BDS/GPS实时钟差估计及其精度分析

全球卫星导航系统(global navigation satellite system, GNSS)实时精密单点定位(precise point positioning, PPP)具有实时、广域定位的优点,目前在应用中存在实时钟差估计精度低的问题。文章利用平方根信息滤波(square root information filter, SRIF)实现实时卫星钟差滤波估计,采用全球80个国际GNSS服务(International GNSS Service, IGS)和多模GNSS试验跟踪网(Multi-GNSS Experiment, MGEX)的测站数据进行实时估钟,估钟结果与德国地球科学研究中心(GeoForschungsZentrum, GFZ)事后钟差进行对比,GPS钟差精度约为0.27 ns,北斗卫星导航系统(BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, BDS)地球静止轨道(Geostationary Earth Orbit, GEO)卫星为1.37 ns,倾斜地球同步轨道(Inclined Geosynchronous Orbit, IGSO)卫星...     

GPS/Galileo组合区域增强PPP算法与评估

为了提高区域增强精密单点定位(PPP)系统参考站端非差模糊度的固定效率,设计了一种改进的GPS/Galileo组合区域增强PPP参考站和用户端的核心算法,提出了以消除接收机相关误差的固定单差模糊度作为约束,辅助非差模糊度固定的方法.研究了算法中基准与偏差项在参考站与用户间和不同参数间传递的过程,明确了大气延迟改正数中包含混合基准的具体成分.利用美国CORS站网的观测数据进行区域增强PPP模糊度固定解算实验,评估了GPS/Galileo组合系统可提供的解算效果及其相对于GPS单系统的增益.结果表明:相较于GPS单系统,当使用组合系统时用户PPP模糊度成功固定率提高4.5％,达到96.1％,可以在全天绝大多数时间提供正常服务,同时正确固定率提高2.9％;模糊度固定所需的时间节省了约13％.     

不同测量型接收机观测数据质量对比分析

针对不同全球定位系统(GNSS)测量型接收机观测数据质量差异问题,基于国内外5款GNSS测量型接收机的实测数据,从数据完整率、载噪比、多路径误差和周跳比指标对各接收机观测数据质量进行评估.实验结果表明:综合数据完整率、载噪比和周跳比看,JAVAD TRE_3接收机数据质量优于TRIMBLE NETR9、SEPT POL...     

GPS/BDS卫星钟差融合解算模型及精度分析

为推动实时高精度定位技术的发展,文章通过构建历元差分模型,实现了对全球定位系统(Global Positioning System,GPS)与北斗卫星导航系统(BeiDou Navigation Satellite System,BDS)精密卫星钟差的融合估计,并选取全球均匀分布的45个地面跟踪站进行仿实时钟差解算实验。结果表明:自估GPS和BDS钟差与国际全球卫星导航系统服务(International GNSS Service,IGS)事后精密钟差产品的二次差标准差分别优于0.2、0.4 ns,平均精度为0.11、0.19 ns;基于自估钟差的GPS静态和动态精密单点定位(precise point positioning,PPP)精度分别优于2、15 cm,BDS静态和动态PPP精度分别优于5、40 cm,均可满足用户dm级定位需求。     

GPS/BDS/GLONASS组合系统相对定位选星算法

通过分析多系统相对精度衰减因子(RDOP)与选星数的关系,借鉴选星前后几何精度衰减因子(GDOP)差值随选星数变化的负指数衰减模型,利用从苏州获取的卫星数据,对选星前后的RDOP差值与选星数的关系进行了分析。根据可见星的空间分布规律,提出了一种基于卫星高度角和方位角进行分区筛选的快速选星算法;并利用从河南获取的卫星数据对该算法进行了验证。结果表明,该算法具有良好的稳定性,相比于最小RDOP法,以损失少量的精度换取了计算量大幅度的减少。     

基于TGD/DCB改正的BDS多频单点定位精度分析

文章研究不同频点的无电离层组合模型中时间群延迟(time group delay,TGD)和差分码偏差(differ-ential code bias,DCB)对定位结果影响的差异,给出了北斗卫星导航系统(BeiDou Navigation Satellite System,BDS)双频/三频无电离层组合TGD和DCB...     

