单向冻结条件下根河黏土水热特征试验研究

为研究内蒙古东北根河地区地基土体的水热特征,对根河饱和黏土在-5℃、-10℃和-15℃三种环境负温下开展了单向冻结试验,得到试样在不同深度处的温度分布规律和变化过程及冻结前后试样中的水分变化规律.结果表明:单向冻结过程中土体的平均降温速率随深度的增加线性减小,且环境温度越高降温速率越慢;冻结过程中过冷现象的出现与降温速...     

基于MATLAB PDE工具箱的土体冻结温度场模拟

为提高冻土温度场的计算效率,实现土体冻结过程中温度场的快捷求解,基于MATLAB PDE工具箱进行了土体冻结瞬态温度场的模拟。通过对模型边界及热传导条件的合理假设,基于模型槽中冻结管的法平面建立平面坐标系,在平面均匀传热的基础上实现了将三维的热源导问题转化为依据冻结管法平面建立的二维平面问题。对比分析了模型槽中各测温点的实测值与模拟值,结果表明:测温点的模拟温度曲线与实测温度曲线变化趋势基本一致,模拟降温速度大于实测降温速度,且靠近模型槽边界的测温点模拟值与实测值误差较大。研究结果可为人工冻结法施工过程中土体冻结瞬态温度场的预测提供参考。     

严寒地区地铁联络通道冻结法施工监测分析

基于哈尔滨地铁某站的联络通道冻结施工法,对土体温度场进行研究,介绍运用冻结法进行土体加固时温度场的变化规律.运用冻结法对联络隧道四周土体加固时,盐水降温初期土体的温度下降较快,由于土体中水分的潜热影响,0℃附近降温过程会经历一个平台期,温度降至0℃以下,土体温度继续下降,相对于盐水降温初期降温速率变慢.计算出冻结过程中...     

冷媒温度对联络通道冻结效果影响分析

通过温度场数值分析研究了冷媒温度对联络通道冻结效果的影响.分析结果显示:实测与数值模拟得出的温度曲线走向相同,降温速率相近,数值模拟具有较高的可信性;使用新型冷媒冻结时,各侧冻结壁厚度达到设计要求的时间较使用传统冷媒冻结时缩短了3～20 d,平均温度达到设计要求的时间较使用传统冷媒冻结时缩短了5～13 d.     

非饱和黏土冻结过程中水热变化特性模型试验研究

为研究正冻土水热变化特性,对非饱和黏土进行单向冻结模型实验。结果表明:土在冻结温度附近降温速率最小、持续时间较长;靠近上表面土层降温快,较其下层土提前进入冻结;且冻结历时短;靠近顶面的测点温度曲线重合度不如其下层,可能是受外界次要因素干扰,深层土壤受此影响较小;正冻土温度分布曲线沿深度大致分为两段,冻结区线段斜率大于未冻结区,随冻结时间增长,非冻结区线段斜率先增大后减小,最终两段折线趋近为一段斜直线,此时温度沿模型高度呈直线形分布;未冻水含量变化拐点大致在冻结锋面处,距冻结锋面越近,吸力越大,水分迁移量越大,随冻结时间的增长,非冻结区水分迁移速度变大;未冻区土水势梯度最小,正冻区及冻结区土水势梯度大小关系并不明确;未冻水含量变化与温度变化一致,未冻水含量变化分为三个阶段:缓慢下降阶段、快速下降阶段、指数下降阶段。     

盾构始发端垂直冻结温度场数值分析与现场实测

太原地铁双塔西街站-大南门站区间盾构始发端采用垂直冻结法加固技术。由于盾构始发的特殊性,冻结帷幕的有效厚度能不能保证,是关系到土体加固是否安全的前提。通过建立三维数值模型对该工程冻结帷幕温度场随时间的发展规律展开研究,动态模拟冻结帷幕的演化过程,并且现场实时监测记录了冻结帷幕的温度变化和盐水温度随时间的变化情况,分析了在同一深度处各测温孔测点温度随时间的变化规律,计算了冻结帷幕厚度与冻结帷幕平均温度,验证了盾构是否具备始发的条件。结果表明:实测温度值和数值计算温度值总体趋势基本一致;采用垂直冻结方式、三排冻结管冻结施工的方案是合理的;用数值模型来模拟冻结帷幕温度场的变化过程是可行的。     

