反溶剂法优化制备高效钙钛矿太阳电池

基于反溶剂一步溶液旋涂法制备FA_0.5MA_0.5PbI₃薄膜,并通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）对钙钛矿薄膜进行了测试.测试结果表明的反溶剂滴加时间和滴加的剂量对钙钛矿的结晶的晶粒尺寸和表面形貌有显著影响.合适的反溶剂滴加时间基础上合适的滴加剂量可以形成微米量级的钙钛矿晶粒.最终制备的钙钛矿太阳电池的光电转换效率达到最佳为7.42%.     

反溶剂两步法制备TiO_2/CH_3NH_3PbI_3钙钛矿太阳能电池

一种基于钙钛矿结构碘铅甲胺薄膜太阳能电池由于成本低、光电效率高而成为研究热点.本文介绍一种反溶剂两步法制备平整均一钙钛矿薄膜太阳能电池的新工艺,即在旋涂碘化铅的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶液时立刻滴加反溶剂氯苯,从而促进结晶.对器件和薄膜的分析显示该技术在旋涂时改变了钙钛矿成核和晶体生长动力学,其有利于制备出平整均一的钙钛矿薄膜.利用该方法制备的固态介孔结构太阳能电池,其效率达到了12.081%(在标准太阳光条件下测试),且电池的工艺重复性明显提升.     

染料敏化太阳电池TiO_2溶胶制备及其条件研究

利用钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,乙酰丙酮为螯合剂,异丙醇为溶剂,制备了TiO2溶胶并对其制备条件进行了分析,实验表明,采用滴加水的方式可得到稳定溶胶;在碱性条件下,能得到粒径可控的单一锐钛矿TiO2晶型;用乙酰丙酮作抑制剂,异丙醇作为溶剂可得到稳定的溶胶.     

反溶剂重结晶法制备阿奇霉素超细粉体

采用反溶剂重结晶法进行了阿奇霉素微粉化实验研究。系统考察了药物溶液质量浓度、溶剂反溶剂比例、搅拌时间、干燥方式等因素对产品形貌和粒度的影响。得到较优的制备工艺条件为：药物溶液质量浓度0.2 g/mL、溶剂反溶剂体积比1:20及搅拌时间10 min,可制备出平均粒径为 270 nm的药物颗粒,经喷雾干燥可得粒径为2~5 μm的阿奇霉素超细粉体。采用扫描电镜、比表面积测试、红外光谱分析和体外溶出实验对原料药及产品性质进行分析表征,分析结果表明,阿奇霉素超细粉体化学结构不变,且比表面积增大8倍,溶解速率明显提高。     

聚合物前驱体法合成La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ纳米粉体

采用聚合物前驱体法,以硝酸盐为原料,乙二醇为溶剂,甘氨酸为螯合剂制备La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ前驱体溶胶及其纳米粉体,考察甘氨酸用量、溶胶蒸发温度及时间对溶胶稳定性的影响。结果表明:当甘氨酸和总金属离子物质的量之比为1∶1时,65℃蒸发48 h可得到均匀、稳定的前驱体溶胶;所得凝胶在700℃下烧结5 h可得到平均粒径为54.4 nm的纯钙钛矿型粉体。     

前驱体溶液浓度对LaNiO3薄膜结构及导电性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)法,使用浓度分别为0.1 M、0.2 M和0.3 M的前驱体溶液,在单晶Si(100)衬底上制备了LaNiO3(LNO)导电薄膜,研究了前驱体溶液浓度对LNO薄膜结构和导电性能的影响.X射线衍射测试表明,三种样品均为纯的钙钛矿相,具有较好的(110)择优取向.扫描电子显微镜截面分析显示,用0.2 M前驱体溶液制备的LNO薄膜样品厚度均匀,与Si衬底间没有明显扩散.采用标准四探针法测试了三种样品的电阻率,当前驱体溶液浓度为0.2 M时,样品电阻率最小,仅为2.08×10-3Ω.cm,具有良好的导电性.     

改性的共沉淀法制备Nd:YAG纳米粉体及透明陶瓷

以乙醇和水混合溶液为沉淀液溶剂,用改性的共沉淀方法,制备了YAG前驱体. 利用DTA-TG, XRD, TEM对Nd:YAG的相变过程及粉体形貌进行分析. 结果表明：醇水溶剂共沉淀法制备的前驱体经900℃焙烧2 h,可直接转变成纯相的Nd:YAG. 在1100 ℃焙烧前驱体2 h ,可获得结晶良好、分散性好、平均粒径约为40 nm的Nd:YAG粉体. 使用0.5wt%的TEOS作为烧结添加剂,1750 ℃真空烧结5 h后,得到结构完善,平均粒径～5 μm的Nd:YAG透明陶瓷.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO_2凝胶的影响因素及方法改进

研究了溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2溶胶的胶凝过程,以钛酸丁酯为前驱物,无水乙醇为溶剂,分析了反应物滴加速率、溶胶液pH值、反应底物配比、反应温度、无机酸以及螯合剂的种类对凝胶形成时间的影响,得出了适宜的凝胶制备条件,并对制备稳定均一TiO2凝胶的方法进行了分析和改进.     

反溶剂重结晶法制备多晶型比卡鲁胺

采用反溶剂重结晶法制备多晶型比卡鲁胺,通过改变重结晶过程中所使用的溶剂,对比单一溶剂和共溶剂对所制得晶体的晶型和颗粒形貌差别,探索最优化的共溶剂类型和体积比参数,以达到将比卡鲁胺原料药进行晶型纯化的目的。在反溶剂重结晶过程中采用共溶剂制备比卡鲁胺晶体发现：共溶剂（二甲基亚砜＋乙醇）以及（丙酮＋乙醇）可制备比卡鲁胺晶型I,并通过调节共溶剂中乙醇的用量可得到粒度均一,分散性好的I型比卡鲁胺。     

溶剂热法制备纳米Fe3O4粉体

通过溶剂热法,以FeOOH作为前驱体,以油酸作为表面活性剂,以十八烯为溶剂,制备了纳米Fe3O4颗粒,研究了油酸和FeCl3用量、反应时间对纳米Fe3O4粒子的大小以及分散性的影响.结果显示,FeCl3用量的增加和反应时间的延长均可使Fe3O4粒子粒径增大,油酸用量的增加会导致Fe3O4粒子粒径先减小再增大.利用XRD、TEM等手段对所制备颗粒的结构、形貌进行了表征,结果表明,所制备的纳米Fe3O4粒子属于反尖晶石结构.FeCl3用量为0.003mol,油酸用量为13.5mL时(即Fe3+/油酸约为1/15),在230℃反应12h得到结晶度较高,分散性良好,平均粒径比较小的纳米Fe3O4粒子.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~