GPS对流层延迟的历元间差分分析

GPS(Global Positioning System)观测难免受到各种因素的影响,虽然可以通过不同观测组合和改正模型予以消弱,但总有一定的残留误差对定位结果产生影响.基于精密单点定位理论,通过无电离层组合模型、高精度GPS卫星轨道、卫星钟差来削弱电离层延迟误差、轨道误差的影响,以不同采样间隔的观测数据,分析对流层延迟历元间差分结果的特性;分析不同采样间隔观测中,对流层延迟历元间差分值的变化,对流层延迟对历元间差分观测值的影响;残留误差对历元间差分结果、组合观测值的影响;残留误差在时间序列上的变化.     

智能手持终端GNSS数据解码方式及质量分析

手持设备的高精度定位对于各类位置服务及行业应用具有重要意义,利用安卓系统接口可获取GNSS原始观测,从信噪比、完整率、伪距多路径、周跳比这几个技术指标可对数据质量进行评价,选取小米K30智能手机与测量型接收机及工业级接收机进行横向对比。实验结果表明,目前智能手机可以跟踪多系统卫星但只能输出部分卫星的双频数据,卫星数据的信噪比平均值比专业接收机低7 d B左右,数据完整率约为90%左右,开阔环境下的伪距多路径大于1 m,载波相位观测值周跳非常频繁,研究结果为低成本高精度定位算法设计提供了参考。     

GPS精密单点定位误差源的分析

本文介绍了GPS简单测量原理与其结构组成,主要对GPS精密单点定位的误差源做了进一步的阐述,在今后研究如何提高单点定位精度和在建立误差改正模型时应考虑的问题有一个大致的介绍。     

Precise GPS/GNSS positioning solution for airborne data acquisition systems

The precise positioning of aircrafts during flights belongs to the great challenges with respect to the development of airborne data acquisition systems. Satellite positioning systems like GPS offers a unique capability for precise positioning but requires in depth knowledge of GPS in airborne applications, e.g.GPS for high dynamic application, integration of GPS with other sensors, dynamic behaviour of aircrafts or antenna location. For its positioning reference system of Flight Inspection systems Aerodata AG has developed a robust GPS carrier phase ambiguity solution P-DGPS, Precise Differential GPS combined with complementary sensors like INS, barometers, radio altimeters or laser altimeters as well as laser trackers. Using recorded data during the flight the algorithm offers also the capability to calculate more accurate positions in post-processing. The presented sensor fusion algorithm using GPS without differential corrections (SGPS, standalone GPS) offers a precise height reference solution for approach calibration based only on aircraft-based sensors. SGPS data are combined in post-processing with inertial, pressure, radio and laser altimeter data. Flight trials with a Bombardier "Global Express" at Braunschweig Airport on May 2002 shows the achieved accuracies of the height reference solution calculated by SGPS in comparison to P-DGPS. The SGPS solution for precise height calculation of special mission aircrafts provides accuracies in the order of 5 m and at the runway's threshold in the order of 30 cm.     

基于STK的GLONASS系统与GPS系统DOP值的仿真分析

通过STK软件中的卫星数据库模拟了GLONASS卫星星座,根据GPS卫星的设计参数设计卫星星座。对GPS、GLO-NASS、GPS/GLONASS组合的卫星可见数与GDOP值在昆明地区进行了比较,并给出了相应结果。     

复杂环境下的GPS/BDS/GLONASS结合的单频RTK定位性能研究

为考察GPS/BDS/GLONASS结合的单频RTK定位模式在复杂城市环境下的定位优势,该文在香港采集一个参考站和7个流动站的GNSS数据,通过LAMBDA模糊度搜索方法和R-ratio检验得到单系统、双系统、多系统GNSS单频RTK的定位精度,分析在复杂观测环境下不同系统单频RTK定位性能.结果表明：1)在良好的观测条件下,多系统定位精度最高,双系统次之,单系统最差,都能达到厘米级的定位精度;2)在复杂环境下,部分单系统单频RTK很难实现双差定位,总体上双系统比单系统定位精度高,GLONAS＋BDS的定位精度最差,但都难以实现高精度定位;3)多系统单频RTK可定位精度最高,可用于高精度的城市导航定位;4)观测环境与GNSS单频RTK定位精度具有明显的相关性.     