融沉冻土与群桩相互作用的试验研究

采用自行研制的冻土-群桩室内模型试验装置,研究在补水条件下,单向冻结过程中融沉土体与群桩的相互作用;测定在相同含水率条件下,不同融化温度时冻土的温度场、桩顶上拔位移和桩不同位置处的侧摩阻力随时间的变化趋势。结果表明:升温回暖过程中,各深度土样温度变化趋势基本相似,具有明显的时间效应,大致可分为缓慢降温阶段、升温阶段和温度稳定阶段,不同位置桩的沉降位移发展规律可大致分为桩身稳定阶段、快速沉降阶段和缓慢沉降阶段;融化温度越高,升温阶段维持时间较长,冻土融沉更加完全,桩最终沉降量也更大;融沉过程中,桩身负摩阻力呈现正负交替分布的状态,融化温度越高,桩身所受的负摩阻力越大,且中心桩所受的负摩阻力比角桩的小。     

盾构出洞水平冻结解冻温度场三维有限元分析

为揭示人工冻土解冻规律,对某地铁区间隧道盾构出洞水平冻结工程融化温度场进行了三维数值模拟分析,并研究了土体导热系数、比热容、含水率和环境温度等因素变化对人工冻土融化温度场的影响.计算结果表明:冻结帷幕解冻所需热量主要来自于与隧道管片和混凝土槽壁接触的大气;解冻过程可为负温阶段、相变阶段和正温阶段,土体温度在负温阶段上升较快,相变阶段上升速度明显变缓,进入正温区后土体温度回升速度再次增大;负温阶段受比热容的影响比较显著,含水率增大引起相变阶段明显延长,导热系数和环境温度变化对三个阶段都有显著影响.为跟踪注浆控制融沉提供了理论依据.     

浅埋暗挖隧道管幕冻结法温度场数值模拟

随着城市隧道和地下工程建设环境的日趋复杂,为了不影响城市地面交通正常运行秩序,地下隧道多采用暗挖工法。以港珠澳大桥珠海连接线拱北隧道暗挖段为工程背景,根据现场冻结实测数据,通过有限元软件对积极冻结期隧道全断面进行冻结壁温度场数值模拟。结果表明:数值模拟温度变化结果与实测温度数据基本一致,冻结壁在50d时形成交圈,冻结90d时冻土帷幕平均厚度达到2.32m,交圈前20d积极冻结期,冻结管之间土体温度变化速率为-0.58℃/d,交圈后维护冻结期,该点温度变化速率为-0.22℃/d,说明冻结壁交圈前土体变化速率更快,研究结果可为类似的采用管幕冻结法施工隧道提供了参考依据。     

土冻结过程中水热变化特性的模型试验研究

为研究正冻土水热变化特征及它们之间联系,对非饱和黏土进行单向冻结模型实验,结果表明：土在冻结温度附近降温速率最小,持续时间较长;靠近表面土降温快,较其下部土提前进入冻结,且冻结历时短;靠近顶面的测点温度曲线重合度不如其下层,可能因为受外界次要因素干扰时深层土壤受影响小;正冻土温度分布大致分为两段,冻结区线段斜率大于未冻区,随冻结时间增加,非冻结险段线段斜率会先增大后减小,最终两段线变为一段线,此时温度沿土柱高度线形分布;未冻水含量变化拐点大致在冻结锋面处,距冻结锋面越近,吸力越大,水分迁移量越大,随冻结时间的增加,非冻结区水分迁移速度变大;未冻区土水势梯度最小,正冻区及冻结区土水势梯度大小关系并不明确;未冻水含量变化与温度变化一致,未冻水含量变化分为三个阶段：缓慢下降阶段、快速下降阶段、指数下降阶段。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that