,当引气剂GEM的加量为0.05kg/m3时,混凝土试件在经过180次干湿循环后的质量损失率最小(仅为0.26%),相对动弹性模量(95.9%)和抗压强度耐蚀系数(0.919)最大。纳米SiO2和引气剂GEM的加入能够显著改善铁路混凝土在硫酸盐结晶环境下的抗侵蚀能力。     

复杂地下水环境下石膏质岩的溶蚀特性

石膏质岩具有溶蚀性,在勘察设计阶段应用标准规范对石膏质岩进行围岩分级往往不能满足施工需求.为定量化分析溶蚀对石膏质围岩分级的影响,开展不同循环次数(1、 3、 6、 10次)和不同流速(0、 10、 20 L·h^-1)的干湿循环实验;通过单轴压缩实验,探究石膏质岩在不同流速和干湿循环次数下的力学参数劣化规律.选取BQ值作为围岩分级修正的基础,将单轴抗压强度作为修正指标;建立流速和干湿循环耦合作用下单轴抗压强度折减系数的三维拟合函数,与围岩分级公式相结合,并考虑干湿循环的最大化影响,提出考虑石膏质岩溶蚀性的围岩分级修正方法.结果表明：随着流速和干湿循环次数的增加,单轴抗压强度、单轴抗压强度折减系数持续下降,但下降的比例越来越小;流速和干湿循环次数的耦合作用与单轴抗压强度、单轴抗压强度折减系数均具有良好的相关性,三维拟合函数曲面呈“下凹”状.该研究结果可为考虑石膏质岩溶蚀性的围岩分级提供一种可行的计算方法.     

黄、洋麻配麻方法的探索

本文提出了反映原料品质的配麻品质指标的概念,并通过实验,探索了配麻品质指标与细纱品质指标之间的关系,举例阐述了“配麻品质指标=K×细纱品质指标”的配麻新方法。结果表明,细纱品质指标与配麻品质指标呈线性关系;运用配麻品质指标法确定黄、洋麻的混纺配比,可以得到合乎要求的细纱品质指标;不同的原料品种和纺纱细度有着不同的K值分布。     

洋麻芯刨花板的试制

洋麻(Hibiscus cannabinus)是一种传统的造纸纤维作物。笔者利用洋麻芯分别试制了单层和 3 层结构刨花板,单层结构采用3% pMDI或6% PF的施胶量,设计密度为0.25~0.85 g/cm3;3层结构刨花板采用施胶量3% pMDI,设计密度为 0.85 g/cm3,粗细刨花分层铺装,表芯层原料质量比分别为 3∶7,5∶5, 和2∶1。分析了板的常规物理力学性能(MOE,MOR,IB,TS,LE)及端面密度梯度(VDP)。结果表明:采用洋麻芯为原料制造的刨花板,具有较好的力学性能,但吸湿变形明显,这主要决定于密度和施胶量两大因子;单层结构具有非对称性;采用“细-粗-细”的分层结构可以有效改善单层结构的不对称性,表芯比为 5∶5 时3层结构刨花板的综合性能最佳。     

有机地表覆盖物在城市绿化建设中的作用

阐述了有机地表覆盖物在城市绿化建设中的作用，包括：调节地温，防止水土流失，改善土壤生物、理化性状，防风固土，抑制杂苹生长，防止土壤盐渍化。同时分析了有机地表覆盖物使用中存在的问题并提出了相应的解决方案。     

一种内疏水型透水混凝土的研制

将疏水剂引入透水混凝土中,研制一种内疏水型透水混凝土.采用正交试验,以28 d抗压强度和透水系数为试验指标,研究孔隙率、水灰比、疏水剂种类3个因素及不同水平对内疏水型透水混凝土性能的影响;通过极差分析及综合平衡法,分析各因素影响的主次关系,得出最优方案为孔隙率20%,水灰比0.28,荷叶疏水剂;通过对比试验可知,在最优方案下,掺入4%疏水剂较不掺入疏水剂混凝土强度提高28.9%.