GPS／GLONASS兼容微带天线的研制

本文报道了作者最近研制的接收美俄两国导航卫星信号的微带天线，实际使用证明该天线性能是优良的。     

随机模型在GPS卫星钟差估计中的应用

卫星钟差是影响定位精度的重要误差源之一.针对不同接收机评估其伪距观测精度,选择相应的相位观测方差,构建合理的随机模型.采用56个IGS(International GNSS Service)跟踪站观测数据解算卫星钟差,并进行定位验证.结果表明:基于该方法的钟差估计结果与传统的钟差估计方法的结果在定位精度上改进约为5％....     

Yaw attitude of eclipsing GPS satellites and its impact on solutions from precise point positioning

During the period when a GPS satellite, the Earth and the Sun are approximately collinear, the phenomenon of eclipsing the satellite occurs, when the satellite yaw attitude deviates from its nominal case, i.e. the body X-axis cannot point towards the Sun for Block II&IIA or away from it for Block IIR satellites. The yaw attitude of the eclipsing satellites has a significant influence on both the satellite clock estimation at each International GNSS Service (IGS) Analysis Center (AC) and for users of the precise point positioning (PPP) implementations. It is known that, during the eclipsing periods, inconsistent yaw attitude models among the ACs will contribute to the errors of the IGS combined clock products. As for the PPP user, the influence of the eclipsing satellite is two-fold. First, as the satellite clocks are always kept fixed during PPP implementation, the above-mentioned problematic IGS clocks will inevitably be passed on to the PPP estimates. Second, the improper yaw attitude modeling of the eclipsing satellite will cause a correction bias exceeding 1 dm for the two kinds of attitude-related systematic errors, namely the phase wind-up and satellite antenna phase center offset, which will further deteriorate the accuracy of the PPP solutions. A yaw attitude model is introduced in this paper with the aim of improving the reliability of PPP solutions during the satellite eclipsing period.     

An analysis of single point positioning with real-time internet-based precise GPS data

Single Point Positioning (SPP) is currently capable of providing position accuracy of several meters. To obtain a better accuracy, the Differential GPS (DGPS) method must be applied. For large-scale applications such as aerial survey and mapping, however,the requirement of a base station(s) in conventional DGPS often become problematic in practice due to the increased operational cost and complexity. Recently a concept of Global Differential GPS (GDGPS) has attracted increasing interests among the GPS communities. GDGPS has the same user's implementation as SPP,but its accuracy is augmented by the globally or regionally distributed precise GPS data currently including precise satellite orbit and clock corrections. The major advantage of GDGPS lies in two aspects: system simplicity at the user's end, and globally consistent positioning accuracy. This paper presents GDGPS positioning results using the precise GPS data generated by the Natural Resources Canada (NRCan). NRCan's precise data can be retrieved real-time from Internet base on Virtual Private Network (VPN) and Multicast technology. The packet delay and Packet Loss Rate (PLR) of multicasting over Intemet will first be investigated.The total latency of precise GPS data as well as the position accuracyof GDGPS will then be analyzed. The numerical results have shown that a meter to half-meter level accuracy is obtainable based on epoch-by-epoch data processing. With phase-smoothed code observations, the positioning accuracy can be further improved.     

一种高效的GPS定位数据压缩算法设计

针对基于GPS及GPRS的手持式防走失终端的存储空间小、GPS定位数据量大、累积GPRS传输GPS定位数据流量大导致通信费用高的问题,提出一种专用于NMEA-0183标准GPS定位数据压缩的改进型位映射-半字节压缩算法.经过理论分析以及实际验证,该算法总压缩比不低于74.29%,并且减少了GPRS向监控中心传输的GPS定位数据量,降低了通信费用和GPRS信道的占用时间,提高了定位的实时性.     

基于RTK模式的应用GPS III和Galileo模糊度算法分析

在介绍三频法确定主频率模糊度的基础上,针对RTK工作模式,采用GPS、Galileo和GPS/Gali-leo系统,在不同基线长度下,分别利用三频法和两频法从确定模糊度的时间、正确率以及定位精度等方面进行分析,总结了不同情况下如何采用导航系统和定位模式,以保证定位精度和可靠